0% found this document useful (0 votes)
12 views7 pages

DBMS Unit 3

notes for exam

Uploaded by

ghanendra750594
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
12 views7 pages

DBMS Unit 3

notes for exam

Uploaded by

ghanendra750594
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7
Dorr 03 ® eee NormatisAtion —»—_» Nogmatizations > dota petbared ncemolixation t 9 technique to oiganiaed ‘the concept af the tables got trorsactionnt databare and dotaworr hortets owt: ‘nctucer centing tables ond ert? estabtisring Relationships berucen thate tabler actasding to miu and maker the databare mo fletible by eemoving two factors ? ) Redundancy 9) Freonsutenty > Rovenracer OF — NoRmaciaationé ct gece the aatabare from cartain adsl, update and delete anomatiag » 6 Reducer the seneed to Aacbrettre the datokase as pus Khdt of dota ate Introduced. : 2 OF mote the database meee inyounative to were tncuding alpperent quartet. od avid Bating the datatare darign ‘w fovout of curtain quettier at the expance qf othert. ot allo: the opermtfonr needed for data ace to be ciple then they would Atheuwue hove “to bee Goat OF Noamacization © Rasanging dota ‘nto jicak groupings uch thot each aacmber % mail pale of “the whole © Minimining the amount of duplicot data catied aclundany and stored “Ww the Aatobare. © Organising the data auch that when you modify te you make the cnonger onty w sone place © Building 0 dotatote in which we con aceelt ond mosipusote tre ania quickly and efficiently ustthauk compromising che integity of the data storages +>foncnonme — DerenDenty § © Funct onad dependenyy denoted by (uy) betveen two seb ef aithbure, and xd y ou subset of Re eth meant thar the volut of y component in R dependent an the valu of x. *We wn coy that the ta wana ate y ot y UW functisnally dependant upon oo ci 2 retkbt © Scanned with OKEN Scanner i) Fference zectes for fusctiunol Aapencuncies /-QRAF > Tweenence fore For funtmonm DEPENPENUEX / ARMETMONG's Axioms / RAT Avome 5 WIR It RercexiviTy Rue & BS «x Yo set of attibute ond Pla, then XP, holdse IROL AvuMeNTATON fuLES Yk PB Upolds ond FY U oO sok ¢ atthbuter, then iw py. ~ WIR Se TeanstiviTy Roce s a HY KOA holds and POP holds, then K—9P hole TR Ug Union Roves yy KP holds and xK>P hots, then ox» Pp? howds- WIRSS DECOMPOSITION RULE dp KTP horde y then &> Pp holds and axe? hold WEREE Preuro Trancrtuiry Rue & 3} KP holds and Yap +s hotds , then Fx > holdt. 8 @.Given 9 set sp funetionar dependants ¢ A>®, ABCD >E ond EF 2G @ AcDe > G ‘implies vy the set of given FOr? Gwen, FE APB, ABCDDE 4 EF ZG ACB E — Ley Pseuto transitivity ute) ACDF—> G (By Tronditivity Rute) ws D+ Given two sen A ond Fi af FD: fer a xetotion 2 Fit AB, ABC, DO AT, DOE fot AP BC, DOE Ae the too sets eqptivatent 2 8 From FISD AT bah BAS fy deromparition vate] & PIXE (elven) Dove (By union rule) tonics Wotne FD in Fae andy AaB ABI Adc (By Preuto tramuitwity. nutey Aree (By writen yutt) torch “U the POW Fa. Here, Fy and Fo ax equivatent . © Scanned with OKEN Scanner Q. AD, EPCE, BOE , COEF @ compuse the clams x4 of the set of atthbuter LABS undir me gee tt gp eb. APOC, ESCE, BOE COEF x IAB3 RELA BCS WIA BSE 3 KAZ AAB,GE,E 3 RY TAB CELE ees xh Hence, darute af the given FD over dA@s UW IAB3t= 1A,B, GEE D @. AP, Bed pew, cE, CDF Find the clare 1AC3*s APB, Bead, coe, CRF Bes B>D CoD andy cao