Introduction to Networks Version 70 ITNv7

Practice Final Exam Answers

1. A client packet is received by a server. The packet has a destination port number
of 22. What service is the client requesting?
 SSH
 TFTP
 DHCP
 DNS

2. Refer to the exhibit. What does the value of the window size specify?
the amount of data that can be sent at one time
 the amount of data that can be sent before an acknowledgment is required
 the total number of bits received during this TCP session
 a random number that is used in establishing a connection with
the 3-way handshake

Explanation: The window size determines the number of bytes that

can be sent before expecting an acknowledgment. The
acknowledgment number is the number of the next expected
byte.

3. To which TCP port group does the port 414 belong?

 well-known
 private or dynamic
 public
 registered

Explanation: Well Known Ports: 0 through 1023.

Registered Ports: 1024 through 49151.
Dynamic/Private : 49152 through 65535.
4. Refer to the exhibit. An administrator is trying to configure the switch but
receives the error message that is displayed in the exhibit. What is the problem?

 The entire command, configure terminal, must be used.

 The administrator is already in global configuration mode.
 The administrator must first enter privileged EXEC mode before issuing the
command.
 The administrator must connect via the console port to access
global configuration mode.

Explanation: In order to enter global configuration mode, the

command configure terminal, or a shortened version such as
config t, must be entered from privileged EXEC mode. In this
scenario the administrator is in user EXEC mode, as indicated by
the > symbol after the hostname. The administrator would need
to use the enable command to move into privileged EXEC mode
before entering the configure terminal command.

5. What is a user trying to determine when issuing a ping 10.1.1.1 command on a

PC?
 if the TCP/IP stack is functioning on the PC without putting
traffic on the wire
 if there is connectivity with the destination device
 the path that traffic will take to reach the destination
 what type of device is at the destination

Explanation: The ping destination command can be used to test

connectivity.

6. What is a characteristic of a switch virtual interface (SVI)?

 An SVI is created in software and requires a configured IP address and a subnet
mask in order to provide remote access to the switch.
 Although it is a virtual interface, it needs to have physical
hardware on the device associated with it.
 SVIs do not require the no shutdown command to become
enabled.
 SVIs come preconfigured on Cisco switches.

Explanation: Cisco IOS Layer 2 switches have physical ports for

devices to connect. These ports do not support Layer 3 IP
addresses. Therefore, switches have one or more switch virtual
interfaces (SVIs). These are virtual interfaces because there is
no physical hardware on the device associated with it. An SVI is
created in software.

The virtual interface lets you remotely manage a switch over a

network using IPv4 and IPv6. Each switch comes with one SVI
appearing in the default configuration “out-of-the-box.” The
default SVI is interface VLAN1.

7. Match the descriptions to the terms. (Not all options are used.)

Explanation: A GUI, or graphical user interface, allows the user to

interact with the operating system by pointing and clicking at
elements on the screen. A CLI, or command-line interface,
requires users to type commands at a prompt in order to interact
with the OS. The shell is the part of the operating system that is
 closest to the user. The kernel is the part of the operating
system that interfaces with the hardware.

8. What happens when a switch receives a frame and the calculated CRC value is
different than the value that is in the FCS field?
 The switch notifies the source of the bad frame.
 The switch places the new CRC value in the FCS field and
forwards the frame.
 The switch drops the frame.
 The switch floods the frame to all ports except the port through
which the frame arrived to notify the hosts of the error.

Explanation: The purpose of the CRC value in the FCS field is to

determine if the frame has errors. If the frame does have errors,
then the frame is dropped by the switch.

9. Two network engineers are discussing the methods used to forward frames
through a switch. What is an important concept related to the cut-through method
of switching?
 The fragment-free switching offers the lowest level of latency.
 Fast-forward switching can be viewed as a compromise
between store-and-forward switching and fragment-free
switching.
 Fragment-free switching is the typical cut-through method of
switching.
 Packets can be relayed with errors when fast-forward switching is used.

Explanation: Fast-forward switching offers the lowest level of

latency and it is the typical cut-through method of switching.
Fragment-free switching can be viewed as a compromise
between store-and-forward switching and fast-forward switching.
Because fast-forward switching starts forwarding before the
entire packet has been received, there may be times when
packets are relayed with errors.

