Open navigation menu
Close suggestions
Search
Search
en
Change Language
Upload
Sign in
Sign in
Download free for days
0 ratings
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
12 views
7 pages
DBMS Unit 3
notes for exam
Uploaded by
ghanendra750594
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content,
claim it here
.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Download
Save
Save DBMS Unit 3 For Later
Share
0%
0% found this document useful, undefined
0%
, undefined
Print
Embed
Report
0 ratings
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
12 views
7 pages
DBMS Unit 3
notes for exam
Uploaded by
ghanendra750594
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content,
claim it here
.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Carousel Previous
Carousel Next
Download
Save
Save DBMS Unit 3 For Later
Share
0%
0% found this document useful, undefined
0%
, undefined
Print
Embed
Report
Download
Save DBMS Unit 3 For Later
You are on page 1
/ 7
Search
Fullscreen
Dorr 03 ® eee NormatisAtion —»—_» Nogmatizations > dota petbared ncemolixation t 9 technique to oiganiaed ‘the concept af the tables got trorsactionnt databare and dotaworr hortets owt: ‘nctucer centing tables ond ert? estabtisring Relationships berucen thate tabler actasding to miu and maker the databare mo fletible by eemoving two factors ? ) Redundancy 9) Freonsutenty > Rovenracer OF — NoRmaciaationé ct gece the aatabare from cartain adsl, update and delete anomatiag » 6 Reducer the seneed to Aacbrettre the datokase as pus Khdt of dota ate Introduced. : 2 OF mote the database meee inyounative to were tncuding alpperent quartet. od avid Bating the datatare darign ‘w fovout of curtain quettier at the expance qf othert. ot allo: the opermtfonr needed for data ace to be ciple then they would Atheuwue hove “to bee Goat OF Noamacization © Rasanging dota ‘nto jicak groupings uch thot each aacmber % mail pale of “the whole © Minimining the amount of duplicot data catied aclundany and stored “Ww the Aatobare. © Organising the data auch that when you modify te you make the cnonger onty w sone place © Building 0 dotatote in which we con aceelt ond mosipusote tre ania quickly and efficiently ustthauk compromising che integity of the data storages +>foncnonme — DerenDenty § © Funct onad dependenyy denoted by (uy) betveen two seb ef aithbure, and xd y ou subset of Re eth meant thar the volut of y component in R dependent an the valu of x. *We wn coy that the ta wana ate y ot y UW functisnally dependant upon oo ci 2 retkbt © Scanned with OKEN Scanneri) Fference zectes for fusctiunol Aapencuncies /-QRAF > Tweenence fore For funtmonm DEPENPENUEX / ARMETMONG's Axioms / RAT Avome 5 WIR It RercexiviTy Rue & BS «x Yo set of attibute ond Pla, then XP, holdse IROL AvuMeNTATON fuLES Yk PB Upolds ond FY U oO sok ¢ atthbuter, then iw py. ~ WIR Se TeanstiviTy Roce s a HY KOA holds and POP holds, then K—9P hole TR Ug Union Roves yy KP holds and xK>P hots, then ox» Pp? howds- WIRSS DECOMPOSITION RULE dp KTP horde y then &> Pp holds and axe? hold WEREE Preuro Trancrtuiry Rue & 3} KP holds and Yap +s hotds , then Fx > holdt. 