Project Report

(Submitted for the Degree of B.Com Honours in Accounting &

Finance under the University of Calcutta)

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY : AN INDIAN

PERSOECTIVE

SUBMITTED BY
NAME OF THE CANDIDATE: DHIRAJ KUMAR SHARMA
CU REGISTRATION NO: 117-1111-0487-21
CU ROLL.NO: 211117-21-0214
COLLEGE ROLL NO: 219

SUPERVISED BY

NAME OF THE SUPERVISIOR: DR. AFSHA AFREEN

NAME OF THE COLLEGE: SURENDRANATH EVENING
COLLEGE

1
MONTH AND YEAR OF SUBMISSION: APRIL 2024

ANNEXURE
-I
SUPERVISOR’S CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Dhiraj kumar sharma student of B.com 6TH

semester Honours in Accounting & Finance of SURENDRANATH
EVENING COLLEGE under University of Calcutta has worked under
my supervision and guidance for the CORPORATE SOCIAL
RESPONSIBILITY which she is submitting. His Genuine and
original work to the best of my knowledge.

Place : Kolkata
Date :

Signature:
NAME OF THE SUPERVISIOR: DR. AFSHA AFREEN
NAME OF THE COLLEGE: SURENDRANATH EVENING
COLLEGE

2
ANNEXURE
- II

STUDENT DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this project CORPORATE SOCIAL

RESPONSIBILITY A case Study on Reliance Company submitted
by me for the partial fulfillment of the degree B.Com Honours in
accounting and finance under University of Calcutta is my original
work and has not been submitted earlier under any other University or
institution for fulfillment the requirement of other course of study.
I also declared that no chapter of this manuscript or part has been
incorporated in this report from any earlier work done by others or by
me.
However, extracts of any literature which has been used for this report
has been duly acknowledge providing details of search literature in
this reference.

Place: KOLKATA
Date :

Signature:
Name: Dhiraj kumar sharma
CU. Reg. No: 117-1111-0487-21
CU. Roll. No: 211117-21-0214
College Roll No: 219

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to thank University of Calcutta for providing with such a

wonderful opportunity to prepare the project by including this as part
of our study curriculum. I am very grateful to my college and my
principal. I am also very thankful to my supervisor Dr. afsha afreen
for his valuable and timely guidance throughout the project. Her
feedbacks, guidance and support have been very useful. I would thank
him for being my mentor in doing this project. This project has
allowed me a practical exposure in the corporate field and a brief
introduction in the day to day working of an organisation.
Last but not the least I would like to thank my parents and friends for
their support and guidance.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS / INDEX

Chapters Topics Page No.

Supervisor’s Certificate 2
Student’s Declaration 3
Acknowledgement 4
1.1. Background
1.2.Need of CSR
1.3.Literature review
CHAPTER – 1 INTRODUCTION 1.4.Objective of the Study 6-9
1.5.Methodology
1.6.Limitation of CSR
2.1. Meaning Of CSR
CHAPTER-2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 2.2. Advantages Of CSR
2.3. Disadvantages Of CSR
2.4. CSR An Integral Part of Doing 10-13
Business

CHAPTER-3 INTERNATIONAL AND 3.1. International Scenario Of CSR 14-17

NATIONAL SCENARIO
3.2. National Scenario Of CSR
4.1. Profile of Reliance Limited
CHAPTER-4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS 4.2. Objective Of Reliance Ltd
AND 4.3. Major Subsidiaries: 18-28
FINDINGS OF DATA 4.4. Strategies of Reliance:
4.5. CSR Practices Of Reliance Ltd:

5.1 CONCLUSION
5.2. RECOMMENDATION

29-30
CHAPTER-5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

BIBLIOGRAPHY 30
CHAPTER-6 BIBLIOGRAPHY

5
 CHAPTER – 1 INTRODUCTION

Background Of Study:

Corporate social responsibility defines as a company’s verifiable commitment to operating

in an economically, socially and environmentally sustainable manner that is transparent
and increasingly satisfying to its stakeholder. Stakeholder includes investors, customers,
employees, business partners, local communities the environments and societies. CSR
emphasis on transparent and verifiable stakeholder driven sustainable development
business operation.1
In recent times, the issue of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been given a lot of
attention by both Dutch business and various stakeholders. Since the advisory report of the
Social Economics Rad (“Social Economic Council”, advisory board to the Dutch
government) “De Winst van Warden” (“The Profit of Values”) it is broadly acknowledged
among government, business and stakeholders in the Netherlands, that CSR is not about
charity, but that it belongs to the core business of a company and therefore should be an
integral part of doing business. Companies are under increasing pressure from society to
take their social responsibility. This is especially so if it concerns companies with a
business relation in a developing country, since these companies are more confronted with
CSR issues.
CSR is a container concept which encompasses many different ecological, social and
economic issues. In order to give a more specific interpretation to the concept of CSR a
platform of Dutch NGOs has composed a so-called CSR Frame of Reference. Aim of this
framework is to give companies a coherent overview of what NGOs define as CSR. The
Frame of Reference is mainly based on international treaties, guidelines and instruments
enjoying broad international support that are relevant for business, such as human rights,
labor rights, environmental protection, consumer protection, socio-economic development,
corruption and other aspects of CSR. It also includes some fundamental operational
aspects of CSR like supply chain responsibility, stakeholder involvement, transparency and
reporting and independent verification.

