Textbook  Chapter 8 Polynomials Suggested Solutions

Fun in Math Solving Tips ( page 8.42) Follow-up Exercise ( page 8.2)
(a) Length = (12 − 2 x) cm 1. a × a × b × b = a 2b 2
Width = (12 − 2 x) cm

Height = x cm 2. ( y + y )( y × y ) = 2 y × y
2

= 2y 3

(b) Capacity of the box = (12 − 2 x)(12 − 2 x)( x) cm3

= [12(12 − 2 x) − 2 x(12 − 2 x)]( x) cm3
= (144 − 24 x − 24 x + 4 x 2 )( x) cm3 3. 2m × n × 3m × 5n = 2 × m × n × 3 × m × 5 × n
= (4 x 2 − 48 x + 144)( x) cm3 = 2 × 3× 5× m × m × n × n
= (4 x3 − 48 x 2 + 144 x) cm3 = 30m 2 n 2

(c) Length = (12 − 2 x) cm

When x = 6 , 3y
4. 6 − 3 y ÷ y = 6 −
y
length = [12 − 2(6)] cm = 6−3
= 0 cm =3
∴ All possible integral values of x are 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.

(d) x 1 2 3 4 5 h
5. h ÷ (h × k ) =
hk
Capacity (cm3 ) 100 128 108 64 20 1
=
From the table above, x should take the integral value 2 so that the k
capacity of the box is the largest.

6. 3( x + 3) = 3( x) + 3(3)
= 3x + 9

Pre-quiz ( page 8.2)

7. −4(5 + 2 x) = −[4(5) + 4(2 x)]
1. p × p × q = p 2 q
= −(20 + 8 x)
= −20 − 8 x
2. 4r × 3s × r = 4 × r × 3 × s × r
= 4 × 3× r × r × s
= 12r 2 s 8. 2( x − 8) − 3 x = 2( x) − 2(8) − 3 x
= 2 x − 16 − 3 x
= 2 x − 3 x − 16
3. (a) When x = 2 , = − x − 16
4 x − 5 = 4(2) − 5
=3
9. When x = 3 and y = −2 ,
(b) When x = 2 ,
6 x 2 = 6(2) 2 x − 6 y + 1 = 3 − 6(−2) + 1
= 24 = 3 + 12 + 1
= 16

4. 5( x − 2) = 5( x) − 5(2)
= 5 x − 10 10. When x = 3 and y = −2 ,
2 x 2 + xy − 5 y 2 = 2(3) 2 + (3)(−2) − 5(−2) 2
5. −3(2 x + 1) = −[(3)(2 x) + (3)(1)] = 2(9) − 6 − 5(4)
= −(6 x + 3) = 18 − 6 − 20
= −6 x − 3 = −8

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11. When x = 3 and y = −2 , (−a )5 = (−1)5 a 5

5( x − y ) − 7 = 5[3 − (−2)] − 7 = −a5
= 5(3 + 2) − 7
= 5(5) − 7
= 25 − 7 Stop & Think ( page 8.12)
= 18
When a = 0 , m and n are positive integers,

0m 0
12. When x = 3 and y = −2 , am ÷ an = = , which is undefined.
0n 0
( x + 2 y + 3)(5 − 4 y ) = [3 + 2(−2) + 3][5 − 4(−2)]
= (3 − 4 + 3)(5 + 8)
= (2)(13)
= 26
Concept Checkpoint
Concept Checkpoint 8.1 ( page 8.18)
x2 y
Pre-lesson Flipped Learning Monomial 3x 4 −5y 2 xyz − y3 z 2
2
1
Pre-lesson Flipped Learning 8.1 ( page 8.3) Coefficient 3 −5
2
1 −1

a m a n = (a × a × a × × a) × (a × a × a × × a) Order 4 2 3 3 5
m times n times
= a×a× ×a
( m+ n ) times Concept Checkpoint 8.2 ( page 8.18)
m+ n
=a
1. 8b • • (a) −7ba 3
≠ a mn
2 2 1 3
(ab) m = (ab) × (ab) × × (ab) 2. − a • • (b) ab
3 2
m times
= (a × a × × a ) × (b × b × × b) 3. −ab • • (c) 9a 2
3
m times m times 4. 2a b • • (d) −5b
m m
=a b
ab3
≠ ab m 5. − • • (e) 3ab
3

Pre-lesson Flipped Learning 8.2 ( page 8.16) Concept Checkpoint 8.3 ( page 8.19)
The coefficient of x in x3 − 2 x + 5 is −2. 1. 5y 3 , x 2 + xy + 5, −2, y 3 + 2 y − 4 x3 y
∴ The answer is B.
Coefficient of Constant
2. Polynomial
term
Pre-lesson Flipped Learning 8.3 ( page 8.27) x x 2
x3 xy x2 y xy 2

(a) −2 x3 + 1 0 0 −2 0 0 0 1
(−3 x + 4) − (2 x − 1) = −3 x + 4 − 2 x + 1
= −3 x − 2 x + 4 + 1 (b) 7 x − x 2 + 5 x3 7 −1 5 0 0 0 0
= −5 x + 5 2 2
(c) x − xy + 3xy 0 1 0 −1 0 3 0
∴ It is not true that (−3 x + 4) − (2 x − 1) = −5 x + 3.
xy 1
(d) 7 − 2 x2 y + 0 0 0 −2 0 7
4 4

Pre-lesson Flipped Learning 8.4 ( page 8.37)

2 x(3 x + y ) = 2 x(3 x) + 2 x( y ) Concept Checkpoint 8.4 ( page 8.20)
= 6 x 2 + 2 xy Polynomial Order of polynomial
∴ The answer is B. (a) x −1 1
4 2
(b) 5 x − 6 x + x − 14 4

(c) 3xy + x − 7 2
3 2
(d) 7 x y − 2 xy + 8 xy − 5 4
Stop & Think
(e) x 2 + 4 x 2 y − 9 y 2 + x − 3 y − 11 3
Stop & Think ( page 8.9)
(− a )3 = (−1)3 a 3
= −a3

(−a ) 4 = (−1) 4 a 4
= a4

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 Textbook  Chapter 8 Polynomials Suggested Solutions

Classwork Classwork 8.3 ( page 8.9)

Classwork 8.1 ( page 8.4) (a) (c5 ) 2 = c5×2
= c10
(a) c 6 × c 2 = c 6+ 2
= c8 (b) (a 4b) 4 = (a 4 ) 4 b 4
= a 4×4b 4
(b) d 6 × d = d 6+1 = a16b 4
= d7
(c) (3a 6 )3 = (33 )(a 6 )3
(c) e3 × 4e 2 = e3 × 4 × e 2 = 27 a 6×3
= 4 × e3 × e 2 = 27 a18
= 4e3+2
= 4e5 (d) (4ac 2 )3 = (43 )(a 3 )(c 2 )3
= 64a 3c 2×3
(d) (4a )(3a ) = 4 × a × 3 × a
3 3
= 64a 3c 6
= 4 × 3 × a × a3
= 12a1+3 (e) (−5c3 )3 = (−5)3 (c3 )3
= 12a 4 = −125c3×3
= −125c9
(e) −2m3 × 2m6 = (−2) × m3 × 2 × m6
= (−2) × 2 × m3 × m6 (f) (−2b 2 c5 ) 4 = (−2) 4 (b 2 ) 4 (c5 ) 4
= −4m3+6 = 16b 2×4 c5×4
= −4m9 = 16b8c 20

(f) (−5b5 )(−4b 2 ) = (−5) × b5 × (−4) × b 2

Classwork 8.4 ( page 8.13)
= (−5) × (−4) × b5 × b 2
= 20b5+2 b7
(a) b7 ÷ b 4 =
= 20b7 b4
= b 7−4
= b3
Classwork 8.2 ( page 8.5)
a8
(a) a 2b × a 5 = a 2 × a 5 × b (b) = a 8− 2
a2
= a 2+5 × b = a6
= a 7b
c5
(c) c5 ÷ c7 =
(b) b 2 c3 × bc5 = b 2 × b × c3 × c5 c7
= b 2+1 × c3+5 1
= 7−5
= b 3c8 c
1
= 2
(c) 2c3d 2 × c 2 d 3 = 2 × c3 × c 2 × d 2 × d 3 c
= 2c3+2 d 2+3
d2 1
= 2c5 d 5 (d) =
d 6 d 6− 2
1
3 6 2 3 6
(d) (3ab )(2a b ) = 3 × a × b × 2 × a × b
2
= 4
d
= 3 × 2 × a × a × b × b2
6 3

= 6a1+6b3+2 6 p9
(e) 6 p9 ÷ p 4 =
= 6a 7 b 5 p4
= 6 p 9− 4
(e) (−5a 6b 2 )(4ab3 ) = (−5) × a 6 × b 2 × 4 × a × b3 = 6 p5
= (−5) × 4 × a 6 × a × b 2 × b3
= −20a 6+1b 2+3 r3 1
(f) =
= −20a 7b5 3r 6 3r 6−3
1
= 3
(f) (−6de 2 )(−2d 3e) = (−6) × d × e 2 × (−2) × d 3 × e 3r
= (−6) × (−2) × d × d 3 × e 2 × e
= 12d 1+3e 2+1
= 12d 4 e3

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Classwork 8.5 ( page 8.14) Classwork 8.8 ( page 8.23)

9 9−1
6e e (a) In ascending powers: 10 + 3a + 8a 2 − 5a 3
(a) =
18e 3
e8 In descending powers: −5a 3 + 8a 2 + 3a + 10
=
3
(b) In ascending powers: 2b − 7b3 − b 4 + 6b6
4
2d 1
(b) = In descending powers: 6b6 − b 4 − 7b3 + 2b
6d 9 3d 9−4
1
= 5
3d Classwork 8.9 ( page 8.24)
−30c 9
(a) 5 x + 8 + 4 x − 3 x 2 − 2 = −3 x 2 + 5 x + 4 x + 8 − 2
(c) = −6c9−4
5c 4 = −3 x 2 + 9 x + 6
= −6c5
(b) − x 2 + 3 − 2 x + 5 x 2 − 3x + 6 = − x 2 + 5 x 2 − 2 x − 3x + 3 + 6
6 5a 6 9
= 4 x2 − 5x + 9
(d) 5a ÷ (−10a ) =
−10a 9
1 (c) −2 x 2 + 6 x3 + x + 5 x 2 − 4 x3 = 6 x3 − 4 x3 − 2 x 2 + 5 x 2 + x
=
−2a 9−6
= 2 x3 + 3x 2 + x
1
=− 3
2a 4 x 2 + 5 x + 3 − x 2 + 8 x3 − 6 x + 4 − 3x 2
(d)
= 8 x3 + 4 x 2 − x 2 − 3x 2 + 5 x − 6 x + 3 + 4
ab3 b3−1
(e) = = 8 x3 − x + 7
a 5b a 5−1
b2
= 4
a
Classwork 8.10 ( page 8.29)
8− 4
−20c d 8
5c 3
(a) (3a + 4b) + (5a − 2b) = 3a + 4b + 5a − 2b
(f) =
−32c 4 d 4 8d 4−3 = 3a + 5a + 4b − 2b
5c 4 = 8a + 2b
=
8d
Alternative method:

Classwork 8.6 ( page 8.21)

(a) 5y − 2 y + 4 y = 3y + 4 y
= 7y
(b) (4 s − 6t ) + (2 s − 3t ) = 4 s − 6t + 2 s − 3t
(b) 5 x + 7 − 3 x − 8 = 5 x − 3 x + 7 − 8 = 4 s + 2 s − 6t − 3t
= 6 s − 9t
= 2x −1
Alternative method:
(c) 9 w2 + 2 w − 7 w2 − 5 w = 9 w2 − 7 w2 + 2 w − 5 w
= 2 w2 − 3w

(d) 8 x 2 − 5 x + 4 y + 3 y − 6 x 2 − 3 x = 8 x 2 − 6 x 2 − 5 x − 3x + 4 y + 3 y
= 2 x2 − 8x + 7 y (c) (3d + 9e + 6 f ) + (4d − 5e − 9 f ) = 3d + 9e + 6 f + 4d − 5e − 9 f
= 3d + 4d + 9e − 5e + 6 f − 9 f
= 7 d + 4e − 3 f
Classwork 8.7 ( page 8.22)
Alternative method:
(a) 4a 2 + 2ab − 3b 2 + 2a 2 − 6ab + 5b 2 = 4a 2 + 2a 2 + 2ab − 6ab − 3b 2 + 5b 2
= 6a 2 − 4ab + 2b 2

(b) −2a 2 + 4ab − 5b 2 − 6a 2 − ab + 8b 2 = −2a 2 − 6a 2 + 4ab − ab − 5b 2 + 8b 2

= −8a 2 + 3ab + 3b 2 (d) (− p + 4q − 3r ) + (−5 p − 9q + 2r ) = − p + 4q − 3r − 5 p − 9q + 2r
= − p − 5 p + 4q − 9q − 3r + 2r
(c) 2 2 2 2 2
−4 x y + 5 xy + 3 xy − 2 yx + 2 xy = −4 x y − 2 x y + 5 xy + 2 xy + 3 xy 2
= −6 p − 5q − r
= −6 x 2 y + 7 xy + 3 xy 2
Alternative method:
(d) 3 yx 2 − 2 y 2 x − xy + 4 xy 2 − 6 x 2 y = 3 x 2 y − 6 x 2 y − 2 xy 2 + 4 xy 2 − xy
= −3 x 2 y + 2 xy 2 − xy

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 Textbook  Chapter 8 Polynomials Suggested Solutions

Classwork 8.11 ( page 8.30) Alternative method:

(a) (4 x 2 − 3 x + 1) + ( x 2 − 4 x − 6) = 4 x 2 − 3 x + 1 + x 2 − 4 x − 6
= 4 x 2 + x 2 − 3x − 4 x + 1 − 6
= 5x2 − 7 x − 5
Alternative method: (d) (−9t − 6u + 7v) − (−8t − 6u + 2v) = −9t − 6u + 7v + 8t + 6u − 2v
= −9t + 8t − 6u + 6u + 7v − 2v
= −t + 5v
Alternative method:

