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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
1.Difference between service base and product base company?
Product based company Service based company
1. A Product based company is one that has its own 1. A Service based company is an enterprise offers
product to sell to consumers through the market. services to its clients.
2. Quality is main. 2. Client is main.
3. They hire only a limited no of candidates from 3. They recruit a large no of candidates during the
top colleges around the world. campus placements.
4. Job security is high. 4. Job security is low.

2. List out some companies under service based and product based companies?
Product based companies:- Google, Microsoft, Amazon, Oracle, IBM, Intel.
Service based companies:- Infosys, TCS, Wipro, Cognizant, Capgemini, NIT DATA.

3. What is the current most popular model using by the companies?

Waterfall model-All stages of development are sequential.
Agile
V-model
Spiral model

4. List out the testing tools and its purpose?

Software testing tools:-
Test Complete:- It is developed by smart bear software it ensures the quality of the application without
sacrificing quality or agility.
Lambda test:- It is a cross browser testing tool. It helps to streamline software testing process.
Test rail:- It is a test management tool. It helps to streamline software testing process.
X-Ray:- It is a test management app for jira. It helps to plan, execute and track quality assurance.
Zephyr Scale:- It is a test time management provides a smarter & more structured way to plan, manage
and measure tests.

Test project:- It is a test automation tool that allows users to create automated tested
for mobile and web applications.

5. List out the companies works on cyber securities?

Software Engineering:- Build & develop systems companies cyber security.
Cisco, Sophos, Google, IBM(International Business Machine), Microsoft, Goudstrike, EMC, Dark Trace,
Fortinet, Symantec.

6. What are the Standalone applications and dynamic applications?

Standalone applications:- Stand alone applications are a type of software program that is designed to run
on a single computer or local machine of the user, does not need for a server or internet connection. This
application provides a no of benefits, such as offline capabilities, and greater customization(the action of
modifying something to suit a particular individual or task).
Example: Notepad, Calculator, Microsoft word, Adobe photo shop.
Dynamic applications:- A Dynamic web application is a type of application that can change its content,
appearance, and functionality in response to user input, system events, and information. Dynamic web
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applications may make use of features such as load-time data-driven forms, AIAX, databases, or other
services that respond to external events.
Example: Youtube’s website content has dynamically updated in response to your input.

7. What is a client and server and their examples.

Characteristics Client Server
Defination A Computer device which asks a A Server offers services to other
server for services is known as a devices connected to network.
customer. A server primary functions
The customer is the front end include accepting and completing
element in client and server customer requests as well as
architecture which communicate, storing and managing data.
with the user and sends requests
to the server.
Support of login Login of single users. Multiple users login.
Examples Laptops, desktops. Web servers, database severs and
file servers.
Performance The client performance is less The Server performance is high
when we compare it with the when we compare it with the
server. client.
Functionality It completely depends on the It sends the requested services to
services of server because the the client based on their
server generates the services requirements.
requested by the client.

8. What are the jobs available on databases and their companies?

Jobs Available:- Oracle DBA, Oracle database Administration Application Lead, Senior SQL DBA,
Consultant Oracle DBA, Senior Database Administrator.

Companies:- Airtels, Exl, Accenture, Swiggy, Oracle, firebird, SQ life, My SQL, SCV,
Mango ,Texadata.

9. Where are the google servers located?

Products
Continent Location Geo Cloud Location Timeline Description
Location

North
Arcola (VA), USA 38°56′35.99″N 77°31′27.61″ Loudoun County N. Virginia (us-east4) 2017 - announced[4][5]
America
W

North 350
Atlanta (GA), USA 33°44′59.04″N 84°35′5.33″ Douglas County - 2003 - launched
America employees
W

2020 - announced[7]
South Cerrillos, Santiago
-
America Santiago, Chile 33°31′14″S 70°43′18″W[6] (southamerica-west1)
2021 - launched[8]

Asia Changhua Changhua Taiwan 2011 - announced 60 employees

County, Taiwan 24°08′18.6″N 120°25′32.6″ County
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Products
Continent Location Geo Cloud Location Timeline Description
Location

E (asia-east1) 2013 - launched

North Clarksville (TN), Montgomery

- 2015 - announced
America USA 36°37′16″N 87°15′47″W County
North Columbus (OH),
- Columbus (us-east5) 2022 - launched[9]
America USA
2007 - announced

2009 - completed first

phase completed
North Council Bluffs 130
41°13′17.7″N 95°51′49.92″ Council Bluffs
America (IA), USA employees
W
2012 and 2015 -
expanded