Need of CSR

One of the easiest places for a company to start engaging in sustainability is to use it as a
way to cut the cost.
Brand differentiation was one of the primary reasons companies embraced CSR.
It can often be an easier way to talk to your customers. This is an underused tool for
business-to- business company communication.
Attracts, retain and maintain a happy workforce and be an Employer of choice.
Save money on energy and operating costs and manage risk.

6
Literature review

Low (1985) used descriptive statistics on annual reports of 80 listed companies in

Singapore, to find that though the level of corporate disclosure did not depend upon
industry but higher levels of social disclosures were found by award winning companies.
Gary and Gray (1988) concluded that corpora te social responsibility is a part of value
added statements (VAS) and shall promote cooperation among various stakeholders though
there is some ambiguity regarding the inclusion of some parties as genuine stakeholders.
Andrew et al (1989) used descriptive statistics to confirm the earlier findings that HR is
the most disclosed theme followed by product, community and lastly by environment. The
study also found 15 that medium to large companies made more social disclosures. These
disclosures were mainly declarative and no enough evidence could be gathered to confirm
or refute the association between industry and corporate social reporting.
Guthrie and Parker (1989) conducted a longitudinal study covering 100 years to relate
corporate social reporting with the needs of the corporations to legalize their actions. In his
research the legitimacy theory has been rejected taking six thematic disclosures namely
environment, energy, human resources, product, community development and others. The
thematic disclosures were measure on the basis of space incidence.
Savage (1994) reported that out of 115 South African companies approximately 50 percent
of
Companies are making social disclosures with human resource (89 percent) as the main
theme. Human resource disclosures related to pay, working conditions, compensation and
equal opportunities. Other social disclosures include community involvement (72 percent)
and environmental disclosures (63 percent).
Gray et al (1996) attempted to explain the disclosure of social and environmental
information in the annual reports of large companies by reference to observable
characteristics of those companies. An extensive literature has sought to establish whether
variables such as corporate size, profit and industry segments can explain corporations'
disclosure practices. The results from these studies predominantly North American and
Australasian literature are largely inconclusive. This paper provided an extension of
literature by considering a more disaggregated specification of social and environmental
disclosure and by employing a detailed time-series data set. By so doing, the paper tested
two possible explanations for the inconclusiveness of prior research: namely that any
relationships between corporate characteristics and disclosure are dependent upon the type
of disclosure and that any such relationships are not stable through time.
Hacks ton and Milne (1996) established that both size and industry are significantly
associated with amount of corporate social disclosure, where as such an association could
not be proved with profitability. In addition, the results indicated that the size-disclosure
relationship is much stronger for the high-profile industry in New Zealand than for the
lowprofile industry companies.Teoh (1998) attempted to find the association between
Environmental disclosure and economic performance. T- Test was conducted on polluting
7
or potentially polluting companies to find that significant association between
environmental performance and economic performance.

Tsang (1998) concluded a longitudinal study in the banking, food and beverages, and hotel
industries from 1986-1995 saying that of the 33 companies only 17 companies disclosed
corporate social reporting information. Thematic emphasis analysis showed most disclosed
theme is HR followed by community involvement, environment and others. The
legitimacy theory was asserted to be the 16 reason for corporate social reporting. Paired
difference t tests were conducted to see whether there was any difference among the three
industries. The banks disclosed significantly less social information than the hotels but
disclosures of the other two pairs of industries were not significantly different.
Douglas and Christopher (1999) in their study emphasized the need for environmental
reporting standards to avoid confounding comparability and verification by external parties
for reliability. The environmental reports issued in hard copies and on websites were
mercifully diverse.
Belal (1999) reported that out of the companies selected, maximum number of companies
made disclosure on employees, marginally followed by disclosure on some environmental
and lastly on some ethical issues in Bangladesh.
Kilcullen and Koolstra (1999) focused on changing role of business ethics and CSR.
They found that CSR has taken hold as a movement and though some organizations still
indulge in unethical behavior but many more firms take social responsibility towards their
stakeholders. Purushotahman, et al (2000) focused on corporate social reporting in
Singapore, taking five themes such as environment, human resources, energy, community
involvement and products and services. The study concluded by presenting a relationship
between size of the company and CSRD. The relationship was doubtful regarding industry
and corporate social reporting. The economically better performing companies were found
to be more inclined towards corporate social reporting. It also asserted the fact that human
resources was the most disclosed theme and that award winning companies were following
more corporate social reporting practices.
Jeffery and Unerman (2000) deliberated upon the documents that need to be scanned for
corporate social reporting and methods used for measurement of the quantum of the
corporate social reporting. They warned that the studies solely based upon the content
analysis of annual reports is certainly going to present an incomplete and misleading
picture of corporate social reporting for a lot of information on social and environmental
projects existed in documents other than annual reports. About the technique of
measurement, the study concluded that use of sentences for measuring the volume of CSD
in comparison to words or proportions of pages shall

8
ensure greater accuracy at the cost of reduction in relevance of study. The study also
suggested inclusion of pictures, graphs, even blank spaces to reach at more relevant results
measuring volume of CSD.
Belal (2001)2 pointed towards lack of adequate research in corporate social responsibility
disclosures been in the context of developing countries. This study reported the results of a
survey of CSR practices in Bangladesh. In addition to measuring the extent and volume of
disclosures by using content analysis, it explored the socio-political and economic context
in which these disclosures take place.