(b) (7 y 2 − 6 y − 3) + (−2 + 6 y − 4 y 2 ) = 7 y 2 − 6 y − 3 − 2 + 6 y − 4 y 2
= 7 y2 − 4 y2 − 6 y + 6 y − 3 − 2
= 3y2 − 5
Alternative method: Classwork 8.13 ( page 8.31)
(a) (8 y 2 + 3 y − 2) − ( y 2 + 8 y − 7) = 8 y 2 + 3 y − 2 − y 2 − 8 y + 7
= 8 y2 − y2 + 3y − 8 y − 2 + 7
= 7 y2 − 5 y + 5
Alternative method:
(c) (b 2 + 7b − 3) + (9b − 4b 2 ) = b 2 + 7b − 3 + 9b − 4b 2
= b 2 − 4b 2 + 7b + 9b − 3
= −3b 2 + 16b − 3
Alternative method:

(b) (−4 z 2 − 3 + 7 z ) − ( z − 9 z 2 − 2) = −4 z 2 − 3 + 7 z − z + 9 z 2 + 2
= −4 z 2 + 9 z 2 + 7 z − z − 3 + 2
= 5z 2 + 6 z − 1
Alternative method:
(d) (2a 2 − 9) + (−5a 2 − 3a + 8) = 2a 2 − 9 − 5a 2 − 3a + 8
= 2a 2 − 5a 2 − 3a − 9 + 8
= −3a 2 − 3a − 1
Alternative method:

(c) (7b 2 − 6b + 5) − (4b 2 − 1) = 7b 2 − 6b + 5 − 4b 2 + 1

= 7b 2 − 4b 2 − 6b + 5 + 1
= 3b 2 − 6b + 6
Alternative method:
Classwork 8.12 ( page 8.30)
(a) (7 a − 5b) − (a − 6b) = 7 a − 5b − a + 6b
= 7 a − a − 5b + 6b
= 6a + b

Alternative method: (d) (1 − 9c 2 ) − (3c − 3c 2 + 5) = 1 − 9c 2 − 3c + 3c 2 − 5

= −9c 2 + 3c 2 − 3c + 1 − 5
= −6c 2 − 3c − 4
Alternative method:

(b) (−4 s + 7t ) − (−2 s + 6t ) = −4 s + 7t + 2 s − 6t

= −4 s + 2 s + 7t − 6t
= −2 s + t

Alternative method:

Classwork 8.14 ( page 8.32)

(a) (2 xy + 5 x) + (6 x + 4 xy ) = 2 xy + 5 x + 6 x + 4 xy
= 2 xy + 4 xy + 5 x + 6 x
(c) (6a + 5b − 3c) − (3a − 2b + c) = 6a + 5b − 3c − 3a + 2b − c = 6 xy + 11x
= 6a − 3a + 5b + 2b − 3c − c
= 3a + 7b − 4c

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(b) (7 x3 − 2 x 2 y − 4 y 2 ) + (−5 x3 + 3 y 2 − 4 yx 2 ) (f ) (4 x + y − 9)(−2 xy 2 ) = 4 x(−2 xy 2 ) + y (−2 xy 2 ) − 9(−2 xy 2 )

= 7 x3 − 2 x 2 y − 4 y 2 − 5 x3 + 3 y 2 − 4 x 2 y = −8 x 2 y 2 − 2 xy 3 + 18 xy 2
= 7 x3 − 5 x3 − 2 x 2 y − 4 x 2 y − 4 y 2 + 3 y 2
= 2 x3 − 6 x 2 y − y 2
Classwork 8.18 ( page 8.40)
(c) (3 x 2 y − 5 xy 2 ) − (2 x 2 − 7 yx 2 )
(a) a (3a − 5) − 4a 2 = a (3a ) − a (5) − 4a 2
= 3 x 2 y − 5 xy 2 − 2 x 2 + 7 x 2 y
= 3a 2 − 5a − 4a 2
= 3 x 2 y + 7 x 2 y − 5 xy 2 − 2 x 2
= 3a 2 − 4a 2 − 5a
= 10 x 2 y − 5 xy 2 − 2 x 2
= − a 2 − 5a
(d) (8 x − 3 x y − y ) − (−4 x − 3 yx + x y )
4 2 3 4 2 2
(b) −5b(2 − b 2 ) + 8b = (−5b)(2) − (−5b)(b 2 ) + 8b
4 2 3 4
= 8 x − 3x y − y + 4 x + 3x y − x y 2 2
= −10b + 5b3 + 8b
= 8 x 4 + 4 x 4 − 3x 2 y + 3x 2 y − x 2 y − y 3
= −10b + 8b + 5b3
= 12 x 4 − x 2 y − y 3
= −2b + 5b3

(c) [−a 2 + 3(a − 2)](2) = [−a 2 + 3(a ) − 3(2)](2)

Classwork 8.15 ( page 8.32) = (−a 2 + 3a − 6)(2)
(a) Perimeter = (a + 3) + (b + 2) + (2a − 3) + (5b − 8) = (−a 2 )(2) + 3a (2) − 6(2)
= a + 3 + b + 2 + 2a − 3 + 5b − 8 = −2a 2 + 6a − 12
= a + 2a + b + 5b + 3 + 2 − 3 − 8
= 3a + 6b − 6 (d) (3b − 1)(2b) + (2 − b)(−3b) = 3b(2b) − 1(2b) + 2(−3b) − b(−3b)
= 6b 2 − 2b − 6b + 3b 2
(b) When a = 5 and b = 4 , = 6b 2 + 3b 2 − 2b − 6b
perimeter = 3(5) + 6(4) − 6 = 9b 2 − 8b
= 33

Classwork 8.19 ( page 8.41)

Classwork 8.16 ( page 8.38)
(a) (d + 7)(d + 1) = d (d + 1) + 7(d + 1)
(a) 7(3c + d ) = 7(3c) + 7(d ) = d 2 + d + 7d + 7
= 21c + 7 d
= d 2 + 8d + 7
(b) 6n(2 p − 3q ) = 6n(2 p ) − 6n(3q )
Alternative method:
= 12np − 18nq

(c) x(9 + 4 x) = x(9) + x(4 x)

= 9x + 4x2

(d) 2 x(3 x 2 + x − 4) = 2 x(3 x 2 ) + 2 x( x) − 2 x(4)

= 6 x3 + 2 x 2 − 8 x

(e) −3 y (2 x 2 − xy + y 2 ) = (−3 y )(2 x 2 ) − (−3 y )( xy ) + (−3 y )( y 2 ) (b) (a − 9)(3a + 2) = a (3a + 2) − 9(3a + 2)

= −6 x 2 y + 3 xy 2 − 3 y 3 = 3a 2 + 2a − 27 a − 18
= 3a 2 − 25a − 18
(f ) 4 x 2 y (− x + 2 y − 3) = 4 x 2 y (− x) + 4 x 2 y (2 y ) − 4 x 2 y (3) Alternative method:
= −4 x3 y + 8 x 2 y 2 − 12 x 2 y

Classwork 8.17 ( page 8.39)

(a) (3a + b)(3) = 3a (3) + b(3)
= 9a + 3b

(b) (−r + 2 s )(−4t ) = −r (−4t ) + 2 s (−4t ) (c) (3b − 4)(2b − 3) = 3b(2b − 3) − 4(2b − 3)
= 4rt − 8st = 6b 2 − 9b − 8b + 12
= 6b 2 − 17b + 12
(c) (4 x − 3 y ) y = 4 x( y ) − 3 y ( y )
= 4 xy − 3 y 2 Alternative method:

(d) (−2 y 2 + y + 8)(−3 y ) = −2 y 2 (−3 y ) + y (−3 y ) + 8(−3 y )

= 6 y 3 − 3 y 2 − 24 y

(e) ( x 2 + 3 xy − 2 y 2 )(5 x) = x 2 (5 x) + 3 xy (5 x) − 2 y 2 (5 x)
= 5 x3 + 15 x 2 y − 10 xy 2

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 Textbook  Chapter 8 Polynomials Suggested Solutions

(d) ( x + 2 y )(2 x − y ) = x(2 x − y ) + 2 y (2 x − y ) (c) ( y − 1)(6 y 2 + 6 y + 1) = y (6 y 2 + 6 y + 1) − 1(6 y 2 + 6 y + 1)

= 2 x 2 − xy + 4 xy − 2 y 2 = 6 y3 + 6 y 2 + y − 6 y 2 − 6 y − 1
= 2 x 2 + 3 xy − 2 y 2 = 6 y3 − 5 y − 1

Alternative method: Alternative method:

(e) (3 x + 2 y )(4 x + 3 y ) = 3x(4 x + 3 y ) + 2 y (4 x + 3 y )

= 12 x 2 + 9 xy + 8 xy + 6 y 2 (d) (5 y 2 − 3)(3 y 2 − y + 7) = 5 y 2 (3 y 2 − y + 7) − 3(3 y 2 − y + 7)
= 12 x 2 + 17 xy + 6 y 2 = 15 y 4 − 5 y 3 + 35 y 2 − 9 y 2 + 3 y − 21
= 15 y 4 − 5 y 3 + 26 y 2 + 3 y − 21
Alternative method:
Alternative method:

(f ) (3 y − 2 x)(−2 x + 5 y ) = 3 y (−2 x + 5 y ) − 2 x(−2 x + 5 y )

= −6 xy + 15 y 2 + 4 x 2 − 10 xy
= −6 xy − 10 xy + 15 y 2 + 4 x 2
= −16 xy + 15 y 2 + 4 x 2 Stage Assessment
Alternative method: Stage Assessment 8.1 ( page 8.5)
Part 1: Check Yourself
1.

2.

3.

4.
Classwork 8.20 ( page 8.42) 5.
(a) (2 x 2 + x + 3)(2 x + 1) = (2 x 2 + x + 3)(2 x) + (2 x 2 + x + 3)(1)
= 4 x3 + 2 x 2 + 6 x + 2 x 2 + x + 3 Part 2: Challenge Yourself
= 4 x3 + 4 x 2 + 7 x + 3 1. y m+n = y m × y n
Alternative method: = 3× 9
= 27

2. Area = a 2 × 2a
= 2a 2+1
= 2a 3

(b) (3 x 2 − 5 x + 1)(4 x − 3) = (3 x 2 − 5 x + 1)(4 x) + (3 x 2 − 5 x + 1)( −3) Stage Assessment 8.2 ( page 8.9)
= 12 x3 − 20 x 2 + 4 x − 9 x 2 + 15 x − 3
Part 1: Check Yourself
= 12 x3 − 29 x 2 + 19 x − 3
1.
Alternative method:
2.

3.

4.

5.

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Part 2: Challenge Yourself 2. Order of x a y 6 = a + 6

2 3 4 3
1. (a) (2a ) × 5a = 2 (a ) (5a ) 2 3 4
Order of 2 x5 y a = 5 + a
= 8 × 5 × a 2×3 × a 4 Since a + 6 > 5 + a , the order of the polynomial is a + 6.
= 40a 6+4 ∴ a+6=8
= 40a10 a=2

(b) a 4b × (ab3 ) 4 = a 4b × a 4 (b3 ) 4

= a 4 × b × a 4 × b3×4 Stage Assessment 8.5 ( page 8.24)
= a 4+4b1+12 Part 1: Check Yourself
= a8b13
1.

2.
2. x 2 n = x n×2
= ( x n )2 3.
= 32 4.
=9

Part 2: Challenge Yourself

3. (2 x )3 = 2 x+8 1. When y = 4 ,
2 x×3 = 2 x+8 − y 2 + 6 y − 3 = −42 + 6(4) − 3
23 x = 2 x+8 = −16 + 24 − 3
By comparing the indices, =5
3x = x + 8
3x − x = 8 2 3 2 2
2. −6 − 18t + t − 28 + 11t + 3t − 4t
3

2x = 8 3 3 2 2 2
= t − 4t − 18t + 11t + 3t − 6 − 28
x=4 = −3t 3 − 4t 2 − 34

Stage Assessment 8.3 ( page 8.14) Stage Assessment 8.6 ( page 8.33)
Part 1: Check Yourself Part 1: Check Yourself
1. 1. Required polynomial
2. = (3 x3 + 6 x 2 + 5 x − 7) − (4 x 2 + 5 x − x3 )
= 3x3 + 6 x 2 + 5 x − 7 − 4 x 2 − 5 x + x3
3.
= 3x3 + x3 + 6 x 2 − 4 x 2 + 5 x − 5 x − 7
4. = 4 x3 + 2 x 2 − 7
∴ The answer is B.
Part 2: Challenge Yourself
ax
1. a x− y = 2. Required polynomial
ay
=
32 = (−8 y 3 + 3 y 2 + 4 y ) + ( y 2 + 3 y 3 − 2 y )
8 = −8 y 3 + 3 y 2 + 4 y + y 2 + 3 y 3 − 2 y
=4
= −8 y 3 + 3 y 3 + 3 y 2 + y 2 + 4 y − 2 y
= −5 y 3 + 4 y 2 + 2 y
28 x 2 y 4 ∴ The answer is A.
2. Width =
7 xy 3
= 4 x 2−1 y 4−3
= 4 xy Part 2: Challenge Yourself
1. (4 x3 − 5 x) − (−4 x + 3) + (7 − 8 x3 ) = 4 x3 − 5 x + 4 x − 3 + 7 − 8 x3
= 4 x3 − 8 x3 − 5 x + 4 x − 3 + 7
Stage Assessment 8.4 ( page 8.20) = −4 x3 − x + 4
Part 1: Check Yourself
5 x 4 + 2 x3 − 7 x 2 − x − 12 is a polynomial of order 4 and it consists of 5 terms. 2. (2 x 2 − 3 x + 1) + ( x 2 − 4 x + 3) + (−3 x 2 + 4 x) + (4 x 2 − 2 x) + (−4)
The coefficient of x3 is 2 and the constant term is −12. = 2 x 2 + x 2 − 3x 2 + 4 x 2 − 3x − 4 x + 4 x − 2 x + 1 + 3 − 4
= 4 x2 − 5x
Part 2: Challenge Yourself
1. Suggested answer:
(a) 5x 2
(b) −9xy 3

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 Textbook  Chapter 8 Polynomials Suggested Solutions

∴ The required path is as follows: (c) c3 (6c5 ) = c3 × 6 × c5

= 6 × c3 × c5
= 6 × c3+5
= 6c8

3. (a) 2n8 × 4n = 2 × n8 × 4 × n
= 2 × 4 × n8 × n
= 8n8+1
= 8n9
Stage Assessment 8.7 ( page 8.42)
(b) (3c )(2c ) = 3 × c × 2 × c
2 3 2 3
Part 1: Check Yourself
= 3 × 2 × c × c3
2

