DEPRTNERNT OE PIY$1S

NIT AGARTALA)
NAME CqAURAV kUMAR
ER10 21 UPEO93

XEgistsation no
Defastmet Psoduction Erginessig
SECTO L
DATE D Exfesiment 6 FEb

Svkject PhysTC
 Physics Leberetery Werkbook

Experiment No. 7 Refractive index

Alm of the experiment

To measure angle of the prism and the angle of minimum deviation Jor
index of the
paralel rays on spectrometer and hence find the refractive
material of the prism

Apparatus reguired
.Spectrometer
2. Monochromatic light (Na-vapor lamp)
3. Prism
Magnifying lens

Workng formula
fA be the angle of the prism and 6 be the minimum deviation of a ay of
monochromatic light refracted through the prism in a principle section, tben the refracive
index of the material of the prism u for light of the given wavelength, is expressed by

sin )
P-

sin

Pg 7.1: Erperimental setup for the determination of angle of a prsm

62
 Payles Labere tery Workbeok

Procedure
Flnding the angle of prism
Placed the prism on the prism table with one of its refracting faces perpendicular to the
line joining two of the travelling screws of the table and with its vertex al the centreof
the table.
Level it optically. Adjust the prism
that it's vertex is dirccted
so
towards the collimator
and the axis of the collimator cuts the basc of the
prisn neariy verlically. The paralled
beam of lighi from the collimator will now fal
simultaneously on both the refracting
faces of tbe
3. See the
pnsm.
image formed by reflection from one faco of the prism with unaided cye and
then set tbe telescope to receive the reflecied beam shown in
Fig. 7.2. Bring the junction
of thecros-vire into coincidepce with the ccntre of the image by
moving the telescope
slowly by its tangent screw. Note the readings ofr the both the verniers and repcal this for
three independent settings of the telescope.
Repeat the operation 3 for the inage formed by reflection from the other face of the
prisn.
S. Find tbe angle between the two positions of the telescope. This gives twice the angle of
the prism.

T SOURCE

cOLMATORR

PRUSM TABLE

TELESCOPET TELESCOPE T

Flg7.2: Ray diagram to determine anple of the prism

53
 Phyales Leboretory Yorkbook

To find the angje of minlmum deviation

Source

Collimator

Fg 73: Ray diagran to determiae the minimum deviation positdon of prism

1. To find the minimum deviation, the prism is placed on the prism tabie one of its faces
(AB) directed towards the collimator and the center of the prism coinciding with the
centre of the table as sbown in F1g73.
2. On looking through the other hce (AC) of the prism and towards its base BC, we sbal
see the refracted image of the slit. The prism table is tben rotated in a
proper
until this refiracted image (as seen by the eye) approaches as Dear to the direct path of tbe direction
rays (shown by dorted line) from the colimator, possible. 1This position of this prism
s its minimum position. The telescope is brought to the position of the eye
now
(position Ti of Fig. 7.3) to make the centre of the crosswire coincident with one edge
(ay right edge) of the slit image.
3. The prism table is then roiated a bit
by the tangent screw to displace the image by a veryY
small amount in the direction of its decreasing deviafion. The
telescope is Dext rotated
by tangent screw attached to it so that the centre of tbe cross wire
may
with the same
again councide
cdge of the slit mag. Tbese
telescope are to be continued until the slowbegins
image just
adustments of the
to urm back.
prism table and
At this time, the
readings of both the verniers are noted for three different settings of the telescope for
minimum deviation. The mean of three
readings comesponding to each vernier is
determined.
 Physles Labera iey Werhboeh
4. The prism is nowwithdrawn and the direct light is received
by the telescope (at the
position T ofFig 73). The centre of the eross wire is made
coincident with the same
edge of the slit image as before and hree
reading are noted from cach vemier for thrce
independent settings of the
telescopc
for direct mys. The mcan of the thrce
coTesponding to Is vermier 1s 0gain Iounds out. readings
S. Tbe deference between mean
readings for the minimum deviated rays and direct ny is
determined separniely for each vemier and the mean of these two dilerences givs ihe
minimum deviaion Om. Knowing A and dmr Can be calculated rom the working
1ormula

Experimental Results
Table
Vernier constant (v.c) for the
spectrometer
divisions (say, m) of the vermier scalc -divisions (say, n) of the main scale.