8 @.Given 9 set sp funetionar dependants ¢ A>®, ABCD >E ond EF 2G @ AcDe > G ‘implies vy the set of given FOr? Gwen, FE APB, ABCDDE 4 EF ZG ACB E — Ley Pseuto transitivity ute) ACDF—> G (By Tronditivity Rute) ws D+ Given two sen A ond Fi af FD: fer a xetotion 2 Fit AB, ABC, DO AT, DOE fot AP BC, DOE Ae the too sets eqptivatent 2 8 From FISD AT bah BAS fy deromparition vate] & PIXE (elven) Dove (By union rule) tonics Wotne FD in Fae andy AaB ABI Adc (By Preuto tramuitwity. nutey Aree (By writen yutt) torch “U the POW Fa. Here, Fy and Fo ax equivatent . © Scanned with OKEN ScannerQ. AD, EPCE, BOE , COEF @ compuse the clams x4 of the set of atthbuter LABS undir me gee tt gp eb. APOC, ESCE, BOE COEF x IAB3 RELA BCS WIA BSE 3 KAZ AAB,GE,E 3 RY TAB CELE ees xh Hence, darute af the given FD over dA@s UW IAB3t= 1A,B, GEE D @. AP, Bed pew, cE, CDF Find the clare 1AC3*s APB, Bead, coe, CRF Bes B>D CoD andy cao cae By deromporiton rule) a 4 j By deromparition vet, } fach LAB Cd A,B, 0, D3 Aye, OD, ED RTE AA, B,C, DE, FS ®S= PAVByCy DLE, PS xtexs Hence, closure of the gwen FDs over [acd & EAST = EAS C DIE, LY & Lossress / Lossy Decompas mon? elet R be oO Attoblonat schema and dunchonat depondendat om Re » ER ond ky goim 9 Aeramparlion OQ} Re Mu the derompatitin UW loatest join decompaiiteon Oy Rv eC i eco ae ee ¥ YY attense ane of the folowing D RNR SK, DRINK Ro DRANG > Ry Fo be a sek of © Scanned with OKEN Scanner@ O Lee Sa (vyW,%4,2) UY a relation and the Pot a ZOV, WIY,XYI2,VIWKs D Sr= Cvyid, x) BD Sy= (vw 5x) Sas Cvyy,2) S2= Cx)¥,2) D St = Wyte, x) Si= (VyY,2) SiN 84 2 4v3 Given PDE Vown Since Cv,w,%) om paetenr in datotion Ss; hence tt U torrtere Jin deromparttion. 2) S)= Lv, x) $22 (%54,2) SiN, = 4 [roa = [x23] ® Since, tt UV bee lossy zlecomposi Qo Ka FayByeyd, EF | Re daBycd | Rar L AyD, €3 4 the pals ABEL, cbse, Bod, EPA Rretasaye} Ra > LAg Dy E3 RNR. = LAD Given FP AAC THEN AAS ~LS are present in Ri @ rane, t& Last lors Jin Aerompositin Norn Pots’ yoFiest Norma Foren £17 NED E , A aetofion wit be Hy fast noumor form Y tt contain on odmit value thot meant Qn attrbute of a table cannot noid mudtiple — VOLULLt « Se mutt hotd only stg abrpie value attribute » biog mpd | Emp-hame | Emp-prone | Emp-svake | Sonn ner268263e5 | ue alee 088138238 | [vary | apiv163929| etror | [som 712908712389) Punjab [asesesosen| C Employee] © Scanned with OKEN Scannerin Fit Normot Forms foie wn Fits pees @® Empia [Emp-name | Emp-prone | Empatare tg_| Sonn sien e885] Up y Sho __ Aosut3822a] uP go | remy | asiyte39a2| otnor 12 | som 11300872384] punjab. 12_| sam | req930302| punjor we Second Nokmac Form{2"> NFIE A setotion with be bh serond newmat fam “y ik mut be oy
