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Chapter 4 Iwt

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7 views4 pages

Chapter 4 Iwt

Uploaded by

Bidu Smita
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Server-side programming languages are used to develop applications that run on


the server rather than the client's browser. These languages, such as PHP, Python,
Ruby, and Node.js, execute on the server and generate dynamic content that is then
sent to the client's browser.

**Benefits**:
- **Dynamic Content Generation**: Server-side languages allow for the creation
of dynamic web pages that can change based on user input, database queries, or
other factors.
- **Database Interaction**: They enable interaction with databases to store and
retrieve data, making them crucial for building dynamic websites and web
applications.
- **Security**: Server-side languages can handle sensitive operations and data
securely on the server, reducing the risk of exposing critical information to
clients.
- **Scalability**: Server-side languages facilitate scalable solutions by
processing requests on the server, allowing for more efficient resource management
and handling of multiple concurrent users.
- **Platform Independence**: These languages are often platform-independent,
meaning they can run on various server environments, providing flexibility in
deployment.

2. In PHP, there are mainly four types of database connections commonly used:

- **MySQLi (MySQL Improved)**: This is an improved version of the MySQL


extension and offers various benefits like support for prepared statements,
transactions, and more.
- **PDO (PHP Data Objects)**: PDO provides a consistent interface for accessing
databases in PHP, supporting multiple database types such as MySQL, PostgreSQL,
SQLite, etc.
- **MySQL Functions**: These are the traditional MySQL functions used for
database connectivity in PHP. However, they are deprecated as of PHP 5.5.0 and
removed in PHP 7.0.0.
- **ODBC**: PHP supports ODBC (Open Database Connectivity), allowing
connectivity to various databases through a standardized interface.

3. **Predefined Functions in PHP**:

- **strlen()**: Returns the length of a string.


```php
$str = "Hello, world!";
echo strlen($str); // Outputs: 13
```

- **date()**: Formats a timestamp into a human-readable date and time.


```php
echo date("Y-m-d H:i:s"); // Outputs: Current date and time in YYYY-MM-DD
HH:MM:SS format
```

- **explode()**: Splits a string by a specified delimiter and returns an array


of substrings.
```php
$str = "apple,banana,orange";
$fruits = explode(",", $str);
print_r($fruits); // Outputs: Array ( [0] => apple [1] => banana [2] => orange
)
```
- **strtolower()**: Converts a string to lowercase.
```php
$str = "HELLO WORLD";
echo strtolower($str); // Outputs: hello world
```

4. **Type Casting in PHP** involves converting a value from one data type to
another.

- **Implicit Type Casting**: PHP automatically converts the variable's data type
based on the context.
```php
$num_int = 10; // integer
$num_float = $num_int + 5.5; // implicit conversion to float
echo $num_float; // Outputs: 15.5
```

- **Explicit Type Casting**: Developers can explicitly cast a variable to a


specific data type using casting operators.
```php
$num_float = 10.5; // float
$num_int = (int)$num_float; // explicit conversion to integer
echo $num_int; // Outputs: 10
```

- **Set Type**: PHP 7 introduced a new feature called "settype()" function which
changes the data type of a variable.
```php
$num = "10"; // string
settype($num, "int"); // change to integer
echo $num; // Outputs: 10
```

Type casting is essential for ensuring data compatibility and performing


operations correctly in PHP.

long question
Sure, here are the PHP programs for each of your requests:

1. PHP program to add two numbers entered via a text box:

```php
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Addition Program</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Addition Program</h2>
<form method="post">
<label for="num1">Enter first number:</label>
<input type="text" id="num1" name="num1"><br><br>
<label for="num2">Enter second number:</label>
<input type="text" id="num2" name="num2"><br><br>
<input type="submit" value="Add">
</form>

<?php
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
$num1 = $_POST['num1'];
$num2 = $_POST['num2'];
$result = $num1 + $num2;
echo "Result: " . $result;
}
?>
</body>
</html>
```

2. PHP program to establish a connection with MySQL database:

```php
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username"; // Your MySQL username
$password = "password"; // Your MySQL password

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password);

// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
echo "Connected successfully";
?>
```

3. PHP program to print prime numbers between 1 to 100:

```php
<?php
function is_prime($num) {
if ($num <= 1) return false;
for ($i = 2; $i <= sqrt($num); $i++) {
if ($num % $i == 0) return false;
}
return true;
}

echo "Prime numbers between 1 to 100: ";


for ($i = 2; $i <= 100; $i++) {
if (is_prime($i)) {
echo $i . " ";
}
}
?>
```

4. Difference between GET and POST methods with advantages and disadvantages:

**GET Method**:
- **Advantages**:
- GET method appends form data to the URL, making it easier to bookmark or share.
- It is suitable for retrieving data from the server.
- **Disadvantages**:
- Data is visible in the URL, posing a security risk for sensitive information.
- Limited amount of data can be sent, as URL has a maximum length limit.
- Not suitable for sending large amounts of data or sensitive information.

**POST Method**:
- **Advantages**:
- POST method sends form data in the HTTP request body, making it more secure for
sensitive information.
- It can handle large amounts of data as there are no restrictions on data
length.
- Suitable for sending data that should not be visible in the URL.
- **Disadvantages**:
- It is slightly more complex to implement compared to GET.
- Not suitable for bookmarking or sharing form data as it is not appended to the
URL.

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