Objective of the study

To get an overview about a CSR practice by Reliance Company.

Discuss about new methods adopting by Reliance Company.

Methodology
The study based on secondary data. The secondary data has been collected from various
books, journals, reports, articles and websites. This study is basically empirical in nature.

Limitation of CSR

The project of CSR based on secondary data.

It is fully depend on websites.
I did not get any exact figure during data collection.
I did not get much time on research of this project

Chapter Planning:

9
 CHAPTER-2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

CSR AN INTEGRAL PART OF DOING BUSINESS Board

level CSR Committee:

comprising of 3 or more directors with at least one independent director,

Composition to be disclosed in the annual Board of Directors’ report .

Annual spending on CSR by companies:

Every financial year, at least 2% of the average net profits made during the 3 preceding
financial years
Schedule VII indicates activities that can be undertaken by a company.

Responsibilities of the CSR Committee:

Formulate and recommend a CSR Policy and amount of CSR expenditure

Regular monitoring of the CSR initiatives

Responsibilities of the company’s Board:

Approve and disclose CSR Policy in the annual Directors’ Report and on company website

Ensure implementation of CSR activities as per the Policy

Directors’ Report to specify reasons in case the specified amount is not spent CSR

CSR Applicable to all companies incorporated in India and having either of the following
in any financial year:
Net worth of INR 500 crore or more or;
Turnover of INR 1000 crore or more or;
Net profit of INR 5 crore or more.

Section 134 OF COMPANIES ACT, 2013-– Financial Statements, Boards' report - If a

company fails to spend CSR amount, the Board shall in its report specify the reasons for
not spending the amount .
If a company contravenes the provisions of section 134, the company shall be punishable
with fine
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which shall not be less than fifty thousand rupees but which may extend to twentyfive lakh
rupees and every officer of the company who is in default shall be punishable with
imprisonment for a term which
may extend to three years or with fine which shall not be less than fifty thousand rupees
but which mayextend to five lakh rupees, or with both.

Net profit to be calculated as per Section 198 of the Companies Act

Particulars* Amount Profits as per Profit & Loss Account XXX Credit to be provided
for: Bounties and subsidies received from GovernmentXXX Credit not to be provided for:
Premium/ Profit on sale of shares
Profits of Capital Nature-including profits on sale of undertakings

Profits from sale of immovable property/ fixed assets – unless undertaken (XXX)

Permissible Deductions:

Usual Working Charges- revenue expenditures, bonus or commission (XXX) Abnormal or

Special Tax (XXX)
Interest on debentures, loans or advances

Compensations/ damages in virtue of legal liability, bad debts written off… (XXX)

Non- permissible deductions: Income tax paid under Income Tax Act, 1961 Loss of
Capital Nature Compensations/ Damages paid voluntarily
PROFIT AS PER SECTION 8XXX

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CHAPTER : 2 INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL SCENARIO

INTERNATIONAL SCENARIO OF CSR

International law clearly delineates that companies have human rights responsibilities,
although some of the specific responsibilities are ambiguous. The universal declaration of
human rights calls upon all organs of society, whether civic groups, corporation, or
government, to protect and promote human rights
In 2000, the OECD guideline for multinational enterprises were amended, passed by
member states, which are committed to promote them at a national level

UNITED KINGDOM
The objective was to ensure that UK business take into account their economic, social and
environmental impacts, and address the key sustainable development challenges based on
their core competencies wherever they operate locally, regionally and internationally.
Strategy for advancing their vision is to :
Promote business activities that brings economic, social and environmental benefits
Work in partnership with the private sector, community bodies, and other stakeholder
Encourage continuing development and application of best practice
Ensure decent minimum levels of performance in areas such as health and safety the
environment and equal opportunities

EUROPE
An increasing number of European companies are promoting their corporate social
responsibility strategies as a response to a variety of social, environmental and economic
pressure. The aim to send a signal to the various stakeholders with whom they interact;
employees, shareholders, investors, consumer, public authorities and non-governmental
organization (NGOs)
.
ASIA
The notion of corporate social responsibility is not a new concept in Asia international
organization, trade union, human rights organization; lobbyists and regulator have initiated
a variety of action. Asian government are beginning to argue that strategic of CSR alliance
between government and private sector does not only help enhance that such growth is
accompanied by people centered social
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
In the United States, CSR trends evolved in large part through the efforts of a few
visionary leaders like Rockefeller, Carnegie, ford, Hewlett and Packard. However, CSR
owes its growth to regulation in the late 1960s and 1970s the USA government established
regulatory agencies that shaped much to the internal CSR benchmark. OSHA

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(occupational safety Health administration), EEOC (equal employment opportunity
commission); CPSC (consumer product safety commission) and the EPA (Environmental
Protection Agency) created standards for responsible corporate business practices which
have becomes thresholds for minimal internal CSR behavior.