1. = 6c 2+3
2. = 6c5

3. 3
(c) (9 y )(5 y ) = 9 × y × 5 × y
3

4. = 9×5× y × y 3

= 45 y1+3
Part 2: Challenge Yourself = 45 y 4

1. (3 x + 2)( x − 1) + 2( x 2 − 3) = 3 x( x − 1) + 2( x − 1) + 2 x 2 − 6
4. (a) −2 p × 4 p = (−2) × p × 4 × p
4 4
= 3x 2 − 3x + 2 x − 2 + 2 x 2 − 6
= 5x2 − x − 8 = (−2) × 4 × p × p 4

= −8 p1+4
= −8 p 5
1
2. (a) Area of trapezium ABCD = × [2 x + (2 x + 5)] × 2( x − 1) cm 2
2 (b) 2r × (−3r 2 ) = 2 × r × (−3) × r 2
= (4 x + 5)( x − 1) cm 2 = 2 × (−3) × r × r 2
= [4 x( x − 1) + 5( x − 1)] cm 2 = −6r1+2
= (4 x 2 − 4 x + 5 x − 5) cm 2 = −6r 3
= (4 x 2 + x − 5) cm 2
(c) (−q )(−2q ) = (−1) × q × (−2) × q
5 5

(b) When x = 5 , = (−1) × (−2) × q 5 × q

area of trapezium ABCD = 2q 5+1
= [4(5) 2 + 5 − 5] cm 2 = 2q 6
= 100 cm 2
5. (a) (−3t )(−5t ) = (−3) × t × (−5) × t
= (−3) × (−5) × t × t
= 15t1+1
Exercise 8A ( page 8.6) = 15t 2

(b) (−2h)(−7 h3 ) = (−2) × h × (−7) × h3

1. (a) a × a 2 = a1+2
= (−2) × (−7) × h × h3
= a3
= 14h1+3
(b) b5 × b = b5+1 = 14h 4
= b6
(c) (−5k 5 )(−8k 3 ) = (−5) × k 5 × (−8) × k 3
3 4
(c) d × d = d 3+ 4 = (−5) × (−8) × k 5 × k 3
= d7 = 40k 5+3
= 40k 8

2. (a) 7e × e3 = 7 × e × e3
= 7 × e1+3 6. (a) a 3 × a 2b = a 3+2b
= 7e 4 = a 5b

(b) mn × m n = m × m × n × n
4 2 4 2
(b) m 4 × 3m 4 = m 4 × 3 × m 4
= 3 × m4 × m4 = m1+4 × n1+2
= 3 × m 4+ 4 = m5 n3
= 3m8

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New Effective Learning Mathematics Teacher’s Reference S1B

2 4 3 2 4
(c) ( y z )( y z ) = y × y × z × z
3
11. (a) 2m × 23 = 2m+3
2+ 4 1+3
= y ×z
(b) 3n × 3n+1 = 3n+n+1
= y6 z 4
= 32 n+1

(c) 5(5m ) = 5m × 5
7. (a) 5st × s = 5 × s × t × s
3 7 3 7

= 5m+1
= 5 × s × s × t3
7

= 5s1+7t 3
= 5 s 8t 3 12. a h+k = a h × a k
= 4 × 32
(b) c d × 7cd = c × d × 7 × c × d
3 2 5 3 2 5
= 128
3
= 7×c ×c×d ×d2 5

= 7c3+1d 2+5
13. a 2 p+q = a p+ p+q
= 7c 4 d 7
= a p × a p × aq
(c) (6 p 7 s 6 )(2 ps 3 ) = 6 × p 7 × s 6 × 2 × p × s 3 = 2× 2×8
= 32
= 6 × 2 × p7 × p × s6 × s3
= 12 p 7+1s 6+3
= 12 p8 s 9 14. a 3 × a n = a11
a 3+n = a11
By comparing the indices,
8. (a) (3aq )(−a q ) = 3 × a × q × (−1) × a × q
2 2 7 2 2 7
3 + n = 11
= 3 × (−1) × a × a × q × q 7
2 2
n=8
= −3a1+2 q 2+7
= −3a 3q 9
15. Area of the parallelogram = 4r × 2r
2 6 4 2 2 6 4
(b) (−9a c )(2a c ) = (−9) × a × c × 2 × a × c
2
= 8r1+1
2 4 6
= (−9) × 2 × a × a × c × c 2
= 8r 2
= −18a 2+4 c 6+2
= −18a 6 c8
16. When a = x, b = 3 x, h = 2 x 2 and = 4 x,
3 6 5 3 3 6
(c) (−3a b )(−5a b ) = (−3) × a × b × (−5) × a × b
5 3 1
capacity of the water tank = ( x + 3 x)(2 x 2 )(4 x)
= (−3) × (−5) × a 3 × a 5 × b6 × b3 2
1
= 15a 3+5b6+3 = (4 x)(2 x 2 )(4 x)
2
= 15a8b9 1
= × 4 × 2 × 4 × x × x2 × x
2
= 16 x1+2+1
9. (a) ( x)( x 2 )( x 4 ) = x1+2+4
= 16 x 4
= x7

(b) a × 4a × 2a = 4 × 2 × a × a × a
2 3 2 3

2+3+1
= 8a
Exercise 8B ( page 8.10)
= 8a 6
1. (a) (d 4 ) 2 = d 4×2
(c) 5c3 × 2c 4 × 3c = 5 × 2 × 3 × c3 × c 4 × c
= d8
= 30c3+4+1
= 30c8 (b) ( s 3 )7 = s 3×7
= s 21
10. (a) (−8 y )( y )(2 y ) = (−8) × 2 × y × y × y
2 5 2 2 5 2
(c) (t 7 ) 4 = t 7×4
= −16 y 2+5+2
= t 28
= −16 y 9

(b) −3h × 4h × (−5h ) = (−3) × 4 × (−5) × h × h × h

2 3 4 2 3 4
2. (a) (d 3e) 4 = (d 3 ) 4 e 4
2+3+ 4
= 60h = d 3×4 e 4
= 60h9 = d 12 e 4

 z4  1 (b) (rs 2 )7 = r 7 ( s 2 )7
(c) (−6 z )(−3 z 3 )   = (−6) × (−3) × × z × z 3 × z 4
 2  2 = r 7 s 2×7
= 9 z1+3+4 = r 7 s14
= 9 z8

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 Textbook  Chapter 8 Polynomials Suggested Solutions

(c) (a 7 c8 ) 2 = (a 7 ) 2 (c8 ) 2 (c) (−3s 2t 6 ) 2 = (−3) 2 ( s 2 ) 2 (t 6 ) 2

= a 7×2 c8×2 = 9 s 2×2t 6×2
= a14 c16 = 9 s 4t12

3. (a) (e5 × e)6 = (e5+1 )6 8. (a) −(−c5 ) 2 = −1(−1) 2 (c5 ) 2

= (e 6 ) 6 = −c5×2
= e6×6 = −c10
= e36
(b) (−k )3 (−k 2 ) = (−1)3 (k 3 )(−1)(k 2 )
4 9 3
(b) (d × d ) = (d ) 4+9 3
= (−1)(−1)(k 3 )(k 2 )
= (d 13 )3 = k 3+2
= d 13×3 = k5
= d 39
(c) −(−2 p 3q )3 = −(−2)3 ( p 3 )3 (q 3 )
8 2 2
(c) (d × d ) = (d ) 8+ 2 2
= −(−8) p 3×3q 3
= (d 10 ) 2 = 8 p9 q3
= d 10×2
= d 20
9. (a) (−3m)(3m7 ) 2 = (−3)(m)(32 )(m7 ) 2
= (−3) × m × 9 × m7×2
4. (a) (2a 2 )5 = (25 )(a 2 )5 = (−3) × 9 × m × m14
= 32a 2×5 = −27 m1+14
= 32a10 = −27 m15

(b) (3r ) = (3 )(r )

4 3 3 4 3
(b) (4 xy 2 )( xy ) 2 = 4 × x × y 2 × x 2 × y 2
4×3
= 27 r = 4 x1+2 y 2+2
= 27 r12 = 4 x3 y 4

(c) (2t 6 )3 = (23 )(t 6 )3 (c) [(a 2b3 ) 2 ]4 = [(a 2 ) 2 (b3 ) 2 ]4

= 8t 6×3 = (a 2×2b3×2 ) 4
= 8t18 = ( a 4b 6 ) 4
= (a 4 ) 4 (b6 ) 4
5. (a) (− s )3 = (−1)3 ( s 3 ) = a 4×4b6×4
= −s3 = a16b 24

(b) (− r )6 = (−1)6 (r 6 )
10. (a) 210 × 0.510 = (2 × 0.5)10
= r6
= 110
2 4
(c) −(t ) = −t
2×4 =1
= −t 8
7 7
1 1 
(b)   × 47 =  × 4 
2 2 
6. (a) (−3c5 )3 = (−3)3 (c5 )3 = 27
= −27c5×3 = 128
= −27c15 18 18
1 1
(c) 320 ×   = 32+18 ×  
7 2
(b) (−2t ) = (−2) (t ) 2 7 2
3 3
18
= 4t 7×2 18  1 
2
= 3 ×3 × 
= 4t14 3
18
2  1
(c) (−5a 2 ) 2 = (−5) 2 (a 2 ) 2 = 3 ×  3× 
 3
= 25a 2×2 = 32 × 118
= 25a 4 =9

7. (a) (7 q 3r ) 2 = (7 2 )(q 3 ) 2 (r 2 ) 11. a 3m = a m×3

= 49q 3×2 r 2 = ( a m )3
= 49q 6 r 2 = 53
= 125
(b) (2r 5 s 3 ) 4 = (24 )(r 5 ) 4 ( s 3 ) 4
= 16r 5×4 s 3×4
= 16r 20 s12

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New Effective Learning Mathematics Teacher’s Reference S1B

2
12. ( x y ) = ( x ) ( y )
p 2 p p
d6 1
(b) =
2× p
= ( x )( y p ) d 8 d 8− 6
= ( x p×2 )( y p ) 1
= 2
= ( x p )2 ( y p ) d
= 42 (9) n 1
= 144 (c) =
n3 n3−1
1
= 2
n
13. (3a 54 )7 = 3355b
a 7
(3 ) (54 )7 = 3355b
3a×754×7 = 3355b 35a 5
3. (a) = 35a 5−1
37 a 528 = 3355b a
= 35a 4
By comparing the indices,
7 a = 35 r7 1
a=5 (b) =
12r 9 12r 9−7
1
b = 28 =
12r 2

14. Volume of the cube = 3c × 3c × 3c d8 1

(c) =
= 27c 3 2d 12 2d 12−8
1
Volume of the solid = 27c3 × 6 =
2d 4
= 162c3

12b7
15. (a) Width of each rectangle = (2 pq ) 2 ÷ 2 4. (a) = 3b7−3
4b3
22 p 2 q 2 = 3b 4
=
2
= 2 p2q2 6t 1
(b) =
48t 2 8t 2−1
(b) Area of each rectangle = (2 pq ) 2 × 2 p 2 q 2 1
=
= 22 × p 2 × q 2 × 2 × p 2 × q 2 8t
= 23 p 2 + 2 q 2 + 2
12e 2 2
= 8 p4q4 (c) =
18e5 3e5−2
∴ Area of the figure = 8 p 4 q 4 × 6 2
= 3
3e
= 48 p 4 q 4

−20c9
5. (a) = −2c9−3
10c3
= −2c 6
Exercise 8C ( page 8.14)
6 p3
(b) 6 p 3 ÷ (−30 p 2 ) =
8 a8 3 −30 p 2
1. (a) a ÷ a = 3
a p 3−2
= a8−3 =
−5
= a5 p
=−
5
b4
(b) = b 4− 2
b2 −4e7 2
(c) =
= b2 −18e9 9e9−7
2
= 2
e5 9e
(c) e5 ÷ e 4 =
e4
= e 5− 4
=e b5 d 2 b5−1
6. (a) = 6− 2
bd 6 d
b4
c2 = 4
2. (a) c 2 ÷ c3 = d
c3
1
= 3−2 c8 e9
c (b) = c8−4 e9−3
1 c 4 e3
= = c 4 e6
c

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 Textbook  Chapter 8 Polynomials Suggested Solutions

a2d 4 1 (−2 z 3 ) 2 (−2) 2 ( z 3 ) 2

(c) = (c) =
a 6 d 7 a 6− 2 d 7 − 4 2z4 2z4
1
= 4 3 4 z 3×2
=
a d 2z4
2z6
= 4
z
10c 6 d 7 = 2 z 6− 4
7. (a) = 2c 6−2 d 7−6
5c 2 d 6 = 2z2
= 2c 4 d

18d 3e6 9 1 15c 6 1

(b) = 10. (a) 15c 6 ÷ c 2 × = 2 ×
10d 7 e9 5d 7−3e9−6 5c c 5c
9
= 4 3 15c 6−2
5d e =
5c
3c 4
20a 5e7 4a 5−4 e7−2 =
(c) = c
45a 4 e 2 9 = 3c 4−1
4ae5 = 3c3
=
9
2d 4 1
(b) × 3d = 8−4 × 3d
4d 8 2d
−40b 4 c −8b 4−3 3d
8. (a) = =
15b3c 7 3c 7−1 2d 4
8b 3
=− 6 =
3c 2d 4−1
3
35c 9 d = 3
(b) 35c 9 d ÷ (−15c 2 d 7 ) = 2d
−15c 2 d 7
7 c 9− 2 4e5 × 5e3 20e5+3
= (c) =
−3d 7−1 14e6 14e6
7c 7 20e8
=− 6 =
3d 14e6
10e8−6
=
−7 a 7 e 2 a 7−5 7
(c) = 6− 2
−14a e5 6
2e 10e 2
=
a2 7
= 4
2e

h8 h8
5 2 2 5 2 11. (a) =
(3 y ) 3 (y ) (4h )(3h) 12h5+1
5
9. (a) =
3 y3 3 y3 h8
2 5×2 =
3 y 12h6
=
3 y3 h8−6
=
32 y10 12
= h2
3 y3 =
= 3 y10−3 12
= 3 y7
(6r 2 )(−5r 6 ) −30r 2+6
(b) =
(−2r ) 2 (−2) 2 r 2
x3 x3
(b) = 3 2 3 −30r 8
2 3
(2 x ) 2 (x ) =
4r 2
x3 −15r 8−2
= 3 2×3 =
2 x 2
x3 15r 6
= 6 =−
8x 2
1
= 6−3
8x
1
= 3
8x