10. Which two issues can cause both runts and giants in Ethernet networks?
(Choose two.)
 using the incorrect cable type
 half-duplex operations
 a malfunctioning NIC
 electrical interference on serial interfaces
 CRC errors

Explanation: Because collisions are a normal aspect of half-duplex

communications, runt and giant frames are common by-products
of those operations. A malfunctioning NIC can also place frames
on the network that are either too short or longer than the
maximum allowed length. CRC errors can result from using the
wrong type of cable or from electrical interference. Using a cable
that is too long can result in late collisions rather than runts and
giants.

11. Which two functions are performed at the LLC sublayer of the
OSI Data Link Layer to facilitate Ethernet communication?
(Choose two.)

 implements CSMA/CD over legacy shared half-duplex media

 enables IPv4 and IPv6 to utilize the same physical medium
 integrates Layer 2 flows between 10 Gigabit Ethernet over fiber
and 1 Gigabit Ethernet over copper
 implements a process to delimit fields within an Ethernet 2
frame
 places information in the Ethernet frame that identifies which network layer
protocol is being encapsulated by the frame

Other case
 responsible for internal structure of Ethernet frame
 applies source and destination MAC addresses to Ethernet
frame
 integrates Layer 2 flows between 10 Gigabit Ethernet over fiber
and 1 Gigabit Ethernet over copper
 enables IPv4 and IPv6 to utilize the same physical medium
 handles communication between upper layer networking software and Ethernet
NIC hardware

Other case
 adds Ethernet control information to network protocol data
 responsible for internal structure of Ethernet frame
 implements trailer with frame check sequence for error
detection
 enables IPv4 and IPv6 to utilize the same physical medium
 applies source and destination MAC addresses to Ethernet
frame

Other case
 implements CSMA/CD over legacy shared half-duplex media
 adds Ethernet control information to network protocol data
 places information in the Ethernet frame that identifies which network layer
protocol is being encapsulated by the frame
 applies source and destination MAC addresses to Ethernet
frame
 integrates Layer 2 flows between 10 Gigabit Ethernet over fiber
and 1 Gigabit Ethernet over copper

Explanation: The data link layer is actually divided into two

sublayers:

+ Logical Link Control (LLC): This upper sublayer defines the

software processes that provide services to the network layer
protocols. It places information in the frame that identifies which
network layer protocol is being used for the frame. This
information allows multiple Layer 3 protocols, such as IPv4 and
IPv6, to utilize the same network interface and media.
+ Media Access Control (MAC): This lower sublayer defines the
media access processes performed by the hardware. It provides
data link layer addressing and delimiting of data according to the
physical signaling requirements of the medium and the type of
data link layer protocol in use.

12. Which two commands could be used to check if DNS name resolution is working
properly on a Windows PC? (Choose two.)
 nslookup cisco.com
 ping cisco.com
 ipconfig /flushdns
 net cisco.com
 nbtstat cisco.com
 Explanation: The ping command tests the connection between two
hosts. When ping uses a host domain name to test the
connection, the resolver on the PC will first perform the name
resolution to query the DNS server for the IP address of the host.
If the ping command is unable to resolve the domain name to an
IP address, an error will result.

Nslookup is a tool for testing and troubleshooting DNS servers.

13. A small advertising company has a web server that provides critical business
service. The company connects to the Internet through a leased line service to an
ISP. Which approach best provides cost effective redundancy for the Internet
connection?
 Add a second NIC to the web server.
 Add a connection to the Internet via a DSL line to another ISP.
 Add another web server to prepare failover support.
 Add multiple connections between the switches and the edge
router.

Explanation: With a separate DSL connection to another ISP, the

company will have a redundancy solution for the Internet
connection, in case the leased line connection fails. The other
options provide other aspects of redundancy, but not the Internet
connection. The options of adding a second NIC and adding
multiple connections between the switches and the edge router
will provide redundancy in case one NIC fails or one connection
between the switches and the edge router fails. The option of
adding another web server provides redundancy if the main web
server fails.

14. Only employees connected to IPv6 interfaces are having difficulty connecting to
remote networks. The analyst wants to verify that IPv6 routing has been enabled.
What is the best command to use to accomplish the task?
 copy running-config startup-config
 show interfaces
 show ip nat translations
 show running-config
 15. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is connecting a new host to the
Registrar LAN. The host needs to communicate with remote networks. What IP
address would be configured as the default gateway on the new host?
Floor(config)# interface gi0/1

