Cheatsheets / Learn Java
Variables
boolean Data Type
In Java, the boolean primitive data type is used to store a value, which can be either boolean result = true;
true or false .
boolean isMarried = false;
Strings
A String in Java is a Object that holds multiple characters. It is not a primitive datatype. // Creating a String variable
A String can be created by placing characters between a pair of double quotes ( " ).
String name = "Bob";
To compare Strings, the equals() method must be used instead of the primitive
equality comparator == .
// The following will print "false" because strings are case-
sensitive
System.out.println(name.equals("bob"));
int Data Type
In Java, the int datatype is used to store integer values. This means that it can store int num1 = 10; // positive value
all positive and negative whole numbers and zero.
int num2 = -5; // negative value
int num3 = 0; // zero value
int num4 = 12.5; // not allowed
char Data Type
In Java, char is used to store a single character. The character must be enclosed in char answer = 'y';
single quotes.
Primitive Data Types
Java’s most basic data types are known as primitive data types and are in the system by int age = 28;
default.
The available types are as follows:
int char grade = 'A';
char
boolean
boolean late = true;
byte
long
short byte b = 20;
double
float
long num1 = 1234567;
null is another, but it can only ever store the value null .
short no = 10;
float k = (float)12.5;
double pi = 3.14;
Static Typing
In Java, the type of a variable is checked at compile time. This is known as static typing. int i = 10; // type is int
It has the advantage of catching the errors at compile time rather than at execution
char ch = 'a'; // type is char
time.
Variables must be declared with the appropriate data type or the program will not
compile. j = 20; // won't compile, no type is given
char name = "Lil"; // won't compile, wrong data type
final Keyword
The value of a variable cannot be changed if the variable was declared using the final // Value cannot be changed:
keyword.
final double PI = 3.14;
Note that the variable must be given a value when it is declared as final . final
variables cannot be changed; any attempts at doing so will result in an error message.
double Data Type
The double primitive type is used to hold decimal values. double PI = 3.14;
double price = 5.75;
Math Operations
Basic math operations can be applied to int , double and float data types: int a = 20;
+ addition
int b = 10;
- subtraction
* multiplication
/ division int result;
% modulo (yields the remainder)
These operations are not supported for other data types.
result = a + b; // 30
result = a - b; // 10
result = a * b; // 200
result = a / b; // 2
result = a % b; // 0
Comparison Operators
Comparison operators can be used to compare two values: int a = 5;
> greater than
int b = 3;
< less than
>= greater than or equal to
<= less than or equal to boolean result = a > b;
== equal to // result now holds the boolean value true
!= not equal to
They are supported for primitive data types and the result of a comparison is a
boolean value true or false .
Compound Assignment Operators
Compound assignment operators can be used to change and reassign the value of a int number = 5;
variable using one line of code. Compound assignment operators include += , -= ,
*= , /= , and %= .
number += 3; // Value is now 8
number -= 4; // Value is now 4
number *= 6; // Value is now 24
number /= 2; // Value is now 12
number %= 7; // Value is now 5
Increment and Decrement Operators
The increment operator, ( ++ ), can increase the value of a number-based variable by int numApples = 5;
1 while the decrement operator, ( -- ), can decrease the value of a variable by 1 .
numApples++; // Value is now 6
int numOranges = 5;
numOranges--; // Value is now 4
Order of Operations
The order in which an expression with multiple operators is evaluated is determined by
the order of operations: parentheses -> multiplication -> division -> modulo ->
addition -> subtraction.
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