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New Effective Learning Mathematics Teacher’s Reference S1B

−9m 4 −9m 4 2ab × 6ab3 12a1+1b1+3

(c) = (c) =
(−2m)3 (3m) 2 (−2)3 m3 32 m 2 4a 3b 2 4a 3b 2
−9m 4 12a 2b 4
= =
(−8) × 9 × m3 × m 2 4a 3b 2
m4 3b 4−2
= = 3−2
8m3+2 a
m4 3b 2
= =
8m5 a
1
=
8m5−4
1 (3 xy 2 )(4 y 3 ) 12 xy 2+3
= 14. (a) =
8m 12 x 2 y 12 x 2 y
xy 5
= 2
x y
x5 x5
12. (a) = 4 2 3 2 y 5−1
4 3 2
(x y ) (x ) ( y ) = 2−1
x
x5
= 4×2 3×2 y4
x y =
x
x5
= 8 6
x y 9 xy 4 9 xy 4
1 (b) =
= 8−5 6 ( x3 y ) 2 (15 y ) ( x3 ) 2 y 2 (15 y )
x y
9 xy 4
1 =
= 3 6 15 x3×2 y 2+1
x y
9 xy 4
=
15 x 6 y 3
( x 2 y )3 ( x 2 )3 y 3
(b) = 3 y 4−3
xy 2 xy 2 = 6−1
2×3 3 5x
x y
= 3y
xy 2 = 5
6 3
5x
x y
=
xy 2 (2 x3 y )3 23 ( x 3 ) 3 y 3
(c) = 2 2 2 3 2 2 4 2 2
= x 6−1 y 3−2 2 3 2 4
(5 x y ) (4 x y ) 2
5 (x ) ( y ) 4 (x ) y
= x5 y 8 x3×3 y 3
=
25 x y 16 x 4×2 y 2
2×2 3×2

x7 y9 x7 y9 8 x9 y 3
(c) 4 5
= 5 4 5 =
( xy ) x (y ) 400 x 4+8 y 6+2
x7 y9 x9 y 3
= 5 4×5 =
x y 50 x12 y 8
x7 y9 1
= 5 20 =
x y 50 x12−9 y 8−3
x 7−5 1
= 20−9 =
y 50 x3 y 5
x2
= 11
y
32 m
15. (a) 32 m ÷ 3m =
3m
9a 3b 2 = 32 m−m
13. (a) ÷ b = 3a 3−2b 2 ÷ b
3a 2 = 3m
3ab 2
=
b 53m+1
(b) 53m+1 ÷ 53m+3 =
= 3ab 2−1 53m+3
= 3ab 1
=
53m+3−(3m+1)
ab 2
1 1
(b) × 16a 2 = × 16a 2 =
12a 3b 2 12a 3−2b 2−1 53m+3−3m−1
16a 2 1
=
= 52
12ab
1
4a 2−1 =
= 25
3b
4a
=
3b

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 Textbook  Chapter 8 Polynomials Suggested Solutions

7 4 m+1 1
(c) 7 4 m+1 ÷ 7 2 m−1 = 20. Area of the triangle = × Base × Height
7 2 m−1 2
= 7 4 m+1−(2 m−1) ∴ 20a 3b =
1
× Base × 4ab 2
= 7 4 m+1−2 m+1 2
= 7 2 m+ 2 2 × 20a 3b
= Base
4ab 2
40a 3−1
Base =
16. (a) When n = 3, 4b 2−1
n7 ÷ n3 = 37 ÷ 33 10a 2
=
= 37−3 b
= 34
= 81

(b) When n = 3, Exercise 8D ( page 8.25)

2n7 2(3)7
= Coefficient of
6n5 6(3)5 Number Constant Order of
1. Polynomial
of terms term polynomial
2 × 37 x x2 x3 xy
=
6 × 35 (a) 9 x3 − 2 x 2 + 3 x − 6 4 3 −2 9 0 −6 3
37−5
= (b) 4 xy − 2 x3 + x 3 1 0 −2 4 0 3
3
= 32−1 (c) 2
7x − x + 9 3 7 −1 0 0 9 2
=3
x 3 1 3
(d) 6 xy − + 3 − 0 0 6 2
3 2 3 2
(c) When n = 3 ,

(n 4 ) 2 (34 ) 2 2. (a) 7e + 2e = 9e
=
(n 2 )3 (32 )3
34×2 (b) 4b + 3b = 7b
= 2×3
3
(c) 8a + a = 9a
38
= 6
3
= 38−6 3. (a) 9r − 3r = 6r
= 32
=9 (b) 6 p − 5 p = p

(c) −4 s + 7 s = 3s
x3 y p x
17. q 5 = 3
x y y 4. (a) 4u − 9u = −5u
x3−q x
=
y 5− p y 3 (b) 5v − 6v = −v

By comparing the indices, (c) −2 w − 4 w = −6 w

5− p =3
p = 5−3
=2 5. (a) 5r + 8r − 4r = 13r − 4r
= 9r
3− q =1
q = 3 −1 (b) 2 s − 3s + 6 s = − s + 6 s
=2 = 5s

(c) −8a + 3a − 4a = −5a − 4a

y−x ay = −9a
18. a = x
a
256
= 6. (a) 6t + 5 − 2t − 4 = 6t − 2t + 5 − 4
16 = 4t + 1
= 16
(b) r − 9 + 4 + 3r = r + 3r − 9 + 4
= 4r − 5
p
1 x
19. = 1÷ q
x p −q x (c) −8s − 2 + 6 s + 8 = −8s + 6s − 2 + 8
xq = −2 s + 6
= 1× p
x
27
= 7. (a) t + 5s + 9t − 4 s = t + 9t + 5s − 4 s
243
= 10t + s
1
=
9

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(b) −5r − 4 s − 7 r + 9s = −5r − 7r − 4s + 9s (b) In ascending powers: y − 2 y 4 − 8 y 5 − 3 y 6

= −12r + 5s

(c) −8a − 2b + 8a + b = −8a + 8a − 2b + b In descending powers: −3 y 6 − 8 y 5 − 2 y 4 + y

= −b
(c) In ascending powers: −3 + 4 y 2 − y 3 + 6 y 5 + 5 y 6

8. (a) c + 3d − 5c + 4d + 6c = c − 5c + 6c + 3d + 4d In descending powers: 5 y 6 + 6 y 5 − y 3 + 4 y 2 − 3

= −4c + 6c + 7 d
= 2c + 7 d
14. (a) xy + 3 yz − 2 yx = xy − 2 xy + 3 yz
(b) 4 x − 10 y + 5 y − 7 x − 2 x = 4 x − 7 x − 2 x − 10 y + 5 y = − xy + 3 yz
= −3 x − 2 x − 5 y
= −5 x − 5 y (b) 2ab + 3ac − 4ab + 6ac = 2ab − 4ab + 3ac + 6ac
= −2ab + 9ac
(c) 12 + 8a + 4b − 9 − 2b = 12 − 9 + 8a + 4b − 2b
= 3 + 8a + 2b
15. (a) 9 x 2 y 2 + 3 xy − 5 x 2 y 2 − 7 xy + xy
= 9 x 2 y 2 − 5 x 2 y 2 + 3 xy − 7 xy + xy
9. (a) 6t 2 + 5t + 4t 2 + 7t = 6t 2 + 4t 2 + 5t + 7t
= 4 x 2 y 2 − 3 xy
= 10t 2 + 12t

(b) −7 a b + 9ab + 6ba − 8ab − a b + 3ab

2 2 2 2 2
(b) 5s 2 − 4 s − 2 s 2 − 4 s = 5s 2 − 2 s 2 − 4 s − 4 s
= 3s 2 − 8s = −7 a b + 6a b − a b + 9ab − 8ab 2 + 3ab
2 2 2 2

= −2a 2b + ab 2 + 3ab
(c) −3u 2 + u + 4u 2 − 5u = −3u 2 + 4u 2 + u − 5u
= u 2 − 4u
16. (a) 2 + 3 x 2 − 2 x + 5 + 9 x = 2 + 5 − 2 x + 9 x + 3 x 2
= 7 + 7 x + 3x 2
10. (a) 11u 2 − 3u − 8u 2 + 3u = 11u 2 − 8u 2 − 3u + 3u
= 3u 2 (b) x − 5 x3 − 2 x 2 + x 2 + 6 x3 = x − 2 x 2 + x 2 − 5 x 3 + 6 x 3
= x − x 2 + x3
(b) −2v 2 + 6v − 5v 2 − 10v = −2v 2 − 5v 2 + 6v − 10v
= −7v 2 − 4v
17. (a) 7 y − 3 − 5 y 2 − 4 y − 6 y 2 − 2 y
(c) − w3 + 2 w3 − 7 w + 3w3 + 4 w = − w3 + 2 w3 + 3w3 − 7 w + 4 w = −3 + 7 y − 4 y − 2 y − 5 y 2 − 6 y 2
= w3 + 3w3 − 3w = −3 + y − 11 y 2
= 4 w3 − 3w
(b) 1 − 2 y + 3 y 2 − 4 y + 5 y 2 − 6 y 3 + 7 − 8 y 2
11. (a) 4 x 2 − 5 x − x 2 + 1 + 5 x = 4 x 2 − x 2 − 5 x + 5 x + 1 = 1 + 7 − 2 y − 4 y + 3 y 2 + 5 y 2 − 8 y 2 − 6 y3
= 8 − 6 y − 6 y3
= 3x 2 + 1

(b) 4 y + 7 y − 6 y − 4 y + 1 = 4 y − 4 y + 7 y − 6 y + 1
2 3 3 2 2 2 3 3

18. (a) 5 x + 3 − 12 x + 7 x 2 − 8 = 7 x 2 + 5 x − 12 x + 3 − 8
3
= y +1
= 7 x2 − 7 x − 5
(c) x 2 − 1 − y 2 + 1 + 4 x 2 − 2 y 2 = x 2 + 4 x 2 − 1 + 1 − y 2 − 2 y 2
(b) 2 x 2 − 4 x − 6 x3 − 5 x 2 + 8 x3 = −6 x3 + 8 x3 + 2 x 2 − 5 x 2 − 4 x
= 5x2 − 3 y 2
= 2 x3 − 3x 2 − 4 x

12. (a) In ascending powers: 3 − 2 x + 6 x 2 19. (a) −2 y 2 − 8 y + 6 y 3 + 5 y 2 + 2 y − 3 y 2

= 6 y3 − 2 y 2 + 5 y 2 − 3 y 2 − 8 y + 2 y
In descending powers: 6 x 2 − 2 x + 3
= 6 y3 − 6 y
(b) In ascending powers: 11 + 7 x + 9 x 2 − 2 x3
(b) y + 3 y − 9 + y − 7 y − 5 y + 4 y − 2
3 2 3

In descending powers: −2 x3 + 9 x 2 + 7 x + 11 = y3 − 5 y3 + y 2 + 3 y − 7 y + 4 y − 9 − 2
= −4 y 3 + y 2 − 11
(c) In ascending powers: x + 10 x 2 − 9 x3 − 3 x 4

In descending powers: −3 x 4 − 9 x3 + 10 x 2 + x
20. (a) When m = 2 ,
−2m + 3 + m3 = −2(2) + 3 + 23
13. (a) In ascending powers: −7 − y 2 + 5 y 3 + 2 y 5 = −4 + 3 + 8
=7
In descending powers: 2 y 5 + 5 y 3 − y 2 − 7

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 Textbook  Chapter 8 Polynomials Suggested Solutions

(b) When m = −1 , 2. (a) (6t + 2) + (t + 4) = 6t + 2 + t + 4

3
−2m + 3 + m = −2(−1) + 3 + (−1) 3 = 6t + t + 2 + 4
= 2 + 3 + (−1) = 7t + 6
= 2 + 3 −1
(b) (3d − 5) + (4d + 8) = 3d − 5 + 4d + 8
=4
= 3d + 4d − 5 + 8
= 7d + 3
21. (a) When e = 1 and f = 3,
(c) (9c − 3) + (6 − 4c) = 9c − 3 + 6 − 4c
3e 2 + 4ef − f 3 = 3(1) 2 + 4(1)(3) − 33 = 9c − 4c − 3 + 6
= 3 + 12 − 27 = 5c + 3
= −12
(d) (3 − 6a ) + (−7 a − 6) = 3 − 6a − 7 a − 6
(b) When e = −2 and f = −1 , = 3 − 6 − 6a − 7 a
= −3 − 13a
3e 2 + 4ef − f 3 = 3(−2) 2 + 4(−2)(−1) − (−1)3
= 3(4) + 8 − (−1)
= 12 + 8 + 1 3. (a) (9 s + 3t ) + (t − 4 s ) = 9 s + 3t + t − 4 s
= 21 = 9 s − 4 s + 3t + t
= 5s + 4t

22. −7 a m−2b 4 and 5a 3b n−5 are like terms. (b) (−5r + 6 s ) + (r − 8s ) = −5r + 6 s + r − 8s
= −5r + r + 6 s − 8s
∴ m−2=3
= −4r − 2 s
m=5
(c) (9b − 4e) + (−4e − 9b) = 9b − 4e − 4e − 9b
4 = n−5
= 9b − 9b − 4e − 4e
4+5= n
= −8e
n=9
(d) (−5b − 2c) + (3b − 3c) = −5b − 2c + 3b − 3c
= −5b + 3b − 2c − 3c
23. (a) There are 3 terms in this polynomial.
= −2b − 5c
n3 n 2 n
(b) The terms of the polynomial are , and ,
3 2 6 4. (a)

1 1 1
and their coefficients are , and respectively.
3 2 6
(b)
(c) When n = 9 ,
n 3 n 2 n 93 9 2 9
+ + = + +
3 2 6 3 2 6
81 3
= 243 + + 5. (a) (8c − 3) − (6c − 5) = 8c − 3 − 6c + 5
2 2
= 285 = 8c − 6c − 3 + 5
= 2c + 2
∴ In a 9 × 9 grid, there are 285 squares.
(b) (8 − 7t ) − (1 − 2t ) = 8 − 7t − 1 + 2t
= 8 − 1 − 7t + 2t
24. (a) The order of the polynomial is 2 .
= 7 − 5t
(b) When n = 10,
(c) (5 p − 8) − (6 − 4 p ) = 5 p − 8 − 6 + 4 p
1 2 3 = 5p + 4p −8− 6
N= n − n
2 2 = 9 p − 14
1 3
2
= (10) − (10)
2 2 (d) (7 a + 3) − (8a + 1) = 7 a + 3 − 8a − 1
= 50 − 15 = 7 a − 8a + 3 − 1
= 35 = −a + 2
∴ The total number of diagonals in a 10-sided polygon is 35 .
6. (a) (3b − 4d ) − (5d + 2b) = 3b − 4d − 5d − 2b
= 3b − 2b − 4d − 5d
= b − 9d
Exercise 8E ( page 8.33)
(b) (7c − 3b) − (2c − 5b) = 7c − 3b − 2c + 5b
1. (a) = 7c − 2c − 3b + 5b
= 5c + 2b