Vaue of 1 smallest
Value of I vernier division Vernier constant
main scale divisions
V.e((-i)
(min or sec) (min or sec)
min or sec)

30 30

65
 Physlcs Leboratory Workbe

Table 2
Determiastion of angle of the prism
Readings at the first position Rcadings at the second
of the telescope posiion o the ielcacopP

Main Vernier Total Main Vernier

scale scale X-M+V Total
M) (V YM+
e mn degree(degreel ee
Sec) i
ec)
min
Sec)

10 5010255 |223o0 1200 10sad|

210f3o| 4us3o|22s00"| 0 200 12050
49 30
-143
2430

1ofso 2's|223oo 223o 2doo

24"
26'sd 2 s 4306 0430 1201s 0
|237 39
30
2494240o 0 30 12016
2 21230 2430
00
a 20

25
1'30

s6
 Physks Leberetery Workbe

Caleulation
obs Iist posiion)
Angle of the prism
i Vernfet stale divisim ( VSD) Fom Vi 50= 5030"= Is00": 25'
-

obs:2
Vs D ttom V: 49 4 9130= 1430 24'30"=

g6S VvSD iom Vy= 4? 4¢T

B0"=1440" 24' =

4 V s o * om V: 23 23130-c90 '30"
obs vsD fsorm Vz 24 : ZYx30"- 720" 2'
- Vs0 om V2 25: 25130 +50"=12'30"
Fa nd Pos" lfar Y
sP Tot+al {y)=MtM;z23 o,V-O Y-22300
065 S . T>MV 2230 0
- 3 o0
fr b s i () 102 ss, lobs 2) t- |02'54s0"»bbs 3)3 - l01s
Oiferen V bsi 120s'o0"obs -120°s'so", obs 3' 12 OC00

e 20 5+120osso"+1 20'»«)/3 = 120os'30", 82 :l126is'so;nd18'n'iis )a20

Maan diA | L : |20°|145, Angle o p7ism ,A-6/2 120
i'4S"/1:G005 $2.S
sin a
sin
Here & is the angle of minimum deviation and it has a value 40°

A G0'5'525"
U- sfn [(o*ss2-5"+ 40)/
sin G0'5'52:5"| 2
sin
too's557
Sin [30°25'2625"
sin 501s'265")
0.5006 67

0-5005
5311
 hysica Laberetery Horkb eok

Computation of the percentage error

in sin 2
Noting that 6A = V.C. and 6(Gm)= 29.C.

-Lcot o'.s'425")4 to302s'h5")|to.00o145

=

[0:* 3*9 +r292]0.0001s

(125685+ 0.®¢4 0.00014S
Hence percentage error 0.00 0304
1000.000303. X100
0:0304
Results
Hence, the measured value of angle of prism is..

Frecautions
I. The source sbould be properly aligpecd.
2. While measuring the angle of the prism, the
prism should be placed on the table with its
the centre of the table.
3.
veriex conciding with
While rotating the telescope or the
prism table fom one position
to other, sometimes it
may sbow bappen tbat the zero ol the vermier crosies hc zero ot
the main scalc.
student should note this carefully and, if so
The
happcns, he/she must find oul (J60
difference of the two readings) to get the correct valuc of the
angle turned through.

b8
 Phyaics Laberetory Workboak
4. Never touch the polish side of the
prism.
S.Tbe parallax between the cross-wires aod the image of the stit must be avoided.
Related questions
L. What the
are
edge, principal sectioa, face, base and angle of a
2 How does the deviation of a ay prism?
vary with its gle of incidence?
3. How the
does devistion cbange
4.What is the condition for
with the colour of incident light7
obtaining minimum deviation?
S. Wbat smonochromatic ight? Do you consider the sodium
light striculy
monochromatic?
6. How does the deviation a
ray vary with the angle of tbe prism?
7. Canyou expect an emergent ray, for aay incident ray of the
8.
prism?
Way do you take sodium light and not white light to find the refractive index
of the
prisc?

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