cae By deromporiton rule) a 4 j By deromparition vet, } fach LAB Cd A,B, 0, D3 Aye, OD, ED RTE AA, B,C, DE, FS ®S= PAVByCy DLE, PS xtexs Hence, closure of the gwen FDs over [acd & EAST = EAS C DIE, LY & Lossress / Lossy Decompas mon? elet R be oO Attoblonat schema and dunchonat depondendat om Re » ER ond ky goim 9 Aeramparlion OQ} Re Mu the derompatitin UW loatest join decompaiiteon Oy Rv eC i eco ae ee ¥ YY attense ane of the folowing D RNR SK, DRINK Ro DRANG > Ry Fo be a sek of © Scanned with OKEN Scanner @ O Lee Sa (vyW,%4,2) UY a relation and the Pot a ZOV, WIY,XYI2,VIWKs D Sr= Cvyid, x) BD Sy= (vw 5x) Sas Cvyy,2) S2= Cx)¥,2) D St = Wyte, x) Si= (VyY,2) SiN 84 2 4v3 Given PDE Vown Since Cv,w,%) om paetenr in datotion Ss; hence tt U torrtere Jin deromparttion. 2) S)= Lv, x) $22 (%54,2) SiN, = 4 [roa = [x23] ® Since, tt UV bee lossy zlecomposi Qo Ka FayByeyd, EF | Re daBycd | Rar L AyD, €3 4 the pals ABEL, cbse, Bod, EPA Rretasaye} Ra > LAg Dy E3 RNR. = LAD Given FP AAC THEN AAS ~LS are present in Ri @ rane, t& Last lors Jin Aerompositin Norn Pots’ yoFiest Norma Foren £17 NED E , A aetofion wit be Hy fast noumor form Y tt contain on odmit value thot meant Qn attrbute of a table cannot noid mudtiple — VOLULLt « Se mutt hotd only stg abrpie value attribute » biog mpd | Emp-hame | Emp-prone | Emp-svake | Sonn ner268263e5 | ue alee 088138238 | [vary | apiv163929| etror | [som 712908712389) Punjab [asesesosen| C Employee] © Scanned with OKEN Scanner in Fit Normot Forms foie wn Fits pees @® Empia [Emp-name | Emp-prone | Empatare tg_| Sonn sien e885] Up y Sho __ Aosut3822a] uP go | remy | asiyte39a2| otnor 12 | som 11300872384] punjab. 12_| sam | req930302| punjor we Second Nokmac Form{2"> NFIE A setotion with be bh serond newmat fam “y ik mut be oy B hotding on R soxigyy the folowing ont conditions 2H Te a tiviat of mvd Par oo Le cuperkty of Re > Mvp (nveti=Vaiuen Derendency Jé A patationat schema KOXP) WU sold to va hove = mettti- valued dapendinder x6 and KY OR qo>P/T Uf Jor emchevery egal Actotion (R) and for a tuple palit oitetajed | ilxI~tala] ; tee dit o tuple pour of Ltyirde? wokich sodiefter the jotlewwing condition ¢- e@ fife) = ty [a> ty Px Te ty C2] ond, tr fale tg (b1» & 0p] > tylp) ond, t9J= (9) 5 to TX) > As047 Qe (Resin ity MyDYs Tracy] Focauty | subject. | comeritrer Row ame Placement Rosi fed Proce mente Rout me Plovemont, Rowi beams Sehotasship Rost wo sonblorchip Rout mis Schola chip. © Scanned with OKEN Scanner Table kn 4th NF EM ® Traautty—tourse ] [recustty—tomoritter Tpauuty | funfeae Pauuaty | committee pout em Kawi Placement fost sau cout] tchotarahip rout mis ® Prete Noemat form (th wede +A tuatlon ih be tn shone ip te Gt ym we and not contains ony Yn oupydeny ond joining shoud ve totes. ost WF catlufied ushen alt tablus ait broken into as mony tablu os pose ‘o oider to avoid atdiundtany SSM NE UU alo Known a1 prdject Join wre & Ttecture} sujet | leduny | Somente computer | Aruhika | Semi commputer_| sfonn sel main | ohn emt mains [Akash "| fama. aang | reciente ee Tabu ys nee [ad (Pod [PJ Jsemestey | Subject Subject | Lecturer Semester | tecturur Sem! Comput tompurey | Anshixa, Sent Arehino, Sem! maths Computer | tonn sem ‘ohn sem) chemiuty mains [sono Sun? PROG, eso mathe moans [Akash Semi Proseen Swofuby | Praveen © Scanned with OKEN Scanner

You might also like