B hotding on R soxigyy the folowing ont conditions 2H Te a tiviat of mvd Par oo Le cuperkty of Re > Mvp (nveti=Vaiuen Derendency Jé A patationat schema KOXP) WU sold to va hove = mettti- valued dapendinder x6 and KY OR qo>P/T Uf Jor emchevery egal Actotion (R) and for a tuple palit oitetajed | ilxI~tala] ; tee dit o tuple pour of Ltyirde? wokich sodiefter the jotlewwing condition ¢- e@ fife) = ty [a> ty Px Te ty C2] ond, tr fale tg (b1» & 0p] > tylp) ond, t9J= (9) 5 to TX) > As047 Qe (Resin ity MyDYs Tracy] Focauty | subject. | comeritrer Row ame Placement Rosi fed Proce mente Rout me Plovemont, Rowi beams Sehotasship Rost wo sonblorchip Rout mis Schola chip. © Scanned with OKEN ScannerTable kn 4th NF EM ® Traautty—tourse ] [recustty—tomoritter Tpauuty | funfeae Pauuaty | committee pout em Kawi Placement fost sau cout] tchotarahip rout mis ® Prete Noemat form (th wede +A tuatlon ih be tn shone ip te Gt ym we and not contains ony Yn oupydeny ond joining shoud ve totes. ost WF catlufied ushen alt tablus ait broken into as mony tablu os pose ‘o oider to avoid atdiundtany SSM NE UU alo Known a1 prdject Join wre & Ttecture} sujet | leduny | Somente computer | Aruhika | Semi commputer_| sfonn sel main | ohn emt mains [Akash "| fama. aang | reciente ee Tabu ys nee [ad (Pod [PJ Jsemestey | Subject Subject | Lecturer Semester | tecturur Sem! Comput tompurey | Anshixa, Sent Arehino, Sem! maths Computer | tonn sem ‘ohn sem) chemiuty mains [sono Sun? PROG, eso mathe moans [Akash Semi Proseen Swofuby | Praveen © Scanned with OKEN Scanner
You might also like
Mth101 Lec 23 To 45 by Kinza Bilal - 3
PDF
91% (11)
Mth101 Lec 23 To 45 by Kinza Bilal - 3
120 pages
Csir Net Gate Mathematical Sciences Linear Algebra Handwritten Notes 2
PDF
No ratings yet
Csir Net Gate Mathematical Sciences Linear Algebra Handwritten Notes 2
135 pages
Problem Solving and Python Programming
PDF
No ratings yet
Problem Solving and Python Programming
34 pages
Unit 3 DBMS Notes AKtu
PDF
100% (1)
Unit 3 DBMS Notes AKtu
26 pages
Maths Full Shrenik Sir
PDF
100% (1)
Maths Full Shrenik Sir
410 pages
DBMS Notes
PDF
No ratings yet
DBMS Notes
40 pages
Relations & Functions: Handwritten Notes - Lakshya JEE 2024
PDF
No ratings yet
Relations & Functions: Handwritten Notes - Lakshya JEE 2024
25 pages
EM4 Extensive Notes
PDF
No ratings yet
EM4 Extensive Notes
127 pages
PDF
PDF
No ratings yet
PDF
151 pages
Data Structures Notes Unit 1
PDF
No ratings yet
Data Structures Notes Unit 1
30 pages
DBMS Unit 3
PDF
No ratings yet
DBMS Unit 3
37 pages
Set Theory and Lattice
PDF
No ratings yet
Set Theory and Lattice
115 pages
DAA Unit 1
PDF
No ratings yet
DAA Unit 1
58 pages
DC Unit2
PDF
No ratings yet
DC Unit2
56 pages
Unit 2 Matrices...
PDF
No ratings yet
Unit 2 Matrices...