(c) (2a + b) − (5b − 6a ) = 2a + b − 5b + 6a

(b) = 2a + 6a + b − 5b
= 8a − 4b

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New Effective Learning Mathematics Teacher’s Reference S1B

(d) (−2 p − 5q ) − (q − 2 p ) = −2 p − 5q − q + 2 p 11. (a)

= −2 p + 2 p − 5q − q
= −6q

7. (a) (a + 5d + 1) + (3d + 2a + 5) = a + 5d + 1 + 3d + 2a + 5 (b)

= a + 2a + 5d + 3d + 1 + 5
= 3a + 8d + 6

(b) (3 p + 6q + 3) + (5 p − 7 q − 2) = 3 p + 6q + 3 + 5 p − 7 q − 2
= 3 p + 5 p + 6q − 7 q + 3 − 2 12. (a)
= 8 p − q +1

(c) (9b + 7 a − 6) + (a − 3b + 4) = 9b + 7 a − 6 + a − 3b + 4
= 9b − 3b + 7 a + a − 6 + 4
(b)
= 6b + 8a − 2

(d) (7b + 9d − 1) + (−7b − 4d − 5) = 7b + 9d − 1 − 7b − 4d − 5

= 7b − 7b + 9d − 4d − 1 − 5
= 5d − 6
13. (a) (3a 2 + 2a + 4) + (a 2 − 5a + 1) = 3a 2 + 2a + 4 + a 2 − 5a + 1
= 3a 2 + a 2 + 2a − 5a + 4 + 1
8. (a) (4a − 5e − 9) − (8a − 4e − 7) = 4a − 5e − 9 − 8a + 4e + 7
= 4a 2 − 3a + 5
= 4a − 8a − 5e + 4e − 9 + 7
= −4a − e − 2 (b) (7 − b + b 2 ) + (3b − 2 − b 2 ) = 7 − b + b 2 + 3b − 2 − b 2
(b) (5e − 8d + 9) − (−3e − 8d + 5) = 5e − 8d + 9 + 3e + 8d − 5 = b 2 − b 2 − b + 3b + 7 − 2
= 5e + 3e − 8d + 8d + 9 − 5 = 2b + 5
= 8e + 4
(c) (t + 9t 2 − 6) + (1 + 4t − 8t 2 ) = t + 9t 2 − 6 + 1 + 4t − 8t 2
(c) (−2 s + 7t + 2) − (5t + 6 s + 1) = −2 s + 7t + 2 − 5t − 6 s − 1 = 9t 2 − 8t 2 + t + 4t − 6 + 1
= −2 s − 6 s + 7t − 5t + 2 − 1 = t 2 + 5t − 5
= −8s + 2t + 1
(d) (3 g 2 − 8 − 9 g ) + (5 g − 6 g 2 + 2) = 3g 2 − 8 − 9 g + 5 g − 6 g 2 + 2
(d) (−2r − p + 2) − (−4 p − 5r + 9) = −2r − p + 2 + 4 p + 5r − 9
= 3g 2 − 6 g 2 − 9 g + 5 g − 8 + 2
= −2r + 5r − p + 4 p + 2 − 9
= 3r + 3 p − 7 = −3 g 2 − 4 g − 6

9. (a) (4 s + 3t + 9r ) + ( s − 3t − 8r ) = 4 s + 3t + 9r + s − 3t − 8r 14. (a) (4d 2 − 3d − 2) − (3d 2 − d + 3) = 4d 2 − 3d − 2 − 3d 2 + d − 3

= 4 s + s + 3t − 3t + 9r − 8r = 4d 2 − 3d 2 − 3d + d − 2 − 3
= 5s + r = d 2 − 2d − 5
(b) ( p + 6q + 3r ) + (q + 5 p − 3r ) = p + 6q + 3r + q + 5 p − 3r
(b) (−5e + 8e 2 − 3) − (4e 2 + 2e − 1) = −5e + 8e 2 − 3 − 4e 2 − 2e + 1
= p + 5 p + 6q + q + 3r − 3r
= 6 p + 7q = 8e 2 − 4e 2 − 5e − 2e − 3 + 1
= 4e 2 − 7e − 2
(c) (−2a + 5b + 8c) + (9a + 4b − 7c) = −2a + 5b + 8c + 9a + 4b − 7c
= −2a + 9a + 5b + 4b + 8c − 7c (c) (9 s 2 + 1 − 2 s ) − (4 − 7 s 2 + 13s ) = 9 s 2 + 1 − 2 s − 4 + 7 s 2 − 13s
= 7 a + 9b + c = 9 s 2 + 7 s 2 − 2 s − 13s + 1 − 4
= 16 s 2 − 15s − 3
(d) (−b + 5a + 4c) + (−7b − 9a − 8c) = −b + 5a + 4c − 7b − 9a − 8c
= −b − 7b + 5a − 9a + 4c − 8c (d) (−m 2 − 7 m + 11) − (4m + 7 − 9m 2 ) = − m 2 − 7 m + 11 − 4m − 7 + 9m 2
= −8b − 4a − 4c
= −m 2 + 9m 2 − 7 m − 4m + 11 − 7
= 8m 2 − 11m + 4
10. (a) (7 a + 9b − 5c) − (5a + 6b − 6c) = 7 a + 9b − 5c − 5a − 6b + 6c
= 7 a − 5a + 9b − 6b − 5c + 6c
15. (a) (−3h + 6h + 5) + (7 − 4h) = −3h + 6h + 5 + 7 − 4h
2 2
= 2a + 3b + c
2
= 6h − 3h − 4h + 5 + 7
(b) (a − 7 d − 3c) − (− a − 6b − 8c) = a − 7 d − 3c + a + 6d + 8c
= 6h 2 − 7 h + 12
= a + a − 7 d + 6d − 3c + 8c
= 2a − d + 5c
(b) (5 − 3k ) + (2k + 3k − 6) = 5 − 3k + 2k + 3k − 6
2 2 2 2

(c) (t + s + 5u ) − (t + 3s + 2u ) = t + s + 5u − t − 3s − 2u
2 2
= −3k + 2k + 3k + 5 − 6
= t − t + s − 3s + 5u − 2u = −k 2 + 3k − 1
= −2 s + 3u
(c) (−2n + 3) + (n − 3n ) = −2n + 3 + n − 3n
2 2 2 2

(d) (−8s + 6r + 2t ) − (−5s − 3r + 2t ) = −8s + 6r + 2t + 5s + 3r − 2t 2 2

= −2n − 3n + n + 3
= −8s + 5s + 6r + 3r + 2t − 2t
= −5n 2 + n + 3
= −3s + 9r

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 Textbook  Chapter 8 Polynomials Suggested Solutions

2
(d) ( − ) + (2 − 5 2 ) = 2 − + 2 − 5 2 21. (a) (a 2 + 3a ) + (4a 2 + 5) + (4 − a 2 ) = a 2 + 3a + 4a 2 + 5 + 4 − a 2
= 2 −5 2 − +2 = a 2 + 4a 2 − a 2 + 3a + 5 + 4
= −4 2 − + 2 = 4a 2 + 3a + 9

(b) (9 − b 2 ) − (2b 2 − 4b) + (2b + 3) = 9 − b 2 − 2b 2 + 4b + 2b + 3

16. (a) (7 p 2 − 8 p + 1) − (3 + 2 p 2 ) = 7 p 2 − 8 p + 1 − 3 − 2 p 2 = −b 2 − 2b 2 + 4b + 2b + 9 + 3
= 7 p2 − 2 p2 − 8 p + 1 − 3 = −3b 2 + 6b + 12
= 5 p2 − 8 p − 2

2 2
(b) (3q − 2) − (8 + q − 5q ) = 3q − 2 − 8 − q + 5q 22. (a) (4 − 3 x) − (2 x 2 − 4 x − 5) + (5 x − 2)
2
= −q + 3q + 5q − 2 − 8 = 4 − 3x − 2 x 2 + 4 x + 5 + 5 x − 2
= −q 2 + 8q − 10 = −2 x 2 − 3 x + 4 x + 5 x + 4 + 5 − 2
= −2 x 2 + 6 x + 7
(c) (1 − 9r 2 ) − (3r − 4) = 1 − 9r 2 − 3r + 4
(b) (−7 + 4 y 2 ) − [(3 y − 12) − (6 y 2 + y + 8)]
= −9r 2 − 3r + 1 + 4
= −7 + 4 y 2 − (3 y − 12 − 6 y 2 − y − 8)
= −9r 2 − 3r + 5
= −7 + 4 y 2 − 3 y + 12 + 6 y 2 + y + 8
(d) (6 s − 5) − (−8s + 4 s 2 ) = 6 s − 5 + 8s − 4s 2 = 4 y 2 + 6 y 2 − 3 y + y − 7 + 12 + 8
= −4 s 2 + 6 s + 8s − 5 = 10 y 2 − 2 y + 13
= −4 s 2 + 14 s − 5

23. (a) (4 x − 3 x 2 + x3 ) + (5 x3 − 2 + 6 x 2 )
17. (a) (4a 2 − 3ab) + (2ab − 5a 2 ) = 4a 2 − 3ab + 2ab − 5a 2 = 4 x − 3x 2 + x3 + 5 x3 − 2 + 6 x 2
= 4a 2 − 5a 2 − 3ab + 2ab = 4 x − 3x 2 + 6 x 2 + x3 + 5 x3 − 2
= −a 2 − ab = 4 x + 3x 2 + 6 x3 − 2

(b) (7 p 2 − 3 pq − 2q 2 ) − ( p 2 + q 2 ) = 7 p 2 − 3 pq − 2q 2 − p 2 − q 2 (b) When x = 1 ,

= 7 p 2 − p 2 − 3 pq − 2q 2 − q 2 4 x + 3 x 2 + 6 x3 − 2 = 4(1) + 3(1) 2 + 6(1)3 − 2
= 6 p 2 − 3 pq − 3q 2 = 4+3+6− 2
= 11

18. (a) (a 2 + 3ab + c 2 ) − (c 2 − a 2 − 3ab)

24. (a) (9 − 2 y − 6 y 3 ) − (−2 y 2 − 4 y 3 + 3)
= a 2 + 3ab + c 2 − c 2 + a 2 + 3ab
= a 2 + a 2 + 3ab + 3ab + c 2 − c 2 = 9 − 2 y − 6 y3 + 2 y 2 + 4 y3 − 3
= 2a 2 + 6ab = 9 − 3 − 2 y − 6 y3 + 4 y3 + 2 y 2
= 6 − 2 y − 2 y3 + 2 y 2
(b) (5 x + 3 y − 2 xy ) + (−3 xy + x + 2 y )
3 2 3 2

3 2 3
= 5 x + 3 y − 2 xy − 3 xy + x + 2 y 2 (b) When y = −2 ,
= 5 x3 + x3 + 3 y 2 + 2 y 2 − 2 xy − 3 xy 6 − 2 y − 2 y 3 + 2 y 2 = 6 − 2(−2) − 2(−2)3 + 2(−2) 2
= 6 x3 + 5 y 2 − 5 xy = 6 + 4 + 16 + 8
= 34

19. (a) (9 + 6 p 2 q + 4q 2 p − p 4 ) + (2 p 4 + 5 pq 2 − 12)

25. (a) (3a 2 − ab + 5b 2 ) + (5ab − 4b 2 + a 2 + 7)
= 9 + 6 p 2 q + 4q 2 p − p 4 + 2 p 4 + 5 pq 2 − 12
= 3a 2 − ab + 5b 2 + 5ab − 4b 2 + a 2 + 7
= 9 − 12 + 6 p 2 q + 4 pq 2 + 5 pq 2 − p 4 + 2 p 4
= 3a 2 + a 2 − ab + 5ab + 5b 2 − 4b 2 + 7
= −3 + 6 p 2 q + 9 pq 2 + p 4
= 4a 2 + 4ab + b 2 + 7
(b) (8 p − 4 p q + 4q + 5) − (3 p − 6qp + 5q )
4 2 2 4 2 2
(b) When a = 3 and b = 2 ,
4 2 2 4
= 8 p − 4 p q + 4q + 5 − 3 p + 6qp − 5q 2 2

4a 2 + 4ab + b 2 + 7 = 4(3) 2 + 4(3)(2) + 22 + 7

= 8 p 4 − 3 p 4 − 4 p 2 q + 6 p 2 q + 4 q 2 − 5q 2 + 5
= 36 + 24 + 4 + 7
= 5 p4 + 2 p2q − q2 + 5
= 71

26. (a) (2h − 9k − 3hk ) − (6 − 7 h + 5kh − k )

2 2 2 2
20. (a) (r 2 − 5r − 3r 3 + 2) + (6 − 2r 2 + 4r )
= r 2 − 5r − 3r 3 + 2 + 6 − 2r 2 + 4r
2 2 2
= 2h − 9k − 3hk − 6 + 7 h − 5kh + k 2

= −3r 3 + r 2 − 2r 2 − 5r + 4r + 2 + 6 = 2h 2 + 7 h 2 − 9k 2 + k 2 − 3hk − 5hk − 6

= −3r 3 − r 2 − r + 8 = 9h 2 − 8k 2 − 8hk − 6

(b) (−t 3 − 4) − (2t + 9t 3 + 7 − 6t 2 ) (b) When h = 2 and k = −5,

= −t 3 − 4 − 2t − 9t 3 − 7 + 6t 2 9h 2 − 8k 2 − 8hk − 6 = 9(2) 2 − 8(−5) 2 − 8(2)(−5) − 6
= −t 3 − 9t 3 + 6t 2 − 2t − 4 − 7 = 36 − 200 + 80 − 6
= −10t 3 + 6t 2 − 2t − 11 = −90

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New Effective Learning Mathematics Teacher’s Reference S1B