NATIONAL SCENARIO OF CSR

CSR is not new to India; companies like TATA and BIRLA have been imbibing the case
for social good in their operations for decades long before CSR become a popular cause. In
spite of having such life size successful examples, CSR in India is in a very nascent stage.
It is still one of the least understood initiatives in the Indian development sector. It is
followed by a handful of public companies as dictated by the very basis of their existence,
and by a few private companies, with international shareholding as this is the practice
followed by them in their respective foreign country. Thus the situation is far from perfect
as the emphasis is not on social good but rather on a policy that needs to be implement ted.
A lack of understanding, inadequately trained personnel, non availability of authentic data
and specific information on the kinds of CSR activities, coverage, policy etc. further adds
to the reach and effectiveness of CSR programs. But the situation is changing. And CSR is
coming out of the purview of 'doing social good' and is fast becoming a 'business
necessity'. The 'business case' for C CSR is gaining ground and corporate houses are
realizing that 'what is good for workers - their community, health, and environment is also
good for the business'. Corporate Social Responsibility Practices
- the survey on CSR is timely and apt. The survey is expected to facilitate formation of an
alliance of CSR initiatives so that such initiatives can be further stream lined, focused and
converged to a powerful force of intervention. One of the major objectives of the survey is
to bring out in open the current status of CSR thereby giving both the NGOs and the
common man an understanding of the various initiatives undertaken by corporate and the
role that is played by the government in the field. The survey underlines the various issues
- current CSR policies,

major stakeholders - their current and future plans, geographical areas covered, role of
civilsociety and government, challenges, recommendations etc.
The Four Phases of CSR Development in India:-

The history of CSR in India has its four phases which run parallel to India's historical
development and has resulted in different approaches towards CSR. However the phases
are not static and the features of each phase may overlap other phases.

The First Phase

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In the first phase charity and philanthropy were the main drivers of CSR. Culture, religion,
family values and tradition and industrialization had an influential effect onCSR. In the pre
onCSR. In the pre
industrialization period, which lasted till 1850, wealthy merchants shared a part of their
wealth with the wider society by way of setting up temples for a
religious cause [citationneeded]. Moreover, these merchants helped the society in
gettingover phases of famine and epidemics by providing food from their god owns and
moneyand thus securing an integral position in the society. [Citation needed] With the
arrival of colonial rule in India from 1850s onwards, the approach towards CSR changed.
Theindustrial families of the 19th century such as Tata, Godrej, Bajaj, Mode, Birla,and
Singhania were strongly inclined towardseconomic as well as social considerations.
However it has been observedthat their efforts towards social as well as industrial
development were not only driven by selfless and religious motives but also influencedby
caste groups and political objectives.

The Second Phase

In the second phase, during the independence movement, there was increased stress on
Indian Industrialists to demonstrate their dedication towards the progress of the society.
This was when Mahatma Gandhi introduced the notion of "trusteeship", according to
which the industry leaders had to manage their wealth so as to benefit the common man. “I
desire to end capitalism almost, if not quite, as much as the most advanced socialist. But
our methods differ. My theory of trusteeship is no make-shift, certainly no camouflage. I
am confident that it will survive all other theories. “This was Gandhi's words which
highlights his argument towards his concept of "trusteeship". Gandhi's influence put
pressure on various Industrialists to act towards building the nation and its socio-
economic development. [4] According to Gandhi, Indian companies were supposed to be
the "temples of modern India". Under his influence businesses established trusts for
schools and colleges and also helped in setting up training and scientific institutions. The
operations of the trusts were largely in line with Gandhi's reforms which sought to abolish
untouchability, encourage empowerment of women and rural development.
The Third Phase

The third phase of CSR (1960–80) had its relation to the element of "mixed economy",
emergence of Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) and laws relating labor and
environmental standards. During this period the private sector was forced to take a
backseat. [Citation needed] The public sector was seen as the prime mover of
development. [Citation needed] Because of the stringent legal rules and regulations
surrounding the activities of the private sector, the period was described as an "era of
command and control". The policy of industrial licensing, high taxes and restrictions on
the private sector led to corporate malpractices. [Citation needed] This led to enactment of

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legislation regarding corporate governance, labor and environmental issues. PSUs were set
up by the state to

ensure suitable distribution of resources (wealth, food etc.) to the needy. However the
public sector was effective only to a certain limited extent. This led to shift of expectation
from the public to the private sector and their active involvement in the socio- economic
development of the country became
absolutely necessary. [Citation needed] In 1965 Indian academicians, politicians and
businessmen set up a national workshop on CSR aimed at reconciliation. [Citation needed]
They emphasized upon transparency, social accountability and regular stakeholder
dialogues.
In spite of such attempts the CSR failed to catch steam.

The Fourth Phase

In the fourth phase (1980 until the present) Indian companies started abandoning their
traditional engagement with CSR and integrated it into a sustainable business strategy. In
1990s the first initiation towards globalization and economic liberalization were
undertaken. Controls and licensing system were partly done away with which gave a boost
to the economy the signs of which are very evident today. Increased growth momentum of
the economy helped Indian companies grow rapidly and this made them more willing
[citation needed] and able to contribute towards social cause. Globalization has
transformed India into an important destination in terms of production and manufacturing
bases of TNCs are concerned. As Western markets are becoming more and more concerned
about and labor and environmental standards in the developing countries, Indian
companies who export and produce goods for the developed world need to pay a close
attention to compliance with the international standards.