Floor(config-if)# description Connects to the Registrar LAN

Floor(config-if)# ip address 192.168.235.234 255.255.255.0

Floor(config-if)# no shutdown

Floor(config-if)# interface gi0/0

Floor(config-if)# description Connects to the Manager LAN

Floor(config-if)# ip address 192.168.234.114 255.255.255.0

Floor(config-if)# no shutdown

Floor(config-if)# interface s0/0/0

Floor(config-if)# description Connects to the ISP

Floor(config-if)# ip address 10.234.235.254 255.255.255.0

Floor(config-if)# no shutdown

Floor(config-if)# interface s0/0/1

Floor(config-if)# description Connects to the Head Office

WAN

Floor(config-if)# ip address 203.0.113.3 255.255.255.0

Floor(config-if)# no shutdown

Floor(config-if)# end

 192.168.235.234
 203.0.113.3
 192.168.235.1
 10.234.235.254
 192.168.234.114
16. Match the command with the device mode at which the command is entered.
(Not all options are used.)
 Explanation: The enable command is entered in R1> mode. The
login command is entered in R1(config-line)# mode. The copy
running-config startup-config command is entered in R1# mode.
The ip address 192.168.4.4 255.255.255.0 command is entered in
R1(config-if)# mode. The service password-encryption command
is entered in global configuration mode.

17. A router boots and enters setup mode. What is the reason for this?
 The IOS image is corrupt.
 Cisco IOS is missing from flash memory.
 The configuration file is missing from NVRAM.
 The POST process has detected hardware failure.

Explanation: The startup configuration file is stored in NVRAM and

contains the commands needed to initially configure a router. It
 also creates the running configuration file that is stored in in
RAM.

18. What service is provided by POP3?

 Retrieves email from the server by downloading the email to the local mail
application of the client.
 An application that allows real-time chatting among remote
users.
 Allows remote access to network devices and servers.
 Uses encryption to provide secure remote access to network
devices and servers.

19. Two students are working on a network design project. One student is doing the
drawing, while the other student is writing the proposal. The drawing is finished
and the student wants to share the folder that contains the drawing so that the other
student can access the file and copy it to a USB drive. Which networking model is
being used?
 peer-to-peer
 client-based
 master-slave
 point-to-point

Explanation: In a peer-to-peer (P2P) networking model, data is

exchanged between two network devices without the use of a
dedicated server.

20. Which command is used to manually query a DNS server to

resolve a specific host name?

 tracert
 ipconfig /displaydns
 nslookup
 net

Explanation: The nslookup command was created to allow a user

to manually query a DNS server to resolve a given host name.
The ipconfig /displaydns command only displays previously
resolved DNS entries. The tracert command was created to
 examine the path that packets take as they cross a network and
can resolve a hostname by automatically querying a DNS server.
The net command is used to manage network computers,
servers, printers, and network drives.

21. Which PDU is processed when a host computer is de-encapsulating a message at

the transport layer of the TCP/IP model?
 bits
 frame
 packet
 segment

Explanation: At the transport layer, a host computer will de-

encapsulate a segment to reassemble data to an acceptable
format by the application layer protocol of the TCP/IP model.

22. Which two OSI model layers have the same functionality as
two layers of the TCP/IP model? (Choose two.)

 data link
 network
 physical
 session
 transport

Explanation: The OSI transport layer is functionally equivalent to

the TCP/IP transport layer, and the OSI network layer is
equivalent to the TCP/IP internet layer. The OSI data link and
physical layers together are equivalent to the TCP/IP network
access layer. The OSI session layer (with the presentation layer)
is included within the TCP/IP application layer.

23. Which three layers of the OSI model are comparable in

function to the application layer of the TCP/IP model? (Choose
three.)

 presentation
 physical
 network
 data link
 transport
 application
 session

Explanation:
The TCP/IP model consists of four layers: application, transport,
internet, and network access. The OSI model consists of seven
layers: application, presentation, session, transport, network,
data link, and physical. The top three layers of the OSI model:
application, presentation, and session map to the application
layer of the TCP/IP model.

24. Network information:

* local router LAN interface: 172.19.29.254 / fe80:65ab:dcc1::10

* local router WAN interface: 198.133.219.33 / 2001:db8:FACE:39::10
* remote server: 192.135.250.103

What task might a user be trying to accomplish by using the ping

2001:db8:FACE:39::10 command?
 verifying that there is connectivity within the local network
 creating a network performance benchmark to a server on the
company intranet
 determining the path to reach the remote server
 verifying that there is connectivity to the internet

25. Which two ICMP messages are used by both IPv4 and IPv6 protocols? (Choose
two.)
 neighbor solicitation
 router advertisement
 router solicitation
 protocol unreachable
 route redirection

Explanation: The ICMP messages common to both ICMPv4 and

ICMPv6 include: host confirmation, destination (net, host,
protocol, port) or service unreachable, time exceeded, and route
 redirection. Router solicitation, neighbor solicitation, and router
advertisement are new protocols implemented in ICMPv6.

