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AGRIENG 2201
Basic Farm Machineries, Mechanization, & Water Management

RICKY S. SEVILLA
Name: _________________________________ Rating: ______________________
BSA 2
Course & Year: ________________________

Laboratory Exercise No. 4

DETERMINATION OF IRRIGATION WATER REQUIREMENTS & CONVEYANCE LOSSES

INTRODUCTION

The complete management of control than ever before. The importance of

irrigation water by the farmer-irrigators is a irrigated crops is extremely vital to the public's
necessity in the field of agriculture. Irrigation is subsistence. Today’s management of irrigation
vital to produce acceptable quality and yield of water requires using the best estimate that
crops, and to determine its requirements in current technology can provide for the
terms of water extremely in the increasing determination of crop water use and field
demand for water by agriculture makes proper irrigation water requirements.
management and conservation of our water
supplies increasingly important. Proper In this activity emphasized
management of water and basic understanding computation and determined water
to calculate water is a very powerful piece of requirements and conveyance losses with two
knowledge, it allows us to take a more assigned crops which are the pumpkin
scientific approach to the irrigation process, (Cucurbita pepo) and Cacao (Theobroma cacao
achieve greater control, and begin conserving L.). In accord with this laboratory report and
water without compromising crop yields. based on the research, pumpkins usually need
This report is indeed significant 40 mm or 1.6 inches of water per week during
particularly to farmer-irrigators to know the warm periods at least once a week, especially
several ways to compute and determine during critical periods. Rainfalls, irrigation, or
irrigation water requirements and conveyance both can cover these needs. While Cacao crops
losses. Competition for a limited water supply are traditionally with annual precipitation
for other uses by the public requires the ranging between 1,500 and 2,000 mm .
irrigation water user to provide much closer

OBJECTIVE

1. To determine irrigation water requirements and conveyance losses by using guide step-by-
step computational procedures.
2. To know the process of estimating irrigation water requirements and conveyance losses.
3. To calculate irrigation water requirements to meet the required performance standards.
METHODOLOGY

1. Searched for broad information of the assigned two (2) crops specifically for its total rainfall
requirements and soil texture preferred for pumpkins and cacao crops.
2. Solved the following step-by-step computation such as;
➢ Crop Water Requirement (CWR)
➢ Effective rainfall (ER)
➢ Land soaking requirement (LSR)
➢ Land preparation water requirement (LPWR)
➢ Farm water requirement (FWR)
➢ Diversion water requirement (DWR)

RESULTS & DISCUSSION

Crop #1 : Pumpkin

According to research pumpkins are very

susceptible to cold temperatures. Any bit of frost is
detrimental to a pumpkin crop. Because of this, pumpkin
farmers will plant the pumpkin seeds after the last frost of
spring and try to harvest before the heaviest frosts at the end
of October. During the summer months, for optimum
growth, it is ideal to get about an inch of rain each week ( 1.6
inch /week = 40mm/week ) . Too much rain will cause
the crop to soften and rot. As for temperatures, a pumpkin
crop performs better in warmer climates, especially nearing
harvest. Farmers look for the soil to be on the drier side
during harvest for the process to be easy.
Pumpkins can be grown successfully on almost
any good soil where they will receive full sunlight
throughout the day. Sandy soils high in organic matter are
the best soil for pumpkins.

GIVEN:
Crop : Pumpkins
ETo : 4 mm/day
ETa : 3.5 mm/day
Soil Texture : Sandy loam
40 𝑚𝑚 4 𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑘𝑠.
Total Rainfall : x
𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑘𝑠. 1 𝑚𝑜.
: P = 160 mm/mos.
Irrigation Method (Ea ) : Medium Soils (0.70)
Supply System (Ec ) : Continuous supply with no substantial change in flow (0.9)
COMPUTATION:

1. CWR = ETa +(S&P)

= 3.5 mm/day + 4 mm/day
CWR= 7.5 mm/day

where: CWR Crop water requirement, mm/day

ETa actual evapotranspiration, mm/day
(S&P) Seepage and percolation in the field, mm/day

2. ER = 0.6 P-10
= 0.8 (160)-10

𝟏𝟏𝟖 𝐦𝐦 𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐬.
= 𝐦𝐨𝐬.
x 𝟑𝟎 𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 .

