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Chapter 1 Intro Mole Balances (Part 2 of 3)

The document discusses chemical reaction engineering and mole balances. It introduces mole balance equations for batch, continuous stirred-tank, plug flow, and packed bed reactors. These equations relate the rate of change of moles of a species to the inlet and outlet flow rates and reaction rate terms integrated over the reactor volume.

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sean20000397
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17 views14 pages

Chapter 1 Intro Mole Balances (Part 2 of 3)

The document discusses chemical reaction engineering and mole balances. It introduces mole balance equations for batch, continuous stirred-tank, plug flow, and packed bed reactors. These equations relate the rate of change of moles of a species to the inlet and outlet flow rates and reaction rate terms integrated over the reactor volume.

Uploaded by

sean20000397
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chemical

Engineering
Department
CEB2043
REACTION ENGINEERING

Chapter 1:

Introduction & Mole Balances (Part 2)

1
Recap:

Previous lecture:

1. Explain the importance of Reaction Engineering knowledge

2. Explain the different types of chemical reactors and their


importance
Learning Outcome

At the end of this lecture, students should be able to:

1. Define general mole balance equation in relation to type


of reactors for reactor design

3
General Mole Balance Equation

Number of moles of species Any REACTOR with


A in a system volume V

Rate of generation of species


A in a system

UNIT: moles/time

IN – OUT + GENERATION = ACCUMULATION


FA0 FA GA dNA
dt
BAD
NEWS!!

Reactor system is RARELY SMALL such that you can


consider all the system variables are SPATIALLY UNIFORM!!
e.g. temperature, concentration & catalytic activity.

GA = rA·V Only valid if ALL SYSTEM VARIABLE e.g. SMALL VOLUME


IS A CONSTANT!!

HOW DO WE DEAL WITH NON-UNIFORMITY?


General Mole Balance Equation

eg: an industrial reactor ∆V1 ∆V2


dNA
FA0 ̶ FA + GA =
1 2
dt
rA,1 rA,2
GA,1 = rA,1 . ∆V1 GA,2 = rA,2 . ∆V2

M M
GA = ∑ GA,i = ∑ rA,i . ∆Vi
i=1.. i=1..

Taking limits: Let M → and ∆V → 0

V GENERAL MOLE BALANCE


dN A
FA0 − FA +  rAdV =
dt
EQUATION FOR
REACTOR SYSTEM
6
How do we relate this equation to
different type of reactor ??
V
dN A
FA0 − FA +  rAdV =
dt

Batch reactor Continuous stirred tank


reactor (CSTR)

Plug flow reactor (PFR) Packed bed reactor (PBR)

7
Mole Balance for Batch Reactor

No in or out flow, so the equation becomes…


𝑉
𝑑𝑁𝐴
𝐹𝐴0 − 𝐹𝐴 + න 𝑟𝐴 𝑑𝑉 =
𝑑𝑡

𝑉
𝑑𝑁𝐴
න 𝑟𝐴 𝑑𝑉 =
𝑑𝑡

Ideal reactor, no
volume expansion

𝑑𝑁𝐴
𝑟𝐴 𝑉 =
𝑑𝑡

8
Mole Balance for Continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR)

• Continuous flow in and out, so the no. of


moles remains…
• Ideal reactor, no volume expansion

𝑉
𝑑𝑁𝐴
𝐹𝐴0 − 𝐹𝐴 + න 𝑟𝐴 𝑑𝑉 =
𝑑𝑡

𝐹𝐴0 − 𝐹𝐴 + 𝑉𝑟𝐴 = 0

𝐹𝐴0 − 𝐹𝐴
𝑉=
−𝑟𝐴

9
Mole Balance for Plug Flow Reactor (PFR)

• Continuous flow in and out, so the no.


of moles remains…

𝑉
𝑑𝑁𝐴
𝐹𝐴0 − 𝐹𝐴 + න 𝑟𝐴 𝑑𝑉 =
𝑑𝑡

10
Mole Balance for Plug Flow Reactor (PFR)

• PFR is a long tube, so the


reactor is divided into smaller
fragments…

• FA0 is reduced to FA when the


flow going through the reactor
in X direction (changing of V)…

−𝑑𝐹𝐴 + 𝑟𝐴 𝑑𝑉 = 0

𝑑𝐹𝐴
= 𝑟𝐴
𝑑𝑉
Mole Balance for Packed Bed Reactor (PBR)

• Similar to PFR but PBR has a bed • So, the general mole balance
containing catalyst.. equation becomes…

𝐹𝐴|𝑊 ⎯ 𝐹𝐴|(𝑊+△𝑊) + 𝑟𝐴′ ∆𝑊 = 0

FA0

𝑑𝐹𝐴
= 𝑟𝐴 ’ FA
𝑑𝑊

W
mol A reacted
𝑟𝐴 ’ =
time. mass of catalyst
SUMMARY

Reactor Mole Balance Remarks


Batch 𝑑𝑁𝐴 Well mix, so no
spatial variation,
𝑟𝐴 𝑉 = unsteady state
𝑑𝑡
CSTR 𝐹𝐴0 − 𝐹𝐴 Well mix, so no
spatial variation,
𝑉= steady state
−𝑟𝐴
PFR Steady state
𝑑𝐹𝐴
= 𝑟𝐴
𝑑𝑉
PBR 𝑑𝐹𝐴 Steady state
= 𝑟𝐴 ’
𝑑𝑊
Summary of Chapter 1

After completing this chapter, students now should be able to:

1. Explain the importance of Reaction Engineering knowledge

2. Explain the different types of chemical reactors and their


importance

3. Define general mole balance equation in relation to type of


reactors

14

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