26. A network technician types the command ping 127.0.0.1 at the command prompt
on a computer. What is the technician trying to accomplish?
 pinging a host computer that has the IP address 127.0.0.1 on
the network
 tracing the path to a host computer on the network and the
network has the IP address 127.0.0.1
 checking the IP address on the network card
 testing the integrity of the TCP/IP stack on the local machine

Explanation: 127.0.0.1 is an address reserved by TCP/IP to test the

NIC, drivers and TCP/IP implementation of the device.

27. Although CSMA/CD is still a feature of Ethernet, why is it no longer necessary?

 the virtually unlimited availability of IPv6 addresses
 the use of CSMA/CA
 the use of full-duplex capable Layer 2 switches
 the development of half-duplex switch operation
 the use of Gigabit Ethernet speeds

Explanation: The use of Layer 2 switches operating in full-duplex

mode eliminates collisions, thereby eliminating the need for
CSMA/CD.

28. What does a router do when it receives a Layer 2 frame over

the network medium?

 re-encapsulates the packet into a new frame

 forwards the new frame appropriate to the medium of that
segment of the physical network
 determines the best path
 de-encapsulates the frame

Explanation: Routers are responsible for encapsulating a frame with

the proper format for the physical network media they connect.
At each hop along the path, a router does the following:Accepts a
 frame from a medium
De-encapsulates the frame
Determines the best path to forward the packet
Re-encapsulates the packet into a new frame
Forwards the new frame appropriate to the medium of that
segment of the physical network

29. Which two acronyms represent the data link sublayers that Ethernet relies upon
to operate? (Choose two.)
 SFD
 LLC
 CSMA
 MAC
 FCS

Explanation: For Layer 2 functions, Ethernet relies on logical link

control (LLC) and MAC sublayers to operate at the data link layer.
FCS (Frame Check Sequence) and SFD (Start Frame Delimiter)
are fields of the Ethernet frame. CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple
Access) is the technology Ethernet uses to manage shared media
access.

30. A network team is comparing topologies for connecting on a shared media.

Which physical topology is an example of a hybrid topology for a LAN?
 bus
 extended star
 ring
 partial mesh

Explanation: An extended star topology is an example of a hybrid

topology as additional switches are interconnected with other
star topologies. A partial mesh topology is a common hybrid WAN
topology. The bus and ring are not hybrid topology types.

31. Given network 172.18.109.0, which subnet mask would be

used if 6 host bits were available?

 255.255.192.0
 255.255.224.0
 255.255.255.192
 255.255.255.248
 255.255.255.252

Explanation:
With an IPv4 network, the subnet mask is determined by the
hosts bits that are required:
11 host bits required – 255.255.248.0
10 host bits required – 255.255.252.0
9 host bits required – 255.255.254.0
8 host bits required – 255.255.255.0
7 host bits required – 255.255.255.128
6 host bits required – 255.255.255.192
5 host bits required – 255.255.255.224
4 host bits required – 255.255.255.240
3 host bits required – 255.255.255.248
2 host bits required – 255.255.255.252

32. Three devices are on three different subnets. Match the network address and the
broadcast address with each subnet where these devices are located. (Not all options
are used.)

Device 1: IP address 192.168.10.77/28 on subnet 1

Device 2: IP address192.168.10.17/30 on subnet 2

Device 3: IP address 192.168.10.35/29 on subnet 3

Explanation: To calculate any of these addresses, write the device
IP address in binary. Draw a line showing where the subnet mask
1s end. For example, with Device 1, the final octet (77) is
01001101. The line would be drawn between the 0100 and the
1101 because the subnet mask is /28. Change all the bits to the
right of the line to 0s to determine the network number
 (01000000 or 64). Change all the bits to the right of the line to 1s
to determine the broadcast address (01001111 or 79).

33. What type of address is 198.133.219.162?

 link-local
 public
 loopback
 multicast

34. What does the IP address 192.168.1.15/29 represent?

 subnetwork address
 unicast address
 multicast address
 broadcast address

Explanation: A broadcast address is the last address of any given

network. This address cannot be assigned to a host, and it is
used to communicate with all hosts on that network.

