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Name: Princess Arianne T.
Dico Section: DCVET 1-1
All About Operating Systems
1. Operating Systems
An operating system (OS) is software that manages computer hardware and software
resources. It helps computer programs communicate and work together. It also acts as a mediator
between the user and the computer hardware. This enables users to interact with the system easily,
using a command line or graphical interface. One of its main functions is to manage system
resources, such as memory, CPU time, disk space, and peripheral devices like printers and
keyboards. It also allows multiple programs to run simultaneously, a feature known as multitasking.
Furthermore, it ensures security by controlling system access and protecting against malware and
unauthorized access.
2. Example of Operating Systems
Operating systems are a crucial part of modern computers. They help the different
components of a system work together by communicating and coordinating with each other. There
are various operating systems used today, each with its unique features. For example, Microsoft's
Windows is the most popular operating system for personal computers. It has an easy-to-use
interface and can support a wide range of applications.
Android, created by Google, is a mobile operating system based on Linux. It powers many
smartphones, tablets, and other devices. It provides users with a lot of flexibility, allowing them to
customize their devices according to their preferences by selecting from a vast range of apps.
iOS, created by Apple Inc., is the operating system used in iPhones, iPads, and iPod Touch
devices. It's known for its user-friendly interface, tight security, and seamless integration with
other Apple products and services. It provides users with an easy and optimized experience that's
tailored to the Apple ecosystem.
3. What is common OS used now days and why
Windows is a popular operating system used by many people, especially Windows 10. This
is because it is easy to use and has many useful features. It has a user-friendly interface that people
are already familiar with. This makes it easy to use for both casual users and professionals.
Windows has many software programs and applications that can be used for a variety of
purposes. From productivity tools to entertainment options, Windows has a vast collection of
software and applications that can be used according to different needs.
Windows is also compatible with a wide range of hardware devices, making it a popular
choice for many users. It supports different types of hardware configurations, from budget-friendly
options to high-end systems. This ensures that users can choose the hardware that best suits their
needs.
Microsoft provides regular updates and support to Windows, which is important for
maintaining system stability, performance, and security. This is especially important in today's
digital landscape where cyber threats are prevalent. With these updates and support, users can feel
confident that their system is safe and secure.
4. Principles of Operating Systems
Modern computing relies on operating systems (OS), which are built on fundamental
principles. These principles ensure efficient resource management, abstraction, and security. One
important principle is resource management. The OS allocates CPU, memory, and I/O devices
efficiently among processes. Abstraction shields users and applications from hardware
complexities, offering a uniform interface.
Concurrency is another vital aspect. It enables multitasking and parallel processing, which
means the system can handle multiple tasks simultaneously. Security is also critical. The OS
enforces access controls and protects against unauthorized access and malware.
Persistence ensures data survives system reboots. This is managed by file systems and disk
management. Interprocess communication facilitates data sharing and coordination between
processes.
Fault tolerance mechanisms, including error detection and recovery, make the system more
reliable. These principles collectively enable OS to provide a stable, secure, and responsive
computing environment.
OS developers need to understand these principles to design robust systems that meet the
diverse needs of users and applications. As technology evolves, OS principles continue to adapt,
incorporating innovations to meet the demands of emerging computing paradigms. Thus, a deep
understanding of OS principles is crucial for building and maintaining efficient, reliable, and
secure computing systems.
5. Architecture of Operating Systems

The architecture of operating systems comprises several layers, namely the kernel, system
libraries, system calls, and user interface. The kernel is the central component that interacts directly
with the hardware. The system libraries provide higher-level functions that applications can use,
while system calls function as bridges between user programs and the kernel. Lastly, the user
interface enables users to interact with the system through graphical or command-line interfaces.
It is crucial for developers and system administrators to comprehend the architecture of

operating systems to effectively manage computing resources, ensure the reliability of system
operations and keep them secure.
6. Why Engineering Students need to know the used of O.S
Operating systems play a crucial role in the world of engineering, and students in this field
can benefit significantly from understanding their fundamentals. Firstly, gaining knowledge of
operating system principles can improve an engineering student's understanding of computer
architecture, system design, and software development concepts. Secondly, being familiar with
different operating systems can prepare students for diverse career opportunities in fields such as
software engineering, embedded systems, and cybersecurity. Lastly, proficiency in operating
system concepts equips students with problem-solving skills and critical thinking abilities essential
for tackling real-world engineering challenges effectively. In conclusion, understanding operating
systems can help engineering students excel in their academic pursuits and professional endeavors.
REFERENCE
5 Most Popular Operating Systems (wgu.edu)
Principles of operating system | PPT (slideshare.net)
Computer Basics: Understanding Operating Systems (gcfglobal.org)
Architecture of Operating System - Naukri Code 360
Teaching Operating System Development to CS and Engineering Students (linkedin.com)
What is the Most Popular Operating System? (computerhope.com)

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Assign No 2

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Name: Princess Arianne T.

Dico Section: DCVET 1-1

All About Operating Systems

2. Example of Operating Systems

3. What is common OS used now days and why

4. Principles of Operating Systems

5. Architecture of Operating Systems

It is crucial for developers and system administrators to comprehend the architecture of

6. Why Engineering Students need to know the used of O.S

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