27. (a) Perimeter = ( p + 2) + (2 p − 1) + (3 p − 2) + (3 p − 5) (b) When x = 15 and the number of leaflets left was 161,
= p + 2 + 2 p −1+ 3 p − 2 + 3 p − 5 7(15) + 6 y + 8 = 161
= p + 2 p + 3 p + 3 p + 2 −1− 2 − 5 6 y + 113 = 161
= 9p −6 6 y = 48
y =8
(b) When p = 3 ,
perimeter = 9(3) − 6 ∴ Original number of leaflets = 16(15) + 7(8)
= 21 = 296

1 33. (a) AB = (2 x 2 + 13 x + 10) − (8 + 4 x) − (9 x − x 2 )

28. (a) Area = × [(a 2b + ab 2 ) + (2a 2b + 3ab 2 )] × 8
2 = 2 x 2 + 13 x + 10 − 8 − 4 x − 9 x + x 2
= 4(a 2b + ab 2 + 2a 2b + 3ab 2 ) = 2 x 2 + x 2 + 13 x − 4 x − 9 x + 10 − 8
= 4(a 2b + 2a 2b + ab 2 + 3ab 2 ) = 3x 2 + 2
= 4(3a 2b + 4ab 2 )
= 4(3a 2b) + 4(4ab 2 ) (b) When x = 2 ,
= 12a 2b + 16ab 2 AB = 3(2) 2 + 2
= 14
(b) When a = 2 and b = 1 , BC = 8 + 4(2)
area = 12(2) 2 (1) + 16(2)(1) 2 = 16
= 48 + 32 AC = 9(2) − 22
= 80 = 14
AB = AC
2 2
29. (a) Area of the shaded region = (9 x + 6 x + 1) − (2 x + 3 x − 2) ∴  ABC is an isosceles triangle.
= 9 x 2 + 6 x + 1 − 2 x 2 − 3x + 2 ∴ The claim is agreed.
= 9 x 2 − 2 x 2 + 6 x − 3x + 1 + 2
= 7 x 2 + 3x + 3
34. (a) After two years, the age of Jenny = (m − 2) + 2
(b) When x = 3 , =m

area of the shaded region = 7(3) 2 + 3(3) + 3 ∴ The age of Jenny’s grandmother = m 2 + m
= 63 + 9 + 3 ∴ Present age of Jenny’s grandmother = m 2 + m − 2
= 75
(b) Required sum = (m − 2) + (m + m − 2)
2

2
= m−2+m +m−2
30. (a) Required distance = [(t + 10t ) + (3t + 12t )] m
2 2
= m2 + m + m − 2 − 2
2 2
= (t + 10t + 3t + 12t ) m = m 2 + 2m − 4
= (t 2 + 3t 2 + 10t + 12t ) m
= (4t 2 + 22t ) m (c) Present age of Jenny = 6

(b) When t = 5 , ∴ m−2=6

m=8
2
required distance = [4(5) + 22(5)] m
= (100 + 110) m ∴ Required sum = 82 + 2(8) − 4
= 210 m = 76

31. (a) Total score = (5 x 2 + 3 y ) + (10 x 2 − 9) + (7 y + 8)

= 5 x 2 + 3 y + 10 x 2 − 9 + 7 y + 8
= 5 x 2 + 10 x 2 + 3 y + 7 y − 9 + 8 Exercise 8F ( page 8.43)
= 15 x 2 + 10 y − 1 1. (a) 2( x + 3 y ) = 2( x) + 2(3 y )
= 2x + 6 y
(b) When x = 3 and y = 10 ,
total score = 15(3) 2 + 10(10) − 1 (b) 3(2 x − 5 y ) = 3(2 x) − 3(5 y )
= 135 + 100 − 1 = 6 x − 15 y
= 234
2. (a) (6a + b)(4) = 6a (4) + b(4)
32. (a) Number of leaflets left = (16 x + 7 y ) − (5 x + 3 y − 9) − (4 x − 2 y + 1) = 24a + 4b
= 16 x + 7 y − 5 x − 3 y + 9 − 4 x + 2 y − 1
(b) (4a − 7b)(−3) = 4a (−3) − 7b(−3)
= 16 x − 5 x − 4 x + 7 y − 3 y + 2 y + 9 − 1
= −12a + 21b
= 7x + 6 y + 8

3. (a) 3a (4b + 2c) = 3a(4b) + 3a(2c)

= 12ab + 6ac

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 Textbook  Chapter 8 Polynomials Suggested Solutions

(b) −a (2m − 7 n) = (− a )(2m) − (− a )(7 n) 13. (a) (a + 3)(a + 4) = a (a + 4) + 3(a + 4)

= −2am + 7 an = a 2 + 4a + 3a + 12
= a 2 + 7 a + 12
4. (a) (r − 5s )(4t ) = r (4t ) − 5s (4t )
(b) (a − 5)(a + 2) = a (a + 2) − 5(a + 2)
= 4rt − 20 st
= a 2 + 2a − 5a − 10
(b) (6t − u )(−3v 2 ) = 6t (−3v 2 ) − u (−3v 2 ) = a 2 − 3a − 10
= −18tv 2 + 3uv 2
14. (a) (4 + b)(3 − 2b) = 4(3 − 2b) + b(3 − 2b)
5. (a) a (8a + 5) = a (8a ) + a (5) = 12 − 8b + 3b − 2b 2
= 8a 2 + 5a = 12 − 5b − 2b 2

(b) −4b(2 − 3b) = (−4b)(2) − (−4b)(3b) (b) (7 − 4b)(b − 3) = 7(b − 3) − 4b(b − 3)

= −8b + 12b 2 = 7b − 21 − 4b 2 + 12b
= 19b − 21 − 4b 2
6. (a) (4c − 7 d )(3c) = 4c(3c) − 7 d (3c)
= 12c 2 − 21cd 15. (a) (2c − 1)(8c + 1) = 2c(8c + 1) − 1(8c + 1)
= 16c 2 + 2c − 8c − 1
(b) (−3d + 8c)(−d 2 ) = (−3d )(−d 2 ) + 8c(−d 2 )
= 16c 2 − 6c − 1
= 3d 3 − 8cd 2
(b) (5c + 4)(3c − 1) = 5c(3c − 1) + 4(3c − 1)
= 15c 2 − 5c + 12c − 4
7. (a) 3 p ( p 2 − 2q + 4) = 3 p ( p 2 ) − 3 p (2q ) + 3 p (4)
= 15c 2 + 7c − 4
= 3 p 3 − 6 pq + 12 p

(b) −6q (2 + 4q − 3q 2 ) = (−6q )(2) + (−6q )(4q ) − (−6q )(3q 2 ) 16. (a) (e − 2d )(e + 5d ) = e(e + 5d ) − 2d (e + 5d )
= −12q − 24q 2 + 18q 3 = e 2 + 5de − 2de − 10d 2
= e 2 + 3de − 10d 2

8. (a) (3 y 2 − 5 y + 3)(− y ) = 3 y 2 (− y ) − 5 y (− y ) + 3(− y ) (b) (e − 7 d )(3e − d ) = e(3e − d ) − 7 d (3e − d )

= −3 y 3 + 5 y 2 − 3 y = 3e 2 − de − 21de + 7 d 2
= 3e 2 − 22de + 7 d 2
(b) (3 − z − 2 z 2 )(−6 z ) = 3(−6 z ) − z (−6 z ) − 2 z 2 (−6 z )
= −18 z + 6 z 2 + 12 z 3 17. (a) (5 p + 3q )(3 p + 4q ) = 5 p (3 p + 4q ) + 3q (3 p + 4q )
= 15 p 2 + 20 pq + 9 pq + 12q 2
9. (a) 2n(m 2 + 4mn − 3) = 2n(m 2 ) + 2n(4mn) − 2n(3) = 15 p 2 + 29 pq + 12q 2
= 2m 2 n + 8mn 2 − 6n
(b) (3 p + 2q )(4 p − 5q ) = 3 p (4 p − 5q ) + 2q (4 p − 5q )
(b) −3m(3m 2 − 2mn + n 2 ) = (−3m)(3m 2 ) − (−3m)(2mn) + (−3m)( n 2 ) = 12 p 2 − 15 pq + 8 pq − 10q 2
= −9m3 + 6m 2 n − 3mn 2 = 12 p 2 − 7 pq − 10q 2

10. (a) (3 x 2 + 2 xy − 7 y 2 )(5 x) = 3 x 2 (5 x) + 2 xy (5 x) − 7 y 2 (5 x) 18. (a) (−4 y − 5 x)(2 x − 3 y ) = (−4 y )(2 x − 3 y ) − 5 x(2 x − 3 y )
= 15 x3 + 10 x 2 y − 35 xy 2 = −8 xy + 12 y 2 − 10 x 2 + 15 xy
= 7 xy + 12 y 2 − 10 x 2
(b) (3 x 2 − 5 xy + y 2 )(−2 y ) = 3 x 2 (−2 y ) − 5 xy (−2 y ) + y 2 (−2 y )
= −6 x 2 y + 10 xy 2 − 2 y 3 (b) (−2 x − 9 y )(−2 y − 7 x) = (−2 x)(−2 y − 7 x) − 9 y (−2 y − 7 x)
= 4 xy + 14 x 2 + 18 y 2 + 63 xy
= 67 xy + 14 x 2 + 18 y 2
11. (a) 8s 2t (−2 s − 6t + 3) = 8s 2t (−2 s ) − 8s 2t (6t ) + 8s 2t (3)
= −16 s 3t − 48s 2t 2 + 24 s 2t
19. (a) 2 x(6 − 5 x) + 6 x 2 = 2 x(6) − 2 x(5 x) + 6 x 2
(b) −5st 2 (4 + 7t − 5s ) = (−5st 2 )(4) + (−5st 2 )(7t ) − (−5st 2 )(5s ) = 12 x − 10 x 2 + 6 x 2
= −20 st 2 − 35st 3 + 25s 2t 2 = 12 x − 4 x 2

(b) 3k (4k − 5) − 3k 2 = 3k (4k ) − 3k (5) − 3k 2

12. (a) (5w − 7e + 2)(6 we ) = 5w(6 we ) − 7e(6 we ) + 2(6 we )
2 2 2 2
= 12k 2 − 15k − 3k 2
2 2 3
= 30 w e − 42 we + 12 we 2
= 9k 2 − 15k
(b) (−3s − 9 + 11d )(−8s 2 d ) = (−3s )(−8s 2 d ) − 9(−8s 2 d ) + 11d (−8s 2 d )
= 24 s 3d + 72 s 2 d − 88s 2 d 2 20. (a) − y (3 y 2 − 7) − 2 y = (− y )(3 y 2 ) − (− y )(7) − 2 y
= −3 y 3 + 7 y − 2 y
= −3 y 3 + 5 y

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New Effective Learning Mathematics Teacher’s Reference S1B

(b) 12t − 8t (6 − t 2 ) = 12t − [8t (6) − 8t (t 2 )] (b) (3 p − r )( p 2 − 4 pr + r 2 ) = 3 p ( p 2 − 4 pr + r 2 ) − r ( p 2 − 4 pr + r 2 )

= 12t − (48t − 8t 3 ) = 3 p 3 − 12 p 2 r + 3 pr 2 − p 2 r + 4 pr 2 − r 3
= 12t − 48t + 8t 3 = 3 p 3 − 13 p 2 r + 7 pr 2 − r 3
= −36t + 8t 3

27. (a) 2(e − e 2 ) + e(5 + e) = 2e − 2e 2 + 5e + e 2

2
21. (a) ( x + 2) = ( x + 2)( x + 2) = 7e − e 2
= x( x + 2) + 2( x + 2)
= x2 + 2 x + 2 x + 4 (b) f (3 f − 2) + (2 f − 3)(− f ) = 3 f 2 − 2 f − 2 f 2 + 3 f
= x2 + 4 x + 4 = f2+ f

(b) ( x − 3) 2 = ( x − 3)( x − 3)
= x( x − 3) − 3( x − 3) 28. (a) (3 x + 2)( x − 4) − x(2 x + 1)
= x 2 − 3x − 3x + 9 = 3 x( x − 4) + 2( x − 4) − (2 x 2 + x)
= x2 − 6x + 9 = 3 x 2 − 12 x + 2 x − 8 − 2 x 2 − x
= x 2 − 11x − 8

22. (a) (2 x + 3 y ) 2 = (2 x + 3 y )(2 x + 3 y ) (b) (2 y 2 − y + 4)(3 y 2 ) + 2 y ( y 2 − 3)

= 2 x(2 x + 3 y ) + 3 y (2 x + 3 y ) = 6 y 4 − 3 y 3 + 12 y 2 + 2 y 3 − 6 y
= 4 x 2 + 6 xy + 6 xy + 9 y 2 = 6 y 4 − y 3 + 12 y 2 − 6 y
= 4 x 2 + 12 xy + 9 y 2

(b) (4 x − 5 y ) 2 = (4 x − 5 y )(4 x − 5 y ) 29. (a) ( w + 3)(2 w3 − 5w2 + 3w − 1)

= 4 x(4 x − 5 y ) − 5 y (4 x − 5 y ) = w(2 w3 − 5w2 + 3w − 1) + 3(2 w3 − 5w2 + 3w − 1)
= 16 x 2 − 20 xy − 20 xy + 25 y 2 = 2 w4 − 5w3 + 3w2 − w + 6 w3 − 15w2 + 9 w − 3
= 16 x 2 − 40 xy + 25 y 2 = 2 w4 + w3 − 12 w2 + 8w − 3

(b) (2 z − 2 z + 1)(3 + 3 z − z )
2 2

23. (a) [ g + 8( g − 3)](−2) = [ g + 8( g ) − 8(3)](−2)

2 2
= 2 z (3 + 3 z − z ) − 2 z (3 + 3 z − z 2 ) + 1(3 + 3 z − z 2 )
2 2

= ( g 2 + 8 g − 24)(−2) = 6 z 2 + 6 z 3 − 2 z 4 − 6 z − 6 z 2 + 2 z 3 + 3 + 3z − z 2
= g 2 (−2) + 8 g (−2) − 24(−2) = −2 z 4 + 8 z 3 − z 2 − 3 z + 3
= −2 g 2 − 16 g + 48

(b) [− h 2 − 6(h + 3)](−3) = {− h 2 − [6(h) + 6(3)]}(−3) 30. (a) ( x + 3)(2 x − 1) = x(2 x − 1) + 3(2 x − 1)
= [−h 2 − (6h + 18)](−3) = 2 x2 − x + 6 x − 3
= (−h 2 − 6h − 18)(−3) = 2 x2 + 5x − 3
= (−h 2 )(−3) − 6h(−3) − 18(−3)
(b) ( x + 3)(2 x − 1)(3 x + 4) = (2 x + 5 x − 3)(3 x + 4)
2

= 3h 2 + 18h + 54
= (2 x 2 + 5 x − 3)(3 x) + (2 x 2 + 5 x − 3)(4)
= 6 x3 + 15 x 2 − 9 x + 8 x 2 + 20 x − 12
24. (a) (m + 4)(m) + 2(6 − m) = m(m) + 4(m) + 2(6) − 2(m) = 6 x3 + 23 x 2 + 11x − 12
= m 2 + 4m + 12 − 2m
= m 2 + 2m + 12
31. Area of the shaded region = (3 x 2 + 2)(2 x + 1) − ( x + 3)(2 − x)
(b) (3 − n)(−4n) − (5n − 1)(2n) = 3(−4n) − n(−4n) − [5n(2n) − 1(2n)] = 3 x 2 (2 x + 1) + 2(2 x + 1) − [ x(2 − x) + 3(2 − x)]
= −12n + 4n 2 − (10n 2 − 2n) = 6 x3 + 3 x 2 + 4 x + 2 − (2 x − x 2 + 6 − 3 x)
= −12n + 4n 2 − 10n 2 + 2n = 6 x3 + 3x 2 + 4 x + 2 − 2 x + x 2 − 6 + 3x
= −10n − 6n 2 = 6 x3 + 4 x 2 + 5 x − 4

25. (a) ( x 2 + 2 x − 2)( x + 3) = ( x 2 + 2 x − 2)( x) + ( x 2 + 2 x − 2)(3) 32.