ER = 3.93 mm/day

where: ER -Effective rainfall, mm/mo

It is always equal to or larger than zero and never negative.
P -Precipitation or rainfall, mm/mo

𝒏−(𝑹𝑴𝑪 𝒙 𝑨𝐬 )𝒙 𝐃𝐫𝐳
3. 𝑳𝑺𝑹 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎

𝟒𝟑−(𝟏𝟏 𝒙 𝟏.𝟓 )𝒙 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟎

LSR = 𝟏𝟎𝟎

(𝟒𝟑−𝟏𝟔.𝟓 )𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟎
LSR =
𝟏𝟎𝟎

(𝟐𝟔.𝟓 )𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟎
LSR =
𝟏𝟎𝟎

𝟑𝟑,𝟏𝟐𝟓
LSR = 𝟏𝟎𝟎

LSR = 331.25 mm/day

where: LSR Land soaking requirement, mm

n Soil porosity, % (Table 2)
RMC Residual moisture content or permanent wilting point, % (Table 2)
As Apparent specific gravity (Table 2)
Drz Root zone depth, mm (Appendix Table 1)
4. LPWR=LSR+SW+ETo

LPWR=LSR+SW+ETo

LPWR = 331.25 mm + 10 + 4

LPWR = 345.25 mm/day

where LPWR Land preparation water requirement,

mm LSR Land soaking requirement, mm
SW Standing water, mm
Recommended value for SW during land preparation = 10 mm
ETo Reference evapotranspiration, mm

5. FWR=(CWR–ER+LPWR)/Ea

𝟕.𝟓 𝒎𝒎−𝟑.𝟗𝟑 𝒎𝒎+𝟑𝟒𝟓.𝟐𝟓

FWR = 𝟎.𝟕𝟎

𝟑𝟒𝟖.𝟖𝟐
FWR = 𝟎.𝟕𝟎

FWR = 498.31 mm/day

where: CWR Crop water requirement, mm

ER Effective rainfall,mm
LPWR Land preparation water requirement, mm
Ea Application efficiency

6. DWR=FWR/Ec

498.31
DWR =
0.9

DWR = 553.67 mm/day

where: DWR Diversion water requirement,

mm FWR Farm water requirement, mm
Ec Conveyance efficiency, decimal (Table 4)
Crop #2 : CACAO

Variations in the yield of cocoa trees from year to

year are affected more by rainfall than by any other
climatic factor. Trees are very sensitive to soil water
deficiency. Rainfall should be plentiful and well
distributed through the year. An annual rainfall level of
between 1,500mm and 2,000mm is generally preferred.
(1500 + 2000 = 3500/2 =1750 mm/year)

GIVEN:
Crops : Cacao
ET0 : 4 mm/day
ETa : 3.5 mm/day
Soil Texture : Sandy loam
Total Rainfall : 1750 mm/yr
1750 𝑚𝑚 1𝑦𝑟
𝑦𝑟
x 12 𝑚𝑜𝑠.
: 145.83 mm/mos.
Irrigation Method(Ea ): Medium Soils (0.70)
Supply System (Ec ) : Continuous supply with no substantial change in flow (0.9)

COMPUTATION:

1. CWR = ETa +(S&P) 2. ER = 0.6 P-10

= 0.8 (145.83)-10
= 3.5 mm/day + 4 mm/day
𝟏𝟎𝟔.𝟔𝟔 𝐦𝐦 𝟏 𝐦𝐨𝐬.
CWR= 7.5 mm/day = x
𝐦𝐨𝐬. 𝟑𝟎 𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 .
𝒏−(𝑹𝑴𝑪 𝒙 𝑨𝐬 )𝒙 𝐃𝐫𝐳
𝟑. 𝑳𝑺𝑹 = ER = 3.55 mm/day
𝟏𝟎𝟎

𝟒𝟑−(𝟏𝟏 𝒙 𝟏.𝟓 )𝒙 𝟖𝟓𝟎

LSR =
𝟏𝟎𝟎

(𝟒𝟑−𝟏𝟔.𝟓 )𝟖𝟓𝟎
LSR = 𝟏𝟎𝟎
4. LPWR=LSR+SW+ETo
(𝟐𝟔.𝟓 )𝟖𝟓𝟎
LSR = LPWR = 225.25 mm + 10 + 4
𝟏𝟎𝟎
LPWR = 239.25 mm/day
𝟐𝟐,𝟓𝟐𝟓
LSR = 𝟏𝟎𝟎

LSR = 225.25 mm/day

 5.FWR=(CWR–ER+LPWR)/Ea
6.DWR=FWR/Ec
𝟕.𝟓 𝒎𝒎−𝟑.𝟓𝟓 𝒎𝒎+𝟐𝟑𝟗.𝟐𝟓
FWR = 347.43
𝟎.𝟕𝟎 DWR =
0.9

𝟐𝟒𝟑.𝟐 DWR = 386.03 mm/day

FWR = 𝟎.𝟕𝟎

FWR = 347.43 mm/day

CONCLUSIONS

So, Therefore, by understanding the significance of irrigation and adopting calculated

approaches to water management, farmers, farm owners, irrigators, agriculturist, and other people
can ensure the longevity and vitality of landscapes while promoting responsible water usage. The
determination of irrigation water requirements and conveyance losses which in this approach
revealed that properly calculated irrigation plans shall have benefits for the environment, and it adds
value to properties and contribute to the overall quality of life in terms of water management.

REFERENCE/S

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