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Chapter 1
Introduction

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INTRODUCTION
A. The Problem and Its setting
Background of the Study
“Cultures and climates differ all over the world, but people are the same. They’ll
gather in public if we give them a good place to do it.” The world was a much more open
place. The internet, and access to it, had grown rapidly (Krueger, 2006). 21st century
have thus far been marked by the rise of a global economy and Third World consumerism,
It is much more advanced and universal than they were in the late 20th century.
Population demographics will shift considerably and the impacts on employment will
continue to escalate. The Philippines as one of the fastest-growing economies in
Southeast Asia is expected to grow, expand and will increase its access to economic
opportunities.
Mixed-use development has seen as one of the contributing factors that boost
productivity and economy. Around the late 1970s and 1980s mixed-use developments
began to reemerge. Then towards the end of the 1990s and 2000s, mixed-use developments
began to emerge as manifestations of sustainable design, walkable urbanism and smart
growth initiatives. They became integral and were considered an essential ingredient to the
creation of livable communities. (Pangburn, 2015).
Sta. Ana, Cagayan being supervised and managed by the Cagayan Economic Zone
Authority and is known as the Game Fishing Mecca of the Philippines is envisioned to be
self-sustaining, ecofriendly freeport, agri-industrial zone and mixed-use new township
development. lt is being developed to be a major transshipment center for agro-industrial,
light and medium, and high technology and knowledge-based industries with world-class
tourism facilities and establishments, in order to create employment opportunities around
the Cagayan Freeport, and to effectively encourage and attract legitimate and productive
local and foreign investments.

Santa Ana lies within the Babuyan Channel, Pacific Ocean and China Sea, which
when developed to a Freeport Zone, have spurred economic growth of the country.
CEZA was created and Santa Ana was chosen its seat due to its convenient location. Two
ports were developed in the area namely: the international Port Irene in Casambalangan
and the Port San Vicente where one of the naval bases in the Philippines was established.
Thereafter, attention of business investors began to upsurge in this municipality. Santa
Ana soon gained more recognition with its extensive territorial waters teeming with
different species of marine life and became a haven to fishing enthusiasts, and who also
enjoy the pristine waters and scenic beauty of the place. (LGU, 2015)

Statement of the Problem

The town of Sta. Ana, Cagayan has been socio economically transforming during the
last decades, has always been known as the most visited place in the region. The town is
rapidly growing and due to the uncontrolled and growing demographics, the need and
demand for a commercial, social and recreational amenities is an opportunity to
transform and enhance the people’s lives and economy of Sta. Ana. The mixed-use

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development aims to provide a center or a place in a way for people to connect and an
access for more opportunity and multiplicity of choices. The development of this study
also seeks to answer the following:

• What are the architectural strategies and factors must be considered and how these
intervention affects the town as a whole?
• How it is going to be fundamentally distinct from all other city center
development?
• How the public realm can add value to the proposed mixed-use development of
21st century architecture?

Architectural Thesis Goals/Objective/ Strategies

Goal
The proposed City Center will provide recreational facilities and considering the
importance of public realm in making a great place layered with experience and
delivering not only economic value but also social, cultural and environmental value.
It will help uplift the local economy and focused attention on expanding tourism
results in providing more jobs and greater economic opportunity.

Objectives
• To design a city centre through the incorporation of entertainment facilities
and to provide an iconic architectural image.

Strategies
Creating a dynamic experience through architectural concepts
Introducing 21st century design

• To create a place and develop a character which can form the node for
holding and experiencing commercial, cultural and social activities.

Strategies
Creating an environmental friendly building that promotes walkability
Integrating a sustainable design that will promote a dynamic

• To show the region’s fullest potential through the design of a mixed-use

building.

Strategies
Creating different schemes or diagram to identify the most desirable
building pattern and spaces.
Deeper knowledge about the spaces and their relationships

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Scope and Limitations

Scope
The development of the city center focuses on adding a major social need, a
commercial and entertainment development addressing primary the needs of
community. The city center will cater for a municipality of needs and desires which
will creates a strong sense of community within globalization. This study will also
integrate functional systems, application of sustainable strategies and having
mechanism to undertake actions that contribute to the overall city center objectives.
The development also includes the principles of active and inclusive city center.
The study will determine precisely on analyzing the planning benefits from the
application of principles, strategies and guidelines to ensure that the design
contributes holistically with people’s well-being and to ensure less environmental
impacts on nature to improve and enhance the quality of life of the locals.
Limitations
The city center will not cover the whole development of the CEZA global city.
The structural, electrical and mechanical analysis of the project.

Purpose/Relevance/Significance of the Study

The city center envisioned to create a hub of innovation and commerce, provide
systems, address people’s basic needs and provides public spaces for the enjoyment and
entertainment which will largely benefit the locals and the surrounding community. The
city center will help the people to their needs and that can actually enhance the resident’s
quality of life. Creating a sense of place leads to authenticity, connectivity and a great
experience.
This study will also empower the municipality in creating a more dynamic living
experience giving connection to people and its environment. With the integration of new
and modern design, a 21st century building design will give knowledge for the
community, municipality and the surrounding area to create a sense of place that depicts
their culture and history. The city center would help create spaces for the community
members and the general public to interact and come together which will create a strong
bond, and create a more soulful spaces.
Lastly, this study will serve a new learning experience for the researcher, will serves
as an additional reference for schools and universities and as a reference material for
future researcher as a related study