10. What are the different versions of Android?

Nougat
Oreo
ICECREAM Sandwich
Android 5 Lollipop
Android 11
Android honeycomb honeycomb
Android eclair eclair
Android 13

Froyo
Gingerbread

Jelly Bean

Lollipop

Marshmallow
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Android 9 Pie

Android q beta features

Android versions pie

Cupcake

Eclair

Honeycomb

Alpha

KitKat
Android 10
Android 12

11. What are the characteristics of software?

Top Characteristics of Software

The quality of a software product is determined by what it offers and how easily it can be used. Software
is judged by different people on different grounds. Customers, for instance, want software that meets their
specific needs. Similarly, developers engaged in designing, coding, and maintaining the software
determine the quality of the software by assessing its internal characteristics. Let’s check them out…
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1. Functionality

The functionality of software refers to its ability to perform and function according to design
specifications. In simple terms, software systems should function correctly, i.e. perform all the functions
for which they are designed.

The functions refer to the features that the end user, as well as the business, expect as basic facilities from
the system. All these functions must be integrated into the system. Many software applications out there
are designed for simplicity, but ultimately, the purpose of the software is to provide its users with the
desired functionality. In order to look like the best software product, it must have a clear appearance,
components, and functions. However, there are also those products out there that can provide a great deal
of value for your money.

2. Usability (User-friendly)

The user-friendliness of the software is characterized by its ease of use. In other words, learning how to
use the software should require less effort or time. Navigating the software is extremely important since it
helps determine the journey the user takes within the software. This is imperative to ensure visitors
remain on your website and have a positive experience, which leads to an increase in sales and brand
loyalty.

An important indicator of a good piece of software is its user interface, i.e., the smooth flow of its design.
A product with a great UI (User Interface) design is more likely to get noticed than one without. If a
software program isn’t user-friendly, users may have trouble navigating the software and using some of
its features. Software should require less time or effort to learn. Ideally, software should be easy to use
even by people with no IT experience.

3. Efficiency

Essentially, it refers to the software’s ability to utilize human and system resources such as time, effort,
CPU, memory, computation power, network bandwidth, files, databases, etc., as effectively and
efficiently as possible. For a software project to succeed, efficiency is crucial. In addition to meeting the
needs for which the software was made, it must also provide excellent features designed to assist users in
completing their tasks faster. Software should make efficient use of storage space and execute commands
according to timing requirements.

In order to be efficient, software must offer users proper value in terms of their time and cash. The market
is filled with products that cater to various industries, but only a handful of products are efficient enough
to benefit individuals and businesses. The medical billing software that Open Practice Solutions provides,
for instance, makes billing processes much more efficient for clients than those offered by other
companies.
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4. Flexibility

Software Flexibility refers to the ability of the software solution to adapt to potential or future changes in
its requirements. When evaluating the flexibility of software, look at how simple it is to add, modify, or
remove features without interfering with the current operation.

It is essential to keep up with rapidly changing markets, technologies, and customer needs. In software
development, change is inevitable; it can arise during the development process itself or as the result of
future requirements. Flexibility is therefore highly valued. Consequently, any software product must be
scalable, flexible, and easily adaptable to future technology. When designing or building a software
product, be sure to plan for these changes that are inevitably going to occur. Loose coupling of
components is the key to creating highly flexible systems.

12. What is metaphors 3?

Metaphors are used by software developers to explain abstract or unfamiliar concepts in more concrete
terms that customers & users can more easily understand.

Common metaphors:- viruses, bugs, crashes, fatal errors etc., Icons area great way to aid the process of
understanding symbols are to assist users to grasp concepts more quickly.

13. Encryption:-
Adaptive Software Development has been proposed by Jim Highsmith as a technique for building
complex software and system. The philosophical underpinnings of ASD focus. On human collaboration
and team self organization.

14. What is Chartering?

Chartering is an activity within the shipping industry whereby a shipowner hires out the use of their
vessel to a charterer. The contract between the parties is called a charterparty. The three main types of
charter are: demise charter, voyage charter, and time charter.

15. What is volatile requirements?

Volatile requirements These are requirements that are likely to change during the system development
process or after the system has been become operational. Examples of volatile requirements are
requirements resulting from government health-care policies or healthcare charging mechanisms.
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16. Draw the UseCase diagram for ATM machine?