= x3 + 2 x 2 − 2 x + 3x 2 + 6 x − 6
= x3 + 5 x 2 + 4 x − 6

(b) (2 x 2 − 3 x + 5)( x − 5) = (2 x 2 − 3 x + 5)( x) + (2 x 2 − 3 x + 5)(−5)

= 2 x3 − 3 x 2 + 5 x − 10 x 2 + 15 x − 25
= 2 x3 − 13 x 2 + 20 x − 25
Area of the letter T
2 2 2 2
26. (a) (a + b)(a − ab − b ) = a (a − ab − b ) + b(a − ab − b )
2 2 = Total area of the two pieces of rectangular paper − Area overlapped
= a 3 − a 2b − ab 2 + a 2b − ab 2 − b3 = ( x × y + a × b) − b × y
= a 3 − 2ab 2 − b3 = xy + ab − by

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 Textbook  Chapter 8 Polynomials Suggested Solutions

33. (a) Total amount paid

Revision Exercise 8 ( page 8.47)
= $[(5 x − 3)(2 y + 3) + ( x + 9)(4 y + 5)]
= $[5 x(2 y + 3) − 3(2 y + 3) + x(4 y + 5) + 9(4 y + 5)] 1. (a) (2c)(c 4 ) = 2 × c × c 4
= $(10 xy + 15 x − 6 y − 9 + 4 xy + 5 x + 36 y + 45)
= 2c1+4
= $(14 xy + 20 x + 30 y + 36)
= 2c 5
(b) When x = 2 and y = 5 ,
(b) (a 2 )(4a 3 ) = 4 × a 2 × a 3
total amount paid = $[14(2)(5) + 20(2) + 30(5) + 36] = 4 a 2+3
= $366
= 4a 5

34. (a) Total number of books = (3 z + 4)(2 z )(5 z + 4)

2. (a) (3b5 )(−2b 2 ) = 3 × (−2) × b5 × b 2
= (6 z 2 + 8 z )(5 z + 4)
= −6b5+2
= 6 z 2 (5 z + 4) + 8 z (5 z + 4)
= −6b7
= 30 z 3 + 24 z 2 + 40 z 2 + 32 z
= 30 z 3 + 64 z 2 + 32 z
(b) (−6d 3 )(−5d 3 ) = (−6) × (−5) × d 3 × d 3
(b) When z = 2 , = 30d 3+3
3 2
total number of books = 30(2) + 64(2) + 32(2) = 30d 6
= 560
3. (a) 7 a 2b × a 4 = 7 a 2+4b
1 = 7 a 6b
35. (a) Area of ABC = × a × a
2
a2 (b) (5c3 )(−4c 2 d ) = 5(−4)c3+2 d
=
2 = −20c5 d

1
Area of CEF = × ( a + b) × b
2 4 5 3 5 4
4. (a) (mn )(m n ) = m × m × n × n
3

(a + b)b 1+5 4+3

= =m n
2
= m6 n7
ab + b 2
=
2
(b) (−3hk )(2h k ) = (−3) × 2 × h × h × k × k
2 3 2 3 2 2

1+3 2+ 2
1 = −6h k
(b) Area of trapezium AEFB = × ( a + b) × b
2 = −6h 4 k 4
ab + b 2
=
2
5. (a) d × 2d 2 × 3d 3 = 2 × 3 × d 1+2+3
(c) Area of AEC = 6d 6
= Area of ABC + Area of trapezium AEFB − Area of CEF
(b) (3e 2 )(−2e3 )(4e) = 3 × (−2) × 4 × e 2+3+1
a 2 ab + b 2 ab + b 2
= + − = −24e6
2 2 2
2
a
=
2 2 3 2 3 3
6. (a) ( p q ) = ( p ) q
When a = 8 , = p 2×3q 3
82 = p6 q3
area of AEC =
2
= 32 (b) (h3 × h5 ) 2 = (h3+5 ) 2
= ( h8 ) 2
36. In question 1, the step “ 5 + 3(5 p − 8) = 8(5 p − 8) ” is wrong. = h8×2
= h16
The correct solution is shown as follows:
5 + 3[ p + 4( p − 2)] = 5 + 3( p + 4 p − 8)
= 5 + 3(5 p − 8) 7. (a) (2 g ) 4 h3 = (24 ) g 4 h3
= 5 + 15 p − 24 = 16 g 4 h3
= −19 + 15 p
(b) (−3m n) = (−3) (m ) n
2 3 3 2 3 3
In question 2, the step “ q (2q + 5) − 4(2q + 5) = 2q 2 + 5 − 8q + 20 ” is
2×3 3
wrong. = −27 m n
= −27 m6 n3
The correct solution is shown as follows:
(q − 4)(2q + 5) = q (2q + 5) − 4(2q + 5)
= 2q 2 + 5q − 8q − 20 24r 5
8. (a) = 6r 5−2
= 2q 2 − 3q − 20 4r 2
= 6r 3

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New Effective Learning Mathematics Teacher’s Reference S1B

−4 y 3 −2 14. (a) 2a + 4a − 3 + 5 = 6a + 2
(b) =
18 y 8 9 y 8−3
(b) −8u + 3v − 2u − 6v = −8u − 2u + 3v − 6v
2
=− 5 = −10u − 3v
9y

15. (a) 2 x 2 − 4 x + 6 x − x 2 = 2 x 2 − x 2 − 4 x + 6 x
r 3s7 = x2 + 2 x
9. (a) = r 3−1s 7−2
rs 2
= r 2 s5 (b) 3 y 2 + 5 y − 8 y 2 − 7 = 3 y 2 − 8 y 2 + 5 y − 7
= −5 y 2 + 5 y − 7
4 s 6t 5 −2t 5−3
(b) = 9 −6
−2 s 9t 3 s
2t 2 16. (a) −2qr + 4 pq + 6rq = −2qr + 6qr + 4 pq
=− 3
s = 4qr + 4 pq

(b) 2 yz − 3 zy + 6 xy − 4 yx = 2 yz − 3 yz + 6 xy − 4 xy
1 6 x6 1 = − yz + 2 xy
6 3
10. (a) 6 x ÷ x × 2 = 3 × 2
2x x 2x
1
= 6 x 6−3 × 2 17. (a) 4a 2b + 6ba 2 − 5ab 2 = 4a 2b + 6a 2b − 5ab 2
2x
6 x3 = 10a 2b − 5ab 2
= 2
2x
= 3 x3−2 (b) −5 y 2 x − 7 x 2 y + 3 xy 2 + 8 yx 2 = −5 xy 2 + 3 xy 2 − 7 x 2 y + 8 x 2 y
= 3x = −2 xy 2 + x 2 y

15 y 4 3
(b) × 4 y 3 = 5− 4 × 4 y 3 18. (a) 5a 2 + 3a − 1 + 2a − a 2 = −1 + 3a + 2a + 5a 2 − a 2
10 y 5 2y
3 × 4 y3 = −1 + 5a + 4a 2
=
2y
(b) 3 x − 7 + 6 x3 − x + 4 x3 + 9 = −7 + 9 + 3 x − x + 6 x3 + 4 x3
= 6 y 3−1
= 2 + 2 x + 10 x3
= 6 y2

19. (a) When x = 3,

11. (a) 2n−1 × 2n+2 = 2n−1+n+2 − x3 − 8 + 5 x = −33 − 8 + 5(3)
= 22 n+1 = −27 − 8 + 15
= −20
(b) (54−m )(52 m−1 ) = 54−m+2 m−1
= 5m +3 (b) When x = −2 ,
− x3 − 8 + 5 x = −(−2)3 − 8 + 5(−2)
3n = −(−8) − 8 − 10
12. (a) 33n ÷ 3n = 3 n = −10
3
= 33n−n
= 32 n 20. (a) When x = 2 and y = 4 ,
3 xy + 2 x 2 y − y = 3(2)(4) + 2(2) 2 (4) − 4
7 2 m−3
(b) 7 2 m−3 ÷ 7 m−1 = = 52
7 m−1
= 7 2 m−3−( m−1) (b) When x = −5 and y = 3 ,
= 7 2 m−3−m+1
3 xy + 2 x 2 y − y = 3(−5)(3) + 2(−5) 2 (3) − 3
= 7 m−2 = −45 + 150 − 3
= 102
Coefficient of Constant Order of
13. Polynomial
x 2
x 2 y xy xy 2 y 2 term polynomial 21. (a) (6 p − 1) + (3 p + 5) = 6 p − 1 + 3 p + 5
= 6 p + 3 p −1+ 5
(a) 9 x 2 + 5 x 2 y − xy 2 + 4 y 2 + 8 9 5 0 −1 4 8 3
= 9p + 4
2 2 2 2
(b) −5 x − 2 x y + xy + 7 xy + 9 y + 1 −5 −2 1 7 9 1 3
(b) (−3e + f ) − (2 f + e) = −3e + f − 2 f − e
(c) −3x 2 + 6 xy − 6 −3 0 6 0 0 −6 2 = −3e − e + f − 2 f
= −4e − f
(d) 7 x 2 y + xy + 10 xy 2 − 3 y 2 0 7 1 10 −3 0 3

2 2 22. (a) (3 x + 5 y + 9) + (2 x − 16 y − 10) = 3 x + 5 y + 9 + 2 x − 16 y − 10

(e) x 2 + 3xy − 7 y 2 − 1 0 3 0 −7 − 2
5 5
= 3 x + 2 x + 5 y − 16 y + 9 − 10
= 5 x − 11 y − 1

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 Textbook  Chapter 8 Polynomials Suggested Solutions

(b) (8t + 6v − 3u ) − (4u − 2v − 7t ) = 8t + 6v − 3u − 4u + 2v + 7t (b) (−5 x + 3) 2 = (−5 x + 3)(−5 x + 3)

= 8t + 7t + 6v + 2v − 3u − 4u = (−5 x)(−5 x + 3) + 3(−5 x + 3)
= 15t + 8v − 7u = 25 x 2 − 15 x − 15 x + 9
= 25 x 2 − 30 x + 9
23. (a) (3a + 5a ) + (a − 3a ) = 3a + 5a + a − 3a
2 2 2 2

2 2
= 5a + a + 3a − 3a 31. (a) (a 2 )(−a 3 ) 4 = (a 2 )(−1) 4 (a 3 ) 4
= 6a 2 = a 2 × a 3×4
= a 2 × a12
(b) (3b − b) + (6 + 7b − 5b ) = 3b − b + 6 + 7b − 5b
2 2 2 2
= a 2+12
2 2
= 3b − 5b − b + 7b + 6
= a14
= −2b 2 + 6b + 6
(b) −(−2 x5 y 3 ) 2 = −(−2) 2 ( x5 ) 2 ( y 3 ) 2
24. (a) ( x 2 + 5 x − 6) − (3 − 5 x 2 ) = x 2 + 5 x − 6 − 3 + 5 x 2 = −4 x5×2 y 3×2
= x2 + 5x2 + 5x − 6 − 3 = −4 x10 y 6
= 6 x2 + 5x − 9
32. (a) (h 2 k 2 )(h 2 k ) 2 = h 2 k 2 (h 2 ) 2 k 2
(b) ( y 3 − 3 y + 7) − (4 y 3 − 5 y 2 − 4) = y 3 − 3 y + 7 − 4 y 3 + 5 y 2 + 4
= y3 − 4 y3 + 5 y 2 − 3 y + 7 + 4 = h 2 k 2 h 2×2 k 2
= −3 y 3 + 5 y 2 − 3 y + 11 = h2k 2h4k 2
= h 2+ 4 k 2+ 2
= h6 k 4
25. (a) 4(a + 5b) = 4(a ) + 4(5b)
= 4a + 20b 12a 2b3 12a 2b3
(b) =
(ab 2 )3 a 3 (b 2 )3
(b) (−3k + 1)(5k ) = (−3k )(5k ) + 1(5k )
12a 2b3
= −15k 2 + 5k = 3 2×3
ab
12a 2b3
= 3 6
26. (a) (a − 7b)(3b) = a (3b) − 7b(3b) ab
= 3ab − 21b 2 12
= 3−2 6−3
a b
(b) −2 x(−7 x + 4 y ) = (−2 x)(−7 x) + (−2 x)(4 y ) 12
= 3
= 14 x 2 − 8 xy ab

27. (a) 3a (a 2 − 2a + 1) = 3a (a 2 ) − 3a (2a ) + 3a (1) (2m) 4 (m3n) (24 )m 4 m3n

33. (a) =
= 3a 3 − 6a 2 + 3a 8mn 2 8mn 2
16m 4+3n
=
(b) (3b + 5b − 4)(−2b) = 3b (−2b) + 5b(−2b) − 4(−2b)
2 2
8mn 2
= −6b3 − 10b 2 + 8b 2m 7 n
=
mn 2
2m7−1
28. (a) ( p + 2)( p − 5) = p ( p − 5) + 2( p − 5) = 2−1
n
= p 2 − 5 p + 2 p − 10 2m 6
=
= p 2 − 3 p − 10 n