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 CHAPTER-4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS OF DATA

4.1 Profile of Reliance Limited:

DhiruBhai Ambani Foundation (DAF)

Dhirubhai Ambani Foundation (DAF) was established 1995 by Shri Dhirubhai Ambani.
The Patron Trustee of the foundation. A public charitable trust registered under the
Bombay public trusts act 1950.
DAF has for its objective a broad spectrum of worthy causes ranging from health and
environment, to promotion of social and economy welfare, and ruler development.
However, its main trust has been on education and public health care. DAF systematically
pursues philanthropic activities to promote national welfare and social good. Reliance
lends valuable support to DAF in terms of financial contribution and wherever necessary
infrastructural supports. Reliance also draws on the DAF expertise in involving and
coordinating the corporate social responsibility. Initiatives and other group companies
also help DAF initiative wherever possible. Thus, DAF initiative reinforces Reliance’s
commitment to social responsibility.
Objective Of Reliance Ltd:-
Understand the history of the company and its rise. An exciting story of “Rags to Riches”
Understand the core business of Reliance and its subsidiary businesses.
A brief snapshot of the timeline
Strategies of Reliance, especially the oil and gas sector
Goals and Objectives if the business
SWOT Analysis
How Porter’s five forces affect the industry
Understand the strategy of backward vertical integration and how did
Reliance implement it to its best form
Now, Reliance Company has come down with their e-Choupal project to help the farmers.
Reliance Company has a wide range of product in FMCG sector, covering almost every
needs and wants of the customers.
20
These were some of the objectives we tried to study with respect to Reliance Industries;
the ADAG group
was not taken into consideration when this study was undertaken. However in very recent
future it does seem that both the factions of Reliance would again join hands together for
business continuity. The primary objective behind this study was to understand the
Reliance way Of doing business, what was it that they did that others could not replicate to
its best form. Apparently the strategies that they undertook was risky and at the same time
highly rewarding. It is through the sheerbrilliance of Dhirubhai Ambani that the company
reached the zenith.
The domains of petrochemical, refining, and oil and gas-related operations form the core
of Reliance Industry’s business. Other segments of the company include textiles, retail
business, telecommunications, and special economic zone (SEZ) development. Reliance
Retail has entered into the fresh foods market as Reliance Fresh. RIL is the largest publicly
traded company in India by market capitalization and second- largest public corporation in
India when ranked by revenue. The company is listed on Fortune Global 500 and Forbes
Global 2000.In 1958 Dhirubhai started his own business in spices; he moved into textiles
& opened his mill near Ahmadabad. After that Dhirubhai founded Reliance
Industries.Ambani took his company (Reliance) public in 1977.By 2007 the combined
fortune of the family (sons Anil & Mukesh) was 60 billion dollars making the Ambani's
the second richest family in the world, next to the Walton family. Following Dhirubhai’s
death in 2002, the company was split between the two sons Mukesh Ambani& Anil
Ambani. Mukesh Ambani got RIL and IPCL
Reliance Industries, also owner of Mumbai Indians. Anil Ambani heads the Reliance
Capital, Reliance Energy and Reliance Infocomm -Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group
(ADAG).
Major Subsidiaries:
Reliance Petroleum Limited
Reliance Netherlands BV (including Trevira)
Reliance Retail Limited
Ranger Farms Private Limited
Retail Concepts and Services Private Limited
Reliance Retail Insurance Broking Limited
Reliance Dairy Foods Limited
Reliance Retail Finance Limited
Reliance Jamnagar Infrastructure Limited
Reliance Industrial Investment & Holdings Limited
Reliance Ventures Limited
Reliance Strategic Investments Limited
Reliance Exploration & Production – DMCC
Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Limited (IPCL):-

20
IPCLwas a petrochemicals corporation in India. Set up on March 22, 1969, with a view to
promote and encourage the use of plastics in India, it worked in the field of polymers,
synthetic fiber, fiber intermediaries, solvents, surfactants, industrial chemicals, catalysts,
adsorbents, and polyesters. The Company operates three petrochemical complexes, a
naphtha based complex at Vadodara and gas based complex each at Nagothanenear
Mumbai and at Dahej on Narmada estuary in bay of Khambhat. The
Company also operates a catalyst manufacturing facility at Vadodara. Its turnover for the
financial year 2005-06 had crossed the US $ 2 billion mark.InJune 2002, the Government
of India as a part of its disinvestment programmed vested 26% of its equity shares in favor
of Reliance Petro investments Limited (RPIL),

Reliance Group Company. RPIL acquired an additional 20% equity shares through a cash
offer in
terms of SEBI (Takeover Regulations) and currently holds 46% of Company's equity shares.
This interesting
information gives us an idea how Reliance dominates the market. IPCL was a highly profit
making company, however, Reliance was foraying in the Industry of polyester and wanted
to be the market leader, Reliance had its eyes for quite some time on IPCL, so when the
opportunity came it bought out 26% stake in a divestment sale by the GoI and further also
took hold of 20% equity share and thus becoming 46%, the major shareholder of the
company, in the process becoming the largest polyester producing company in the country
and one of the largest in the world. This is one of the primary strategies of Reliance; it
waits for an opportunity to take over any leading company and then becomes a part of their
rise to fame, making money in the process