35. Why is NAT not needed in IPv6?

 Because IPv6 has integrated security, there is no need to hide

the IPv6 addresses of internal networks.
 The problems that are induced by NAT applications are solved
because the IPv6 header improves packet handling by
intermediate routers.
 The end-to-end connectivity problems that are caused by NAT
are solved because the number of routes increases with the
number of nodes that are connected to the Internet.
 Any host or user can get a public IPv6 network address because the number of
available IPv6 addresses is extremely large.

Explanation: The large number of public IPv6 addresses eliminates

the need for NAT. Sites from the largest enterprises to single
households can get public IPv6 network addresses. This avoids
some of the NAT-induced application problems that are
experienced by applications that require end-to-end connectivity.
 36. What routing table entry has a next hop address associated with a destination
network?
 directly-connected routes
 local routes
 remote routes
 C and L source routes

Explanation: Routing table entries for remote routes will have a

next hop IP address. The next hop IP address is the address of
the router interface of the next device to be used to reach the
destination network. Directly-connected and local routes have no
next hop, because they do not require going through another
router to be reached.

37. Which term describes a field in the IPv4 packet header that
contains a unicast, multicast, or broadcast address?

 destination IPv4 address

 protocol
 TTL
 header checksum

38. If the default gateway is configured incorrectly on the host, what is the impact
on communications?
 There is no impact on communications.
 The host is unable to communicate on the local network.
 The host can communicate with other hosts on the local network, but is unable to
communicate with hosts on remote networks.
 The host can communicate with other hosts on remote
networks, but is unable to communicate with hosts on the local
network.

Explanation: A default gateway is only required to communicate

with devices on another network. The absence of a default
gateway does not affect connectivity between devices on the
same local network.

39. Which is the compressed format of the IPv6 address

fe80:0000:0000:0000:0220:0b3f:f0e0:0029?
 fe80:9ea:0:2200::fe0:290
 fe80:9ea0::2020::bf:e0:9290
 fe80::220:b3f:f0e0:29
 fe80:9ea0::2020:0:bf:e0:9290

40. Refer to the exhibit. A user issues the command netstat –r on a workstation.
Which IPv6 address is one of the link-local addresses of the workstation?

 ::1/128
 fe80::30d0:115:3f57:fe4c/128
 fe80::/64
 2001:0:9d38:6ab8:30d0:115:3f57:fe4c/128

Explanation: In the IPv6 address scheme, the network of fe80::/10 is

reserved for link-local addresses. The address fe80::/64 is a
network address that indicates, in this workstation, fe80::/64 is
actually used for link-local addresses. Thus the address
fe80::30d0:115:3f57:fe4c/128 is a valid IPv6 link-local address.

41. What type of IPv6 address is represented by ::1/128?

 EUI-64 generated link-local

 global unicast
 unspecified
 loopback

42. Which statement describes network security?

 It supports growth over time in accordance with approved
network design procedures.
 It synchronizes traffic flows using timestamps.
 It ensures sensitive corporate data is available for authorized users.
 It prioritizes data flows in order to give priority to delay-
sensitive traffic.

43. Which two devices would be described as intermediary devices? (Choose two.)
 wireless LAN controller
 server
 assembly line robots
 IPS
 gaming console
 retail scanner

44. What characteristic describes spyware?

 software that is installed on a user device and collects information about the user
 the use of stolen credentials to access private data
 an attack that slows or crashes a device or network service
 a network device that filters access and traffic coming into a
network

45. Refer to the exhibit. The exhibit shows a small switched network and the
contents of the MAC address table of the switch. PC1 has sent a frame addressed to
PC3. What will the switch do with the frame?

 The switch will discard the frame.

 The switch will forward the frame to all ports.
 The switch will forward the frame only to port 2.
 The switch will forward the frame only to ports 1 and 3.
 The switch will forward the frame to all ports except port 4.

Explanation: The MAC address of PC3 is not present in the MAC

table of the switch. Because the switch does not know where to
send the frame that is addressed to PC3, it will forward the frame
to all the switch ports, except for port 4, which is the incoming
port.