17. What is UML?

UML:-

1. Unified Modeling Language.

2. UML is a way to visually represent the architecture design & implementation of complex software
systems.
3. There are to main categories – Structure diagram, behavioral diagram.
4. Structure diagrams show the things in the modeled system. They show different objects in a system.
5. Behavioral diagram show what would happen in a system. They describe how the objects interact with
each other to create a system
6. Structure diagrams – Class diagram, Component diagram, Deployment diagram, Object package
profile diagram.
7. Behavioral diagrams – Use-Case diagram, Activity state machine sequence, Communication diagram
etc.,
8. UML is way of visualizing software program using a collection of diagram.

18. Abbrevation of CASE and examples of CASE tools?

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Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) is the implementation of computer-facilitated tools and

methods in software development.
There are three types of CASE tools: upper-CASE, lower-CASE, and integrated CASE tools.

19. What is role of software engineering in development of web apps?

Application software engineers build websites and applications for end-users. You help build new
features and functionality as well as update and improve existing code to keep the product running
smoothly. Engineers may write front-end or back-end code — some write both. Programmer, developer,
coder. These are all terms sometimes used to refer to a software engineer. Put simply, a software engineer
is someone who creates computer software. But a more accurate way to think about the role is that you
apply engineering principles to the software development process — designing, developing, and
maintaining software. Great software engineers are exceptional problem solvers and essential partners in
the product development process. While product managers lead the product vision (focusing on "why" and
"what" to build), software engineers bring that vision to life. You deliver the technical "how" and help set
the timeline that answers "when." The field of software engineering is constantly evolving, making it an
exciting and dynamic career choice. And software engineers are in high demand. In fact, the U.S. Bureau
of Labor Statistics projects employment opportunities for software engineers will grow by 22 percent in the
decade leading up to 2030.

20. What are the Automated estimated tools for software project cost?
Estimation mistake
Parametric estimating
Analogous estimating
Expert judgment
Estimation techniques
Builder trend
Contractor Foreman
Cost of quality
Stack
Use case points

21. What are the tools used for scheduling task sets?

Gantt chart
Wrike
Monday. pricing
Asana
Hive
Trello
Critical path method
ProofHub
Calendar

Fast tracking
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Nifty

ClickUp

GanttPRO

Hub Planner

Microsoft Project

Simulation

SmartTask

Task dependencies

Zoho Projects
Task list
Duration compression
Program Evaluation and Review Technique
ProjectManager
Resource leveling

22. What are the tools used to track the progress of project?
Gantt chart
Dashboard
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Jira
Time tracker
Asana
ClickUp
Monday
Todoist
Trello
Wrike

Critical path analysis

Microsoft

Tasks

Work breakdown structure

Reporting

Timesheets

Backlog

Basecamp

Evaluation metrics
Project management
Kanban
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Project reports
Project tracking
Agile project management

23. What is BCWP and BCWS?

BCWP = Budgeted Cost of Work Performed = % Complete x BAC, the value of the work or $
accomplished to date in terms of the baseline schedule, otherwise known as earned value.

BCWS = Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled is the work or $ that should have been accomplished to date
according to the baseline plan.

BCWP is compared to BCWS to determine if the project is behind or ahead of where is projected to be.

24. What are the latest versions of Python.r?

Active Phython releases:-

3.13 prerelease 2024-10-01 (planned) 2029-10 PEP 719.

3.12 bugfix 2023-10-02 2028-10 PEP 693.
3.11 bugfix 2022-10-24 2027-10 PEP 664.
3.10 security 2021-10-04 2026-10 PEP 619.
3.9 security 2020-10-05 2025-10 PEP 596.
3.8 security 2019-10-14 2024-10 PEP 569.

25. What are the available software configuration management tools?

Ansible
Puppet
Chef
Salt
CFEngine
Rudder
Terraform
Juju
Octopus Deploy

Vagrant
github

26. Extensions for real time functions?

The Realtime extension incorporates the ANSI/IEEE standards POSIX 1003.1b-1993 and POSIX
1003.1i-1995.

The Realtime extension is organized as a Feature Group within the UNIX specification, denoted by the
symbol _XOPEN_REALTIME.
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27. What are the various file systems?

NTFS
FAT
Ext4
FAT32
exFAT
UFS
Third Extended Filesystem
Ext2
XFS

HFS Plus

Unix

Hard disk drive

Extended file system

VxFS

Hierarchical File System

28. Tools used to develop the website template?

WordPress. ...
Squarespace. ...
InVision Studio. ...
Figma. ...
Photoshop. ...
ProofHub. ...
Sketch. ...
Adobe Dreamweaver.
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29. Draw a class diagram of ATM?

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