Ac analysis

sinusoidal source

-
VCt) : Um sin cot

um-amplitch
-
angular frequency w = Lif
radis
coscot
>

Is
-
sincot

-
-

-we
②

V(t) = vm sin (c + + 0)

- Phase angle-deg
 1 =
V
,

Unsignot

-
+ 2)
>
- C
Umsinwt
v2 =

>
-
-

V (2, 000f
I
-

: 100 sin 1

state response
Steady
iC +

~
-

I -* Re

VsIt coscot ④
v
~
&

Lis
↳ di Ri
Uncoscite +

[2z-tan" ()]
[(t) = Vm
- cos

-
2

R Wh 2
+

Fuler's identity
ejo I
cas o +
j sina
Uncrotta)↑I
On I (o7 + P
L Im cos

①
L↑ -

jot O =0
Un e zuection
complex forcing
j(wt +
b)
Im e complex response

jut j(( + + d) j(wH D)

Ume = RIM2 Ime
+ jusL

Um
Im =
-

-
R
2
[02] +
2

d = - tant wh

i=
E phasor representation
-

)
%
-
V (t) = 3 cos (5001 - 30

0 = -
30
phaso V = 3 [30°
W = 500
-
Vm = 3
 V It = 3 Cos /500 + - 30%

j(5007 30 %
3
-

VIt) = Real & 3 e

- #
j( -
30%
N = 32

notation
V :
32-30 Phasor
complex number

Resistor
[ht) I
--

3
+ >

-
R R
VL+ ② V = RI

-
- - -

Un Lo
Ri - Resister current &

Im (a) voltage cer in

Phase
.

Inductor
I

-
3
t
[Lt)

-
h
V(H j on
=> ~
~

-
-

Tim
fregency
VCHS = L diLt)
-

dt
 jo
e
dimei
z
Une

= a + ib

Vm LO = JWL In L& H
--

W2
-

a? d
+ant()
-
-

L90 Im (D
Vi CO NoL
co
=
~

-90)
%

Im 14 = (10 o + juoL
Wh
WI L90
Current always lage %

voltage by 90
Capacitors

I <D = W c V (0 + 90)
901
current leads voltage

Impedance & Reactance

4 2 =
R + jx

R- Resistance (Resistor
(Inductor (p)
X -Reactance
,

zr =
R + J(0)

inductive
2
c = 0 + jXN X
c =
W2
reactory

& =
0 +
jxa Xc =
-
1 cap. racltena
WC
 i(t)

mi
m

1
-

↳ 1
15 M

e
v(t)
~
n

30007
OE

40
Sin ~ I -
-
Frequency
-
--
-
I
Frequency domain

v (7) = 40 cos (30007 -

90)
j1000 e
V = 402-90

22 JWh 11 000
: = 3000 x
+ =
,

2c :
- E =
=
2000 j e
-

WC

5kd I ke

3
I 1 .

m
-
D

!
V= 40698 O
-
omF-zoom
-
1000 -j2000

Zeg : 2000 + j / 500

↓-
°

Zeg : 2500(36 . 86 e ~

004215002
90
F I
:
~ = 16 L-126 86 mA
.

Zeg 2500
236 86
.
 [( + ) =
16 cas (30007-126 - 6) MA
-

40 1 90 - 36 .
863
-

200

Zeg &j 500 +

/

121 :
2004 2
+ 1500s

1000)
tan" w
=
42)
%

1 : 500s (107 -

-
vif ,
u
Vz
T
!
e

~ CoomH
-

-
z
2
5 coslot
-

2
220mF
1
.

I --
-
-

Find v
,
& Ve

W= 10 radis

& = j22 = jxcoxboxi j =

e

2
=
=220x153
a =
= = -
50 .

45 4
WC
 q 1 .
5 L-42 WA
X
-

-
-M1
I
&
j

2 5 Lo
Fi04542
.

wal
M

j In
-i t
* I 5242
M

520 1-
-

,
- - - 2 . +

&
-10
452) >
-
-

= D

+ -
15mi
-
--
= O

-(0 >
-
a+ jb
+j s n ( 42)
-

.
E
1 5 cas ( 42) -
.
-

V
, = 0 .
878 (32 -
y V

V2 : 1 05:
[ 1440 U

(50001307
-
750
-
-
-I
cas
-
-
i
5MF
O
-

-I
[LtY
w = 5000 rad/s
 z = jlbor
↳ = -j40r

LO
Zog : 9 + J120 >
-
-
U

-
-
2 tan (10)
I: 750230
55-5
(385 : 7
-
--
I :