46. Which destination address is used in an ARP request frame?

 0.0.0.0
 255.255.255.255
 the physical address of the destination host
 FFFF.FFFF.FFFF
 AAAA.AAAA.AAAA

Explanation:
The purpose of an ARP request is to find the MAC address of the
destination host on an Ethernet LAN. The ARP process sends a
Layer 2 broadcast to all devices on the Ethernet LAN. The frame
contains the IP address of the destination and the broadcast
MAC address, FFFF.FFFF.FFFF. The host with the IP address that
matches the IP address in the ARP request will reply with a
unicast frame that includes the MAC address of the host. Thus
the original sending host will obtain the destination IP and MAC
address pair to continue the encapsulation process for data
transmission.
 47. Refer to the exhibit. PC1 issues an ARP request because it needs to send a packet
to PC3. In this scenario, what will happen next?

 SW1 will send an ARP reply with its Fa0/1 MAC address.
 RT1 will send an ARP reply with its own Fa0/0 MAC address.
 RT1 will forward the ARP request to PC3.
 RT1 will send an ARP reply with the PC3 MAC address.
 RT1 will send an ARP reply with its own Fa0/1 MAC address.

Explanation: When a network device has to communicate with a

device on another network, it broadcasts an ARP request asking
for the default gateway MAC address. The default gateway (RT1)
unicasts an ARP reply with the Fa0/0 MAC address.

48. A network administrator is issuing the login block-for 180 attempts 2 within 30
command on a router. Which threat is the network administrator trying to prevent?
 a user who is trying to guess a password to access the router
 a worm that is attempting to access another part of the
network
 an unidentified individual who is trying to access the network
equipment room
 a device that is trying to inspect the traffic on a link

Explanation: The login block-for 180 attempts 2 within 30 command

will cause the device to block authentication after 2
unsuccessful attempts within 30 seconds for a duration of 180
seconds. A device inspecting the traffic on a link has nothing to
 do with the router. The router configuration cannot prevent
unauthorized access to the equipment room. A worm would not
attempt to access the router to propagate to another part of the
network.

49. Which statement describes the characteristics of packet-

filtering and stateful firewalls as they relate to the OSI model?

 A packet-filtering firewall uses session layer information to

track the state of a connection, whereas a stateful firewall
uses application layer information to track the state of a
connection.
 Both stateful and packet-filtering firewalls can filter at the
application layer.
 A packet-filtering firewall typically can filter up to the transport layer, whereas a
stateful firewall can filter up to the session layer.
 A stateful firewall can filter application layer information,
whereas a packet-filtering firewall cannot filter beyond the
network layer.

Explanation: Packet filtering firewalls can always filter Layer 3

content and sometimes TCP and UDP-based content. Stateful
firewalls monitor connections and thus have to be able to
support up to the session layer of the OSI model.

50. What are two ways to protect a computer from malware? (Choose two.)
 Empty the browser cache.
 Use antivirus software.
 Delete unused software.
 Keep software up to date.
 Defragment the hard disk.

Explanation: At a minimum, a computer should use antivirus

software and have all software up to date to defend against
malware.

51. The employees and residents of Ciscoville cannot access the

Internet or any remote web-based services. IT workers quickly
determine that the city firewall is being flooded with so much
 traffic that a breakdown of connectivity to the Internet is
occurring. Which type of attack is being launched at Ciscoville?

 access
 Trojan horse
 reconnaissance
 DoS

Explanation: A DoS (denial of service) attack prevents authorized

users from using one or more computing resources.

52. Which two statements describe the characteristics of fiber-optic cabling?

(Choose two.)
 Fiber-optic cabling does not conduct electricity.
 Multimode fiber-optic cabling carries signals from multiple
sending devices.
 Fiber-optic cabling is primarily used as backbone cabling.
 Fiber-optic cabling uses LEDs for single-mode cables and laser
technology for multimode cables.
 Fiber-optic cabling has high signal loss.

Explanation: Fiber-optic cabling is primarily used for high-traffic

backbone cabling and does not conduct electricity. Multimode
fiber uses LEDs for signaling and single-mode fiber uses laser
technology. FIber-optic cabling carries signals from only one
device to another.

53. What OSI physical layer term describes the measure of the transfer of bits
across a medium over a given period of time?
 latency
 goodput
 throughput
 bandwidth
 54. Refer to the exhibit. What is the maximum possible throughput between the PC
and the server?

 10 Mb/s
 1000 Mb/s
 128 kb/s
 100 Mb/s

Explanation: The maximum throughput between any two nodes on a

network is determined by the slowest link between those nodes.

55. Match the description with the media. (Not all options are
used.)
 Ex
planation: UTP cables are used in wired office environments.
Coaxial cables are used to connect cable modems and
televisions. Fiber optics are used for high transmission speeds
and to transfer data over long distances. STP cables are used in
environments where there is a lot of interference.