20
Reliance Retail is the retail business wing of the Reliance Industries. In March 2013, it
had 1466 stores in India. It is the largest retailer in India. Many brands like Reliance Fresh,
Reliance Footprint, Reliance Time Out, Reliance Digital, Reliance Wellness, Reliance
Trends, Reliance Kitchens, Reliance Market (Cash n Carry) and Reliance Jewel come under
the Reliance Retail brand. Its annual revenue for the financial year 2012–13 was 10800
crore (US$1.7 billion) with an EBITDA of 78 crore (US $12 million).

Reliance Life Sciences works around medical, plant and industrial biotechnology
opportunities. It specializes in manufacturing, branding, and marketing Reliance
Industries' products in bio- pharmaceuticals, pharmaceuticals, clinical research services,
regenerative medicine, molecular medicine, novel therapeutics, biofuels, plant
biotechnology, and industrial biotechnology sectors of the medical business industry.
Reliance Institute of Life Sciences (RILS), established by DhirubhaiAmbaniFoundation, is
an institution offering higher education in various fields of life sciences and related
technologies. Reliance Logistics is a single-window company selling transportation,
distribution, warehousing, logistics, and supply chainrelated products, supported by in-
house telematics and telemetry solutions. Reliance Logistics is an asset based company
with its own fleet and infrastructure. It provides logistics services to Reliance group
companies and outsiders. Merged content from Reliance Logistics to here. See Talk:
Reliance_ Industries# Merge_ proposals

20
.
.Reliance Clinical Research Services (RCRS), a contract research organization (CRO) and
wholly owned subsidiary of Reliance Life Sciences specialize in the clinical research
services industry. Its clients are primarily pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical
device companies.

Reliance Solar, the solar energy subsidiary of Reliance, was established to produce and
retail solar energy systems primarily to remote and rural areas. It offers a range of products
based on solar energy: solar lanterns, home lighting systems, street lighting systems, water
purification systems, refrigeration systems and solar air conditioners.
Merged content from Reliance Solar to here. See Talk: Reliance_ Industries# Merge_
proposals. Record is a cord blood banking service owned
by Reliance Life Sciences. It was established in 2002. It has been inspected and accredited
by AABB, and also has been accorded a license by Food and Drug Administration (FDA),
Government of India

21
Reliance JioInfocomm (RJIL), previously known as Infotel Broadband, is a broadband
service provider which gained 4G licenses for operating across India. Now it is wholly
owned by RIL for 4800 crore (US $770 million).

Reliance Industrial Infrastructure Limited (RIIL) is an associate company of RIL. RIL

holds 45.43% of total shares of RIIL. [7] It was incorporated in September 1988 as
ChemburPatalganga Pipelines Limited, with the main objective being to build and operate
cross-country pipelines for transporting petroleum products. The company's name was
subsequently changed to CPPL Limited in September 1992, and thereafter to its present
name, Reliance Industrial Infrastructure Limited, in March 1994. RIIL is mainly engaged
in the business of setting up and operating industrial infrastructure. The company is also
engaged in related activities involving leasing and providing services connected with
computer software and data processing. The company set up a 200- millimeter diameter
twin pipeline system that connects the Bharat Petroleum refinery at Mahul, Maharashtra,
to Reliance's petrochemical complex at Patalganga, Maharashtra. The pipeline carries
petroleum products including naphtha and kerosene. It has commissioned facilities like the
supervisory control and data .
acquisition system and the cathodicprotection system, a jack well at RiverTapi, and a raw
water pipeline system at Hazira. The infrastructure company constructed a 71,000 kilo-
liter petrochemical product storage and distribution terminal at the Jawaharlal Nehru Port
Trust (JNPT) Area in Maharashtra. [citation needed]

22
Strategies of Reliance:
Building and sustaining leadership position across its product categories in the domestic
markets
Pursuing attractive export opportunities
Implementing backward vertical integration
Improving its technology
Achieving economies of scale
Focusing on prudent financial management
Investing in high growth opportunities.

CSR Practices Of Reliance Ltd:

SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY & COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT:-
Social welfare and community development is at the core of Reliance’s Corporate Social
Responsibility (CSR) philosophy and continues to be a top priority for the Company. It
revolves around the company’s deeply held belief in the principle of symbiotic relationship
with the local communities, recognizing that ultimately as purpose- to serve human needs.
Close and continuous interaction with the people and communities in and around the
manufacturing divisions has been the key focus while striving to bring around qualitative
changes and supporting the under privileged. Reliance’s contributions to the community
are in the area of health, education, infrastructure development (drinking water, improving
village infrastructure, construction of schools etc.), environment (effluent treatment, tree
plantation, treatment of hazardous waste.), relief and assistance in the event of natural
disaster and miscellaneous activities such as contribution to other social development
organization etc.
The Company’s CSR team’s at all manufacturing division interacts with the neighboring
community on regular basis. The company takes prided in the fact that their CSR
representatives are known by their first names in the regions that it operates.