C 185-7)

[CH (50007 55. 1)

A
<623) Cas
-

=
-
I
= 6:
23255-7
Thevenin quivalent
12
Vx
+
↑540h
-
Vin
-

I
O

t mu-
&

y
f
120

120 L
so
Vo lovc Vin
I
----
-

·
°

Vin =
835 . 22 -20 .
17 V

2n =
<1 .
2 -j38 -
4 t

Power transfen
Maximum

& Zth
 Voc -Vim
-12010'
T4O -
-

2
--

Vis-Ver
Move o
= 120

(12 +
35/x - 3 ; Vin = 120020 < ( 3%
)
( -
10 3; )Vx (1 + 3j) Vi
-

+
= 0 -3;/

i /roozig
3j

;/
12 + 3j

&
-

-
10 -
35 1 +3

--

place e
ven :
T -s
i I ---

42 35/( + 3 j)
+
I E i

[
-
122 32
+

tan= e
i -
120020/
-
 Power calculation

Instantaneous Power

+ 04
V Ct) = Vmcos(wt

[Ct) In cos(cot + 4) Reference

angle
=
Phase

v(z) = Uncos(w + + 0 -
0)

[Lt) = Im Cos(wt

VLH) i(z)
P(t)
.
=

los/wt
=
Vm los (cot +& -
0) · Im

P(t)
Vin
=

(0-0)
Vit (2o
cos +
cos

+0 -
0
P( =

Vam as (0-0) +
Vita c (0
-

r
cos2t
-

Im sin (0-0) Sin zu

PCo2w7 Q Sinzot
P(H) P +
-
=

or real power (W)

Power
4-Average
power (VAR)
Q-Reactive
 circuit
Purely resistive

· -
0 = 0

P(t) = P coscot
P +

circuit
Ruly reacive
capacitive

0 -0 900
90 =
-

0-0 =

PIt) = - Q Sindot
P( +) :
- Q sinzot
Q is negative
& is positive
for capacitive
leads
for inductive

Bizet
Sinzot >
-

N H
>
-
Q
-
--

- -

- Q -
-

Power factor
--

Powafactor
cos (0-0) =

complex power
 (VA)
S =
P+
Rj
powent (VA)
ISI apparent
angle
(E)
tan" Power
co-0)
=
=

Pof angle
Pf lagging

# su N
if
leading
3
↑5 - P
-
-
(o - d) -
-

I
L (0 8)-

Q
:
P

-
P2 Q2 + Wa
15)
=

131 =
P Cresistivel

↑
RMS Valu
-

Vers :
Va =
Vest

cos(a 07
P Vim
-

P=
Veff Fefy cos (0 -D)

&= (0-0)
Veg Jeff sin
 *
S
2
: V
eff
I
Of
I
* - Conjugate
m

teff Jess (d
- -
-
-

*
=

Fegg
An electrical load operates
at 240 Vrms ·

The load absolbs PG8 kn

8
pf 9 0:
at a
lagging
a) S
9th load
z

3)
/I
2 the load Is
of Q
36 87
- 3
Ig
.

a) S =
Very
-
Skw
- -
cos" 100
S= P+ jQ

15) :
E = COKra
0
.
8
-

(5) = Q IOKVA
- =

-
0 6

Q= 6 KVAR

1 SI = I0KVA
°

10 (36 87 Kra
j16
.

3 = 8 + kva :

b)
2 : 5 76
. (36 87. m
 40

1My -
40
- ~
1
4o :
Igx EL
↓
time
>
-

>
-

25 nf
SOMH
Ng O N
I
-
j4 Go
I
-

Vg = 40 cos1067 V

Find with the

,
P
,
Q and
S associated
-
sound -
-

↓
7
Show Pde I abs
(vi)
=
-

Oder : abs
# + (vi)
z = 80 +j60

~
(8(36 )
(Neff Fe &
%

* 87
S=
.

-
- -

>
=
(6 .
4 + j4-8) Va

P= 6 4 .
WLdel)
Q = 4 8 : VAR(del)

(36 .7 (dul
(E
S = 8

P4o2 =* (F14x40 40
=

--
-

P60 :

+ (76072 + 60 =
Q
-j40
=
/Exx110) :
Ya

qj80 =
=(1500(8) -