ICT Chapter 1
ICT Chapter 1
CHAPTER
COMPONENTS OF A
COMPUTER SYSTEM
Objective ●
●
1.3 – Operating Systems
● Keyboard ● Motherboard
● External Storage Devices : Memory ● Internal Hard Disk Drives : HDD, solid
Stick, External HDD, etc. state drive (SSD)
Hardware Functions
*Peripheral devices : Devices that connect directly to a computer, but does not contribute to
the computer's primary function.
External Hardware Devices: Internal Hardware Devices:
● Monitor ● Central Processing Unit (CPU)
● Keyboard ● Motherboard
● Application software
System Software
● Eg: OS, Drivers, Utilities, Compiler, Linker, Interpreter, Device Manager, Error handling,
Task Manager, etc.
Levels of Programming Languages
Different Operating System (OS)
Application Software
● specific task
● Communicate and send signals to each other via then BUS network.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
● Part of computer that interprets and executes the commands from the computer
hardware and software.
● Control unit (CU) - coordinates input and output devices and carries out program
instructions
● Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) – performs calculations and logical comparison: 1 + 1 = 2, A>B ?
❑ Immediate access store (IAS) - holds data and program instruction in current use (RAM)
Von Neumann Architecture
Internal Memory
● CLI does not require Window to run ● Large number of commands need to be
learned
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
○ Tablets
○ Smartphone
○ Smartwatch
○ Mainframe computer
Desktop computer (Desktop PC)
● Standalone computer
● Networked computer
Uses of laptop PC
● Can be used as standalone or networked computer
Desktop PC over Laptop PC
Advantages Disadvantages
● Components are easily upgradeable ● Not portable since they are made up of
separate components, large and bulky
● Spare parts standardized results in low
costs ● Wiring clutters up desk space
● Tend to have better specifications for
given price ● Necessary to copy files as they aren't
portable
● Large casing allows good dissipation of
heat build up ● Need constant power supply as no
batteries
● Less damage due to fixed in one location
● Better internet access since no moving
around (same data transfer rate)
Laptop PC over Desktop PC
Advantages Disadvantages
● Portable because monitor, pointing ● Easy to steal
device, keyboard,
● Limited battery; need to carry charger
● processor & backing store units are
together in one box ● Keyboard and pointing device awkward to use
● No trailing wires
● Heat dissipation is difficult due to laptop
● Full advantage of Wi-Fi (built in Wi-Fi) structure
● Can link into any multimedia system
Tablets
● These are small hand-held devices that can perform many functions that PCs & laptops do
● Often use touch screens to operate
● On-screen virtual keyboard replaces physical keyboard
● Often used by graphic designers to digitize their content with a stylus pen
● Can be used like a PC and/or a Smartphone
Uses of tablet
● Multimedia, Internet access (Wi-Fi or 3G,4G,5G), Game, e-book reader
Tablet
Advantages Disadvantages
● Small light & portable ● Less storage spaces
● Built in cameras for photos & videos ● Lacks power of laptop/PC
● Touchscreen can be used with a stylus pen ● Digital keyboard can be difficult to use
● Long battery life ● Touchscreen may be difficult to use for
detailed work
Smartphone
● Main use of smartphones is social media & day-to-day planning
● Operating System (iOS, Android or Windows)
● Use varies from person to person
Uses of smartphone
● Phone calls
● SMS (short message service)
● Camera
● Streaming (music, video)
● Internet access
● Game
● Social media
● Instant messaging
● Recorder
● Calendar and Organizer
● GPS satellite navigation
● Wireless (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth)
● etc.
Smartphone
Advantages Disadvantages
● Smallest lightest most portable ● Small screen may be difficult to use
● Integrated/virtual keyboard ● Not as powerful as other devices
● Often the least expensive device ● Often has the lowest battery life
● More practical for day-to-day use ● Small size makes it easy to steal/lose
Smartwatch
● Allow user to wear mini-computer on wrists
● OLED display technology
● Connects to smartphone with Bluetooth
Uses of smartwatch
● Internet connectivity (browsing, sending emails and so on)
● Ability to make and take phone calls
● Messaging via text or video
● Weather forecasts
● Fitness and health-monitoring capability
● GPS
Smartwatch
Advantages Disadvantages
● More convenient than smartphones ● Large and bulky display
● Very easy to use for monitoring fitness ● Need to charging battery
and health
● Easy to steal
Mainframe computer Uses of mainframe computer
● Large size ● Large organizations (Enterprise)
● Very Powerful ● Server (file, web, mail, game)
● Several CPUs ● Commercial/ Critical applications
● Very fast processor speeds ● Banking
● Multiple operating systems ● Insurance
● Huge amounts of storage capacity ● Hospital
● Huge amounts of RAM ● Governments
Any Questions?
1.5 – Impact of Emerging
Technologies
Emerging Technologies
● Artificial intelligence (AI) biometrics
● Vision enhancement
● Robotics
● Quantum cryptography
● Computer-assisted translation (CAT)
● 3D and holographic imaging
● Virtual reality
Artificial intelligence (AI)
● The term was first used in 1956 by a computer scientist at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology (MIT) who was focused on trying to make computers
behave like humans.
● Here is the link to the facial recognition AI that I’ve created before:
https://wlobjdetection.netlify.app/
Artificial Intelligence In Different Areas
● Game Bots
○ For example: In 1997, a computer named ‘Deep Blue’ defeated a world champion in
a game of chess.
● Expert Systems
○ These are computers that have been programmed to make decisions based on
information they are given.
○ For example: Medical expert systems can diagnose patient’s illnesses based on
symptoms entered.
● Languages
○ This type of AI involves computers that can understand different human languages
as they are spoken to them.
Artificial Intelligence In Different Areas
● Robotics
● Weather Prediction
○ AI software will soon be used to sift through weather data more accurately that humans
can and will be used to predict approaching storms and automatically issue warnings.
● Household Chores
○ Robotic vacuum cleaners are becoming more and more popular. These can detect walls
and other objects in order to vacuum around them.
○ People can leave them running whilst they enjoy extra spare time.
● Safer Transportation
○ Cars that can self-park already exist and it’s predicted that cars that drive themselves
will be available in the near future. These could drastically reduce road accidents.
● Personal Safety
○ Military use
● Manufacturing industry
● Weld/ Spray car bodies
● Fit items such as windscreens
● Drones → flying devices
● Reconnaissance mission
● Survey → weather condition/ phenomena (hurricane, fire fighting in natural disasters)
● Surgical procedures (camera arms, interactive mechanical arms)
● More precision
● Flexibility
Quantum Cryptography
● Language translator
○ Terminology database
○ Translation memories
3D & Holographic Imaging
● Holography → 3D image
○ A source of laser light
○ Interference of light
○ Light diffraction
○ Light intensity recording
Virtual Reality
● Artificial environment
● Data goggles
● Sensor suits
● Data gloves or helmets
● Feel reality
● Training
● Education
● Entertainment
THE END
Any Questions?