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EDUCATION
‘Teach them young’ is the very motto of Reliance as the Company believes that the quality
of inputs received by an individual at an early age contributes to his or her growth as a
capable human being. To ensure high quality of teaching, Reliance has made significant
efforts towards value enhancement of teachers through professional and institutionalized
training. Dahej Manufacturing Division conducted educational and excursion tours of
studentsteachers from primary schools of neighboring villages, and also organized
‘Balmela’ and science and mathematics fair. To provide training in the field of effective
techniques and modern methods of teaching to high school teachers in the Hazira area, the
company organized training of teachers in various subjects.

Reliance has launched the “Sky is the limit” programmed at Hazira, to address the problem
of school drop- outs in the local community. The company also provides opportunities to
engineering and management instituted students to undergo in-plant training/projects as
part of their academic curriculum, thus enabling them to appreciate application of
theoretical knowledge and get an exposure to the industrial practices. Efforts were made to
enhance employability/scale development of local youths. This was done by giving
opportunities t them to work in the company’s operating plants. Executive development
programs for officers of neighboring industries were organized in co-ordination with
PRIYA (patal ganga rasayani industries association). The company’s major manufacturing
locations provide good quality education to the children of all employees and also cater to
the needs of surroundings

24
Villages.JamnabenHirachandAmbaniSchool,KokilabenDhirubhaiAmbaniVidyaMandir,
and Jamnaben Hirachand Ambani Saraswati Vidya Mandir are school near the company’s
manufacturing location at patalganga, hazira and jamanagar respectively. A modern
educational infrastructure coupled with extra- curricular activities and recreational
facilities distinguish all these school. To encourage school children from neighboring
villages.
Nagothane manufacturing division based CSR cell MGCC area Development Research
Foundation (MADER) Trust took following initiatives.
Felicitated meritorious student from neighboring villages and tribal hamlets
Each student received a set of note books, stationary items and a school bag
There are several Zillaparishad schools located on the hilltop near Nag thane
manufacturing Division where all the children who are attending school are tribal.
With an objective to encourage the tribal students. Reliance also provided school uniforms.

25
A gala festival was organized and celebrated at state capital Gandhinagar’s helipad ground
for nine days jointly with leading industries of Gujarat. The event brought to fore the role
of industries, handicraft, art and culture etc. in the development of Gujarat as a vibrant
state. The event evoked tremendous response and applause from every quarter of the
society at large.
SKILL UPGRADATION
Reliance runsspecial training programs to equip the young people of neighboring villages
with life and work skills necessary for sustaining livelihood. Nagothane manufacturing
division conducted training in fashion designing course for the ladies to upgrade the skills
of those women who are already trained in the basic tailoring. This division also conducted
computer education courses and nursing assistant training courses. The trainees also
received hands on training at the local hospitals and primary health centers at Nagothane.
The company also trains the youth in vehicle driving courses and also helps them in getting
a driver’s license so that they can earn a livelihood by starting their own business as motor
drivers. The company’s Polymer business division organized technical training programs
at 50 Industrial Training Institute (ITIS) all over India to enhance skills of artisans for new
and advance technique of plumbing with PPR pipes. The company also offers plumbing
kits, free of cost, to various plumbers as well as to IT IS to promote this new energy
efficient application in the building industries. PPR pipes are faster to install than metal
pipes. This results in improving daily productivity of plumbers there by increasing in their
earnings. This initiative covered many plumbers across the country.
PACKAGING SOLUTION TO FARMERS {LENOBAGS}
Reliance organized extensive awareness programs on improved packaging solutions for
potato and other vegetables for farmers all over India. This included demonstration on use
of leno bags, which are more durable, functionally more efficient and cheaper than
traditional materials. This program helped the farmers reduce the cost of packaging of
potato. These bags also helped farmers to reduce wastage while keeping in cold storage.
The company’s efforts helped the farmers to improve their earnings. The program covered
more than 10,000 farmers across India.
Energy Sources Polyethylene (PE) Biogas Domes for Renewable

Biogas technology for rural development has been a focus area for Government of India.
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) promotes family type biogas plants
under the National Project on Biogas Development (NPBD). The project was launched in
1981-82 with the objective of producing clean and alternate renewable energy for cooking
and lighting, enriched organic manure for agriculture usage, improving sanitation and
hygiene and reducing drudgery of women. The two cubic meter “Deenabhandu” model is
the most popular family type fixed dome biogas plant developed with conventional brick
and cement. Many of these plants get defunct due to dome cracks leading to gas leakages.
The company has developed 100 per cent leak-proof root molded PE dome, which gives

26
end- users a unique combination of properties like good strength, stiffness, light weight,
seamless construction, ease of installation and very little maintenance. The PE based dome
has been developed by Reliance and has been approved by the Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy, Government of India.
Eco-friendly Initiatives

In addition to the above initiatives, the company also focuses on the development of the
eco-system and improvement, of the green belt across its manufacturing and E&P sites.
Reliance DhirubhaiAmbaniProtsaham Scheme:-

The Scheme, launched in AY 2008-09, continues to supportpoormeritoriousstudents.

