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Complex Engineering PB

The document compares modern CPUs like Intel Core and AMD Ryzen to classical Intel 8085 and 8086 processors. Modern CPUs have advanced architectures like multiple cores and caches that provide significantly higher performance. Classical CPUs have simpler designs and lower performance, suitable only for basic tasks. Modern CPU techniques like dynamic voltage scaling also provide better energy efficiency than classical CPUs.

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hafsamasood226
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9 views4 pages

Complex Engineering PB

The document compares modern CPUs like Intel Core and AMD Ryzen to classical Intel 8085 and 8086 processors. Modern CPUs have advanced architectures like multiple cores and caches that provide significantly higher performance. Classical CPUs have simpler designs and lower performance, suitable only for basic tasks. Modern CPU techniques like dynamic voltage scaling also provide better energy efficiency than classical CPUs.

Uploaded by

hafsamasood226
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Complex Engineering Problem

Comparative Analysis of Modern and Classical Intel 8085 and 8086 Processors
In this comparative analysis, we examine the differences between modern CPUs and classical
Intel 8085 and 8086 processors in terms of architecture, performance, and energy consumption.

The objective of this research is to intricate realm of CPU technology, specifically focusing on
comparing modern CPUs exemplified by the Intel Core and AMD Ryzen series with classical
Intel 8085 or 8086 processors.

Impact on System Performance:

Modern CPUs:
Due to their advanced architectures and integration techniques, modern CPUs offer significantly
higher performance compared to classical CPUs. Multiple CPU cores, larger cache sizes, and
advanced instruction execution capabilities enable modern CPUs to execute tasks faster and
handle complex workloads more efficiently.

8085 and 8086 Processors:


The performance of the Intel 8085 and 8086 processors is limited compared to modern CPUs.
Their simpler architecture and lack of advanced features result in lower computational speed and
multitasking capabilities. These processors are suitable for basic computing tasks but may
struggle with more demanding applications.

(R. Colwell, "The VLIW approach to processor design)

Architecture and Integration of Modern CPUs and Classical Intel 8085 and 8086
Processors:

Modern CPUs:
Modern CPUs, such as those found in Intel Core and AMD Ryzen series, feature complex
architectures designed for high performance and efficiency. They typically include multiple
cores, advanced cache hierarchies, and out-of-order execution engines. These architectures are
optimized for parallel execution of instructions and are capable of handling complex
computational tasks efficiently.

8085 and 8086 Processors:


The Intel 8085 and 8086 processors have simpler architectures with a single core. They lack
features such as out-of-order execution and advanced cache hierarchies. The instruction sets of
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these processors are less complex compared to modern CPUs, limiting their ability to execute
multiple instructions simultaneously.

(R. Colwell, "The VLIW approach to processor design)


Impact on Energy Consumption:

Modern CPUs:
Despite their higher performance, modern CPUs are designed to optimize energy consumption.
Advanced power management techniques, such as dynamic voltage and frequency scaling, allow
modern CPUs to adjust power consumption based on workload demands.

8085 and 8086 Processors:


Classical CPUs like the Intel 8085 and 8086 processors have higher energy consumption
compared to modern CPUs. Their simpler architectures and lack of advanced power management
techniques result in less efficient utilization of power resources, leading to higher overall energy
consumption.

(R. Colwell, "The VLIW approach to processor design)

Techniques Employed in Modern CPUs:


Multiple Cores: Modern CPUs typically feature multiple cores, allowing for parallel execution
of tasks. This enables higher throughput and improved multitasking capabilities.

Out-of-Order Execution: Modern CPUs use sophisticated out-of-order execution engines to


dynamically reorder instructions for optimal execution. This technique helps maximize
instruction throughput and utilization of execution units.
Advanced Cache Hierarchy: Modern CPUs incorporate larger and more efficient cache
hierarchies, including L1, L2, and sometimes L3 caches. These caches reduce memory access
latency and improve overall system performance.

Simultaneous Multithreading (SMT): Some modern CPUs implement SMT, also known as
hyper-threading, which allows each physical CPU core to execute multiple threads
simultaneously. This technique improves CPU utilization and throughput.

Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS): Modern CPUs dynamically adjust their
operating voltage and frequency based on workload demands. DVFS helps optimize energy
consumption without sacrificing performance.
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Techniques Employed Classical Intel 8085 or 8086 Processors:

Single Core Execution: Classical Intel 8085 or 8086 processors have a single core and execute
instructions sequentially. They lack support for parallel execution of tasks.

Simple Instruction Set: The instruction sets of classical processors like the 8085 or 8086 are
relatively simple compared to modern CPUs. They have fewer instructions and lack advanced
features such as SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) or vector instructions.

Limited Cache: The cache hierarchy in classical processors is limited compared to modern
CPUs. They typically have smaller caches or no cache at all, resulting in higher memory access
latency.
Fixed Operating Frequency: Classical processors operate at a fixed frequency and do not
dynamically adjust voltage or frequency based on workload demands. This can lead to
suboptimal energy efficiency under varying workloads.

No Hardware Accelerators: Classical processors like the 8085 or 8086 lack integrated hardware
accelerators for specialized tasks. All computations are performed by the CPU core, limiting
efficiency and performance for certain workloads.

A. Agarwal, M. Horowitz, "Instruction-level parallel processing: History, overview and


perspective," Journal of Supercomputing, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 111-140, 1991.
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Conclusion:
Our analysis highlights the superiority of modern CPUs like the Intel Core and AMD Ryzen
series over classical CPUs such as the Intel 8085 or 8086 processors. Modern CPUs, with their
advanced architecture, intensive integration, and optimization techniques, offer unparalleled
performance and energy efficiency.

This comparison underscores the critical role of innovation in CPU design to meet the ever-
growing demands of computing. Moving forward, continued research and development efforts
are essential to further enhance CPU technology and ensure sustainable progress in the field.

References:

 Agarwal, M. Horowitz, "Instruction-level parallel processing: History, overview and


perspective," Journal of Supercomputing, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 111-140, 1991.
 D. Burger, T. M. Austin, "The simplescalar tool set, version 2.0," SIGARCH Computer
Architecture News, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 13-25, 1997.
 R. Colwell, "The VLIW approach to processor design," IEEE Spectrum, vol. 30, no. 7,
pp. 24-33, 1993.

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