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40 49

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Thư Trần Anh
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40

a)
The annual expenditure on food and drink is normally distributed with mean = $ 5700 and
standard deviation = $ 1500
From table 1 of Appendix B, we have:
P (z < -1.28) = 0.10
So a z-value of -1.28 cuts off an area of approximately 10% in the lower tail.
x-value corresponding to z = -1.28 is:
= 5700 + (-1.28) (1500)
= 3780
So the range of expenditure of the 10% of families with the lowest annual-spending on food
and drink is less than or equal to $3780 annually.
b)
In a set with mean and standard deviation , the zscore of a measure X is given by:
The Z-score measures how many standard deviations the measure is from the mean. After
finding the Z-score, we look at the z-score table and find the p-value associated with this z-
score. This p-value is the probability that the value of the measure is smaller than X, that is,
the percentile of X. Subtracting 1 by the pvalue, we get the probability that the value of the
measure is greater than X.
In this problem, we have that:
What percentage of families spend less than $7000 annually on food and drink? This is the
pvalue of Z when X = 7000. So has a pvalue of 0.8078
80.78% of families spend less than $7000 annually on food and drink
41
a)
The Empirical Rule states that, for a normally distributed random variable:
68% of the measures are within 1 standard deviation of the mean.
95% of the measures are within 2 standard deviation of the mean.
99.7% of the measures are within 3 standard deviations of the mean.
In this problem, we have that:
Mean = 10
Standard deviation = 0.15.
Probability of a defect
Weights less than 9.85 oz or greater than 10.15 oz will be classified as defects.
9.85 = 10 - 0.15
10.15 = 10 + 0.15
By the Empirical Rule, 68% of weights are between 9.85 and 10.15, that is, within the limits.
32% are not within the limits.
So there is a 32% probability of a defect.
Expected number of defects for a 1000-unit production run.
E(X) = 0.32*1000 = 320

The expected number of defects for a 1000-unit production run is 320.


42
. Suppose you learn that 5% of American households spend less than $1000 for daily
transportation. What is the standard deviation of the amount spent?
Find the z-value with a left tail of 5%::
invNorm(0.05) = -1.645
Note:: x = z*s + u
Solve for "s"::
1000 = -1.645*s + 6312
s = (1000-6312)/-1.645 = $3229.18
-----------------------------
b. What is the probability that a household spends between $4000 and $6000? z(4000) =
(4000-6312)/3229.18 = -0.7160
z(6000) = (6000-6312)/3229.18 = -0.0966
Ans: P(4000<= x <=6000) = P(-0.7160<= z <= -0.0966) = 0.2245 ----------------
c. What is the range of spending for the 3% of households with the highest daily
transportation costs.
Find the z-value with a left-tail of 97%
invNorm(0.97) = 1.8808
Find the corresponding cost::
x = 1.8808*3229.18+6312 = $12385.42 44.
Let price of service be x
X ~N(150,25^2)
Let Z=x-150/25
Z~N(0,1)
P(X>200)=P(25Z+150>200)
=P{Z>z}
45.
given μ = 1550, σ= 300
a. The probability of fewer than 1000 fatal crashes in a year is
z= x-μ/σ= 1000-1550/300=-1.8
P(x<1000)=P(z<-1.8) = 0.0336
b. The probability the number of fatal crashes will be between 1000 and 2000 for a year is
z=x-μ/σ =1000-1550/300= -1.8
z=x-μ/σ = 2000-1550/300 = 1.5
P(1000<x<2000)=P(-1.8<z<1.5) = P(z<1.5)-P(-1.8<z) = 0.9332- 0.0336=0.8996
c. Fatal crashes would have to occur
P(X>x) =0.05
⇔ P(x- μ/σ > x-1550/300)=0.05
⇔ P(z >x-2550300)=0.05

⇔ 1- P(z >x-1550/300)=0.95 ⇔ x-1550/300 = 1.645


⇔ x = 2043.5
46.
given μ= 450,σ=100
a.we have z=x-μ/σ= 400-450/100= -0.5
z= x-μ/σ= 500-450/100= 0.5
P(400<x<500)=P(-0.5<x<0.5) = P(z<0.5)-P(-0.5<z)=0.6925-0.3085=0.383
=> Percentage of the people taking the test score is 38.3%
b.we have z=x-μ/σ=630-450/100=1.8
P(x<630)=P(z<1.8)=0.9641
=> Percentage score worse is 1- 0.9641 = 0.0359
=> 3.59%
c. we have z=x-μ/σ= 480-450/100=0.3
P(x>480)=P(x>0.3) = 1-P(x<0.3)= 1- 0.6179 = 0.3821
=> Percentage of the person taking the test would be acceptable to the university is: 38.32%
47.given
μ1= 88592 ,σ1=19900
μ2= 97417 ,σ2 =21800
a.The probability that a brand manager in Houston has a base salary in excess of $100,000
is we have: z1 = x-μ1/σ1= 100000-88592/19900=0.573 P(x>100000)=P(z1>0.573)=P(z1<-
0.573)=0.2843
b. The probability that a brand manager in Los Angeles has a base salary in excess of
$100,000 is
z2= x-μ2/σ2= 100000-97417/21800= 0.12
P(x>100000) = P(x>0.12)=P(z<-0.12) = 0.4522
c. The probability that a brand manager in Los Angeles has a base salary of less than
$75,000 is
z2= x-μ2/σ2= 75000-97417/21800= -1.02
P(x<75000) = P(x<-1.02)=0.1515
d. A brand manager in Los Angeles have to make in order to have a higher salary than 99%
of the brand managers in Houston is
we have P=0.99%
=>z=2.33
so x = z*σ+ μ= 2.33*19900+ 88592=134959
48. given x= 18, σ= 0.6 we have P= 0.02 => z = -2 and z =x-μ/σ
⇔ -2 = 18-μ/0.6
⇔ μ = 19.2

49. given p= 0.75 , n =50


so we have the mean of the Normal Distribution is given by:μ = 0.75*50 =37.5
The standard deviation of Normal Distribution is: σ = 𝑛𝑝(1 − 𝑝) =
50 * 0. 75(1 − 0. 75) =3.061862 a.
The percentage of the students who have done their homework and attended lectures will
obtain a grade of A on this multiple-choice examination is
P(X>=43) =P ( x-μ/σ >= 43-37.5/3.061862) =P(z>=1.796292) = 0.359= 35,9%
b.
The percentage of students who have done their homework and attended lectures will obtain
a grade of C on this multiple-choice exam is
P(35<=x<=39)=P(35<=x-μ/σ<=39)
=P(35-μ/σ<=x-μ/σ<=39-μ/σ)
=P(35-37.5/3.061862<=z<=39-37.5/3.061862) =P(−0.816496≤z≤0.489897)
= 0.4818=48.18%
c.
The percentage of students who have done their homework and attended lectures will obtain
a grade of C on this multiple-choice exam is
P(x>=30)
⇔ P(x-μ/σ>=30)
⇔P(z>=30-37.5/3.061862)
=> P(z>=2.449489)=0.0071=0.71%
d.
The chance of him getting a correct answer is 1 out of 4. n=50, p=1⁄4
μ = 0.25*50 =12.5
The standard deviation of Normal Distribution is: σ = 𝑛𝑝(1 − 𝑝) =
50 * 0. 25(1 − 0. 25) =3.061862
The probability that this student will answer 30 or more questions correctly and pass the
examination is
P(x>=30)
⇔ P(x-μ/σ>=30)
⇔P(z>=30-12.5/3.061862)
=> P(z>=5.7154764)=0%

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