Recipient students of Reliance Dhiru Bhai Ambani Protsaham Scheme got admissions in
junior colleges of their choice.Withadmissionsof AY 2010-11, the total strength of
studentsreceiving support under thescheme has gone up to 656. The first batch of the
Protsahan students passed out the intermediate examination held in March 2010 with
flying colors and from AY 2010-11 onwards, RIL is providing financial aid to the toppers
for pursuing their higher studies in engineering and medical streams.

27
Dhiru Bhai Ambani Hospital

Hospital atLodhivali, Maharashtra continues to play a significant role in improving the

quality of life in surrounding communities. It extends prompt and specialized services to
the Mumbai-Pune highway accident victims. Trauma patients are provided free lifesaving
treatment. Besides taking care of hospitalization requirements, the hospital provides poor
patients and senior citizens subsidized treatment
- both in the outpatient and in-patient departments. ART clinic, a public- privatepartnership
initiative between RIL, CII and NACO, offers free of cost treatment to HIV/AIDs patients.
A well-equipped community medical centre with four observation bed facility at Jamnagar
continues to offer free-of-cost, round the clock with comprehensive health services.
Manufacturing divisions offer free medical services including free medicines to the
neighboring villages. In tribal villages surrounding Nagothane Manufacturing Division,
villagers are deprived of medical facilities in the region because of absence of proper
approach road to the villages as they are located on hilltops. The manufacturing division
realizes the health problems faced by the tribal's and it took a major step towards providing
free OPD (out patient department) treatment on weekly basis to the tribal people staying at
hill tops. Moreover, the manufacturing division developed the road and even made it motor
able up to village Gangawane. Every week a doctor with medical team and medicines
visits tribal hamlet and provides OPD services to tribals.

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CSR PRACTICES OR RELIANCE LTD.

Arts and Education

culture 16%
Vocational skill 15%
5%
Health
Sports 16%
10%
Community
development
10%
Agriculture
10%
Water Environment
8% 10%

Figure; 1

The above pie chart shows that CSR practice of Reliance in various fields such as art and
culture, education, water etc
LARGEST SPENDERS IN ABSOLUTE TERMS :

Gail(india)
5%
Sail
6%
L&T
6%

SBI Reliance
6% 26%

IOCL
8% Tata and
steel
Coal 13%
JSPL India
8% 11%
ONGC
11%

Figure; 2

The above pie chart shows that largest spender in absolute term such as Reliance, Tata
Steel, and CoalIndia.

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 CHAPTER-4 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Conclusion
Hereby, I conclude the project of CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY is titled to
aid an organization mission as well as guide to what Reliance company stands for and will
uphold to its consumer. I have even got so many knowledge and experience from this
project.
It is concluded that CSR is about business, government and civil society collaboration with
the bottom line is the achievement of win-win situation among the three entities. From the
social point of view CSR should benefit community because the latter has a very complex
structure as it consists of individuals with various levels of control of resources physically
and intangibly. The analysis on the theories allows the understanding of CSR that goes
beyond its traditional meanings. Therefore, CSR necessitates a multi-disciplinary approach
in its perspective and practice. Since the current meaning of CSR is complex knowing the
theories allows scholars to have a better understanding about corporation-society relations,
in which theories and practices of CSR are influenced by numerous economic and non-
economic as well as internal and external forces.
For many corporate leaders, it is very difficult to know where their responsibilities begin
and end in relation to building infrastructure, creating economic opportunities and access
to core services such as health, education and poverty alleviation. Experience has made
one thing certain that sustainable CSR solutions at community, provincial and national
levels are based on partnerships between government, civil society and business

30
Recommendation
Reasoning about the importance of engaging in CSR activities for businesses Scheck
(2009) states that “although beyond compliance firm behavior might be a good indicator
for socially responsible behavior, it is critical to assume that CSR starts only where the law
ends “Secondary data authors also highlight the importance of source of CSR principles
and policies for business.Following Recommendation for businesses in order to engage in
CSR activities with an increased level of efficiency:
Achieving increased level of cooperation between the various department of the business
in term of achieving CSR related aims and objective
Engagement in strategic use of social investment budget .

Introducing CSR aspects of the business at the initial stages of the project and
integrating it with long term aims and objectives.
Specifying the activities of stakeholder identification and engagement as a continuous
process.
Ensuring the existence of CSR skills in all employees within the organization.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY
There are some books and web sides’ names where I got so many information about my
project that is “CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF RELIANCE LTD.
REFERENCE BOOKS:-

CSR : During the most good for your company and your cause, Edition-2004,
professor kotller’s
CSR Balancing Tomorrow’s sustainability and today’s profitability, Edition-2006, David
E.Hawkins
CSR and Competitiveness, Edition-2000,Rusen Kumar
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, Edition-2004, Andrew Crane, Dirk Matten
and Laura J. Spence.
WEBSITES:-

www.unescape.org/tid/apdf/..kehua.PDF
www.ilo.org
www.foundation.indiatimes.com
www.forbes.com
www.ibeybusinessjournal.com
www.reliancepower.co.in
www.ril.com/.../social-resp-cumm-dv

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