32 pages
CH 7 2,7 3
PDF
No ratings yet
CH 7 2,7 3
41 pages
DocScanner 05-Feb-2024 8-45 Am
PDF
No ratings yet
DocScanner 05-Feb-2024 8-45 Am
36 pages
Dbms Notes
PDF
No ratings yet
Dbms Notes
58 pages
Module03-Canonical Standard Forms
PDF
No ratings yet
Module03-Canonical Standard Forms
33 pages
DBMS Mod-4
PDF
No ratings yet
DBMS Mod-4
41 pages
Dbms Notes 2
PDF
No ratings yet
Dbms Notes 2
48 pages
DBMS Notes 5th Sem VTU Syllabus-156-194
PDF
No ratings yet
DBMS Notes 5th Sem VTU Syllabus-156-194
39 pages
Normalization
PDF
No ratings yet
Normalization
33 pages
Maths Notes - 1
PDF
No ratings yet
Maths Notes - 1
37 pages
Discreate Mathematics
PDF
No ratings yet
Discreate Mathematics
20 pages
Arrays and Stacks
PDF
No ratings yet
Arrays and Stacks
30 pages
Comp228 Notes 2b
PDF
No ratings yet
Comp228 Notes 2b
31 pages
DS Notes Unit 1
PDF
No ratings yet
DS Notes Unit 1
32 pages
New Doc 03-12-2025 19.30
PDF
No ratings yet
New Doc 03-12-2025 19.30
31 pages
Unit 2
PDF
No ratings yet
Unit 2
24 pages
1.2 Vector
PDF
No ratings yet
1.2 Vector
35 pages
Week2 Lecnote Watermark
PDF
No ratings yet
Week2 Lecnote Watermark
31 pages
SM Partial - Theory
PDF
No ratings yet
SM Partial - Theory
20 pages
275-Week-2-Lecture Notes-Matrix-Operations-Special-Matrices-Partition-Inverse
PDF
No ratings yet
275-Week-2-Lecture Notes-Matrix-Operations-Special-Matrices-Partition-Inverse
14 pages
Function of Several Variables
PDF
No ratings yet
Function of Several Variables
30 pages
Dbms Module 4
PDF
No ratings yet
Dbms Module 4
28 pages
DLD Unit 2
PDF
No ratings yet
DLD Unit 2
16 pages
Ds &ML Notes Complete
PDF
No ratings yet
Ds &ML Notes Complete
31 pages
Mathematics Assignment 1
PDF
No ratings yet
Mathematics Assignment 1
21 pages
Class 12th Maths Revision Note
PDF
No ratings yet
Class 12th Maths Revision Note
9 pages
I B Main Ketab Uddin
PDF
No ratings yet
I B Main Ketab Uddin
18 pages
DBMS Unit 3
PDF
No ratings yet
DBMS Unit 3
20 pages
Module 5
PDF
No ratings yet
Module 5
56 pages
Unit2 FD
PDF
No ratings yet
Unit2 FD
13 pages
DBMS Part 1
PDF
No ratings yet
DBMS Part 1
14 pages
DAA Module - 2 (Part 2) (S Mercy)
PDF
No ratings yet
DAA Module - 2 (Part 2) (S Mercy)
20 pages
DBMS Exams
PDF
No ratings yet
DBMS Exams
17 pages
Differential Equations
PDF
No ratings yet
Differential Equations
42 pages
FDS Assignment 2.
PDF
No ratings yet
FDS Assignment 2.
13 pages
GATE Mathematics (By KG Sir For GATE All Branches)
PDF
No ratings yet
GATE Mathematics (By KG Sir For GATE All Branches)
184 pages
DAR Notes
PDF
No ratings yet
DAR Notes
13 pages
LA ShortNotes
PDF
No ratings yet
LA ShortNotes
7 pages
DBMS Btech CS
PDF
No ratings yet
DBMS Btech CS
20 pages
Gate Maths Linear Algebra Shortnotes
PDF
No ratings yet
Gate Maths Linear Algebra Shortnotes
7 pages
Eng Maths Short Notes
PDF
No ratings yet
Eng Maths Short Notes
7 pages
Normalisation
PDF
No ratings yet
Normalisation
9 pages
Plus Two Mathematics Main Concepts
PDF
No ratings yet
Plus Two Mathematics Main Concepts
4 pages
I A - Main - Ketab Uddin PDF
PDF
No ratings yet
I A - Main - Ketab Uddin PDF
10 pages
Unit 2-Daa
PDF
No ratings yet
Unit 2-Daa
13 pages
DBMS Unit 2
PDF
No ratings yet
DBMS Unit 2
17 pages
DBMS Unit 1
PDF
No ratings yet
DBMS Unit 1
21 pages
DBMS Unit 4&5
PDF
No ratings yet
DBMS Unit 4&5
13 pages
DBMS Question Bank
PDF
No ratings yet
DBMS Question Bank
5 pages