(b) (3 y − 2)(7 y − 4) = 3 y (7 y − 4) − 2(7 y − 4) ( xy 4 ) 2 ( y 3 x5 ) x 2 ( y 4 ) 2 y 3 x5

(b) =
= 21 y 2 − 12 y − 14 y + 8 (−2 x)3 (−2)3 x3
= 21 y 2 − 26 y + 8 2 4×2 3 5
x y y x
=
−8 x3
x 2+5 y 8+3
29. (a) ( x − 3 y )(4 x + 5 y ) = x(4 x + 5 y ) − 3 y (4 x + 5 y ) =−
8 x3
= 4 x 2 + 5 xy − 12 xy − 15 y 2 x 7 y11
= 4 x 2 − 7 xy − 15 y 2 =−
8 x3
x 7−3 y11
(b) (−2 y − z )(−3 y − 4 z ) = (−2 y )(−3 y − 4 z ) − z (−3 y − 4 z ) =−
8
= 6 y 2 + 8 yz + 3 yz + 4 z 2 x 4 y11
= 6 y 2 + 11 yz + 4 z 2 =−
8

30. (a) (3 x − 1) 2 = (3 x − 1)(3 x − 1) 34. (a) (5 x 2 + 2) + ( x 2 + 1) − (3 + 2 x 2 ) = 5 x 2 + 2 + x 2 + 1 − 3 − 2 x 2

= 3 x(3 x − 1) − 1(3 x − 1) = 2 + 1 − 3 + 5x2 + x2 − 2 x2
= 9 x 2 − 3x − 3x + 1 = 4 x2
= 9 x2 − 6 x + 1

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New Effective Learning Mathematics Teacher’s Reference S1B

(b) (4 − 7 y ) − (3 y 2 + 5 y ) + (6 − 2 y ) = 4 − 7 y − 3 y 2 − 5 y + 6 − 2 y 40. a 2 m+n = a m+m+n

= 4 + 6 − 7 y − 5 y − 2 y − 3y2 = am × am × an
= 10 − 14 y − 3 y 2 = 3× 3× 9
= 81

35. (a) (8 x − x 2 ) − (3 x − 4 x 2 + 1) − (5 x + 6)
41. Required polynomial = (2 x 2 − 6 xy − 3) − (− x 2 + 4 xy )
= 8 x − x 2 − 3x + 4 x 2 − 1 − 5 x − 6
= 2 x 2 − 6 xy − 3 + x 2 − 4 xy
= −1 − 6 + 8 x − 3 x − 5 x − x 2 + 4 x 2
= 3 x 2 − 10 xy − 3
= −7 + 3 x 2

(b) (−5 + 9 y 2 ) − [(2 y − 11) − (10 y 2 + 4 y + 5)]

42. Required polynomial = (7c − 2c + 3) + (5c + 4c)
2 2

= −5 + 9 y 2 − (2 y − 11 − 10 y 2 − 4 y − 5) 2
= 12c + 2c + 3
= −5 + 9 y 2 − 2 y + 11 + 10 y 2 + 4 y + 5
= −5 + 11 + 5 − 2 y + 4 y + 9 y 2 + 10 y 2
= 11 + 2 y + 19 y 2 43. 2 x m (2 x3 + 5 x 2 + 4 x + 1) = 4 x m+3 + 10 x m+2 + 8 x m+1 + 2 x m
The coefficient of x 4 is 10.

36. (a) ( y 2 + 2 y − 1)(3 y − 5) = ( y 2 + 2 y − 1)(3 y ) + ( y 2 + 2 y − 1)(−5) ∴ x m+2 is the x 4 term.

∴ m+2=4
= 3 y 3 + 6 y 2 − 3 y − 5 y 2 − 10 y + 5
m=2
= 3 y 3 + y 2 − 13 y + 5

(b) ( x − y )(2 x 2 − xy + 2 y 2 ) = x(2 x 2 − xy + 2 y 2 ) − y (2 x 2 − xy + 2 y 2 ) 44. Suggested answers:

= 2 x3 − x 2 y + 2 xy 2 − 2 x 2 y + xy 2 − 2 y 3 Consider polynomials 6a − 5b + ab and 2a − 5b + 6ab .
= 2 x3 − 3 x 2 y + 3 xy 2 − 2 y 3 Each of them has 3 unlike terms.
Difference = (6a − 5b + ab) − (2a − 5b + 6ab)
= 6a − 5b + ab − 2a + 5b − 6ab
37. (a) (u 2 + 2)(3u 2 − 4) = u 2 (3u 2 − 4) + 2(3u 2 − 4)
= 4a − 5ab
= 3u 4 − 4u 2 + 6u 2 − 8
= 3u 4 + 2u 2 − 8 ∴ 6a − 5b + ab and 2a − 5b + 6ab are two polynomials satisfying

the requirements.
(b) (1 − u )(2u + 1)(3 + u ) = [1(2u + 1) − u (2u + 1)](3 + u )
= (2u + 1 − 2u 2 − u )(3 + u )
= (−2u 2 + u + 1)(3 + u ) 1 5
45. Area = × 3 2r 3 × r 5
= (−2u 2 + u + 1)(3) + (−2u 2 + u + 1)(u ) 2 2
15 2+1 3+5
= −6u 2 + 3u + 3 − 2u 3 + u 2 + u = r
4
= −2u 3 − 5u 2 + 4u + 3 15 3 8
= r
4
38. (a) 6 x(2 x − 3) − (3 − 2 x)( x − 2)
= 12 x 2 − 18 x − [3( x − 2) − 2 x( x − 2)] 46. (a) Perimeter of the polygon = (3 x + y ) + (3 x − 2) + (5 x − 6 y ) + (4 y + 3)
= 12 x 2 − 18 x − (3 x − 6 − 2 x 2 + 4 x) = 3x + y + 3x − 2 + 5 x − 6 y + 4 y + 3
= 12 x 2 − 18 x − 3 x + 6 + 2 x 2 − 4 x = 11x − y + 1
= 14 x 2 − 25 x + 6
(b) When x = 2 and y = 1 ,
2 2
(b) (3 y + 2)( y − 4) + 4 y (2 y − 3 y ) perimeter of the polygon = 11(2) − 1 + 1
= 22
= 3 y 2 ( y − 4) + 2( y − 4) + 8 y 3 − 12 y 2
= 3 y 3 − 12 y 2 + 2 y − 8 + 8 y 3 − 12 y 2
= 11 y 3 − 24 y 2 + 2 y − 8 47. (a) Perimeter of the shaded region
= 2{[(9 − y ) + (3 x + 1)] + [(2 y + 3) + x]}
= 2(9 − y + 3 x + 1 + 2 y + 3 + x)
39. (a) (3w − 2)(−4 w3 + 3w2 − w − 3) = 2(4 x + y + 13)
= 3w(−4 w3 + 3w2 − w − 3) − 2(−4w3 + 3w2 − w − 3) = 8 x + 2 y + 26
= −12w4 + 9w3 − 3w2 − 9w + 8w3 − 6w2 + 2w + 6
= −12w4 + 17 w3 − 9 w2 − 7 w + 6 (b) The perimeter of the shaded region is 80 and x = 2 y .
∴ 8(2 y ) + 2 y + 26 = 80
(b) ( z 2 + 3 z − 2)(−2 z 2 − z + 1) 16 y + 2 y = 80 − 26
= z 2 (−2 z 2 − z + 1) + 3 z (−2 z 2 − z + 1) − 2(−2 z 2 − z + 1) 18 y = 54
= −2 z 4 − z 3 + z 2 − 6 z 3 − 3z 2 + 3 z + 4 z 2 + 2 z − 2 y =3
= −2 z 4 − 7 z 3 + 2 z 2 + 5 z − 2 x = 2(3)
=6

26  2020 Chung Tai Educational Press Limited |  2020 Marshall Cavendish Education (a member of Times Publishing Limited)
 Textbook  Chapter 8 Polynomials Suggested Solutions

48. (a) Number of passengers on the train now Order of C = 3

= (16 x + 7 y ) − (5 x + 3 y − 9) + (4 x − 2 y + 1) Order of A × Order of B = 1 × 2
= 16 x + 7 y − 5 x − 3 y + 9 + 4 x − 2 y + 1 =2
= 15 x + 2 y + 10 ≠3
∴ “order of C = order of A × order of B” is wrong.
(b) There are 730 passengers on the train now and y = 30 .
∴ 15 x + 2(30) + 10 = 730
15 x = 730 − 60 − 10 53. 4a 2 × a 5 × 2a = 4 × 2 × a 2+5+1
15 x = 660 = 8a8
x = 44 ∴ The answer is B.
∴ Required number of passengers
= 16(44) + 7(30)
= 914 (2 y 3 ) 4 (24 )( y 3 ) 4
54. =
4 y2 4 y2
16 y 3×4
49. (a) The order of the polynomial is 2 . =
4 y2
4 y12
5(10) 2 10 = 2
(b) a1 + a2 + a3 + + a10 = + y
2 2
= 255 = 4 y12−2
= 4 y10
(c) a10 = (a1 + a2 + a3 + + a10 ) − (a1 + a2 + a3 + + a9 )
∴ The answer is D.
 5(9) 2 9
= 255 −  + 
 2 2
= 255 − 207 55. 32 a ⋅ 4a = (32 ) a ⋅ 4a
= 48 = (32 ⋅ 4) a
= 36a

50. (a) 82 n+1 = (23 ) 2 n+1 ∴ The answer is C.

= 23(2 n+1)
= 2 6 n +3 56. For the expression in D, the index of the term 3x is a variable (x).
∴ 3x is not a monomial.
82 n+1 26 n+3
(b) 3n−1 = 3n−1 i.e. 3x + 2 is not a polynomial.
2 2
= 26 n+3−(3n−1) ∴ The answer is D.
= 26 n+3−3n+1
= 23 n + 4 57. A. Order of the polynomial = 5
B. Order of the polynomial = 3 + 1
51. Sum of the areas of the white regions =4
= (6 x)(4 x) − (4 x)( x) − ( x)(6 x) + ( x)( x) C. Order of the polynomial = 1 + 2
= 24 x 2 − 4 x 2 − 6 x 2 + x 2 =3
= 15 x 2 D. Order of the polynomial = 1 + 3
=4
52. Suggested answers: ∴ The polynomial in A has the highest order (5).
Let A = 2 x − 5 and B = x + 1.2 ∴ The answer is A.
(a) C = A + B
= (2 x − 5) + ( x 2 + 1) 58. When a = 2 and b = −3 ,
= 2 x − 5 + x2 + 1 A. −3ab = −3(2)(−3)
= x2 + 2 x − 4 = 18
Order of A = 1 B. 3a − 4b = 3(2) − 4(−3)
Order of B = 2 = 6 + 12
= 18
Order of C = 2
∴ “order of C = order of A = order of B” is wrong. C. a 2 + b 2 = 22 + (−3) 2
= 4+9
(b) C = AB = 13
= (2 x − 5)( x 2 + 1) D. 2(3a + b) 2 = 2[3(2) + (−3)]2
= 2 x( x 2 + 1) − 5( x 2 + 1) = 2(6 − 3) 2
= 2 x3 + 2 x − 5 x 2 − 5 = 2(3) 2
= 18
∴ The polynomial in C has a value different from the others.
∴ The answer is C.

 2020 Chung Tai Educational Press Limited |  2020 Marshall Cavendish Education (a member of Times Publishing Limited) 27
New Effective Learning Mathematics Teacher’s Reference S1B

59. Coefficient of x 2 = 5 66. - 68. Solutions are not available for the public exam questions due to
copyright restrictions.
Coefficient of x = 0
∴ Required sum = 5 + 0
=5
Investigation Zone ( page 8.54)
∴ The answer is B.
1. Length = (24 − 2 w) m

60. ( y − 1)( y 2 + y − 1) = y ( y 2 + y − 1) − 1( y 2 + y − 1)
= y3 + y 2 − y − y 2 − y + 1 2. Area = (24 − 2 w)( w) m 2
= y3 − 2 y + 1 = (24 w − 2 w2 ) m 2
∴ The answer is D.
3. When w = 12 ,
4 2 4 2
61. (4 x + 3 x) − 3( x − 2 x + 3) = 4 x + 3 x − 3 x + 6 x − 9 length = [24 − 2(12)] m
= 4 x 4 − 3x 2 + 9 x − 9 =0m

∴ The answer is D. ∴ It is not possible for Mr. Chan to construct a garden of width 12 m.

62. 2(3 x + 1)(6 − x) = (6 x + 2)(6 − x) 4. (a) w 2 4 6 8 10

= 6 x(6 − x) + 2(6 − x) 2
Area (m ) 40 64 72 64 40
= 36 x − 6 x 2 + 12 − 2 x
= 34 x − 6 x 2 + 12 (b) When the width of the garden is 6 m , its area is the largest.
The coefficient of x is 34.
∴ The answer is B.

63. Total amount = $[( x + 1)( y − 1) + ( x − 1)( y + 1)]

= $[ x( y − 1) + 1( y − 1) + x( y + 1) − 1( y + 1)]
= $( xy − x + y − 1 + xy + x − y − 1)
= $(2 xy − 2)
∴ The answer is D.

64. Area of square PQRS = b × b

= b2
1 a −b
Area of trapezium BCRQ = × ( a + b) ×
2 2
(a + b)(a − b)
=
4
a ( a − b) + b( a − b)
=
4
a 2 − ab + ab − b 2
=
4
a 2 − b2
=
4
∴ Total area of the shaded region
a 2 − b2
= b2 +
4
4b 2 + (a 2 − b 2 )
=
4
a 2 + 3b 2
=
4
∴ The answer is C.

65. Volume of the cuboid = ( x + 1)( x + 1)(2 x − 1) cm3

= [ x( x + 1) + 1( x + 1)](2 x − 1) cm3
= ( x 2 + x + x + 1)(2 x − 1) cm3
= ( x 2 + 2 x + 1)(2 x − 1) cm3
= [( x 2 + 2 x + 1)(2 x) − ( x 2 + 2 x + 1)(1)] cm3
= (2 x3 + 4 x 2 + 2 x − x 2 − 2 x − 1) cm3
= (2 x3 + 3 x 2 − 1) cm3
∴ The answer is C.

28  2020 Chung Tai Educational Press Limited |  2020 Marshall Cavendish Education (a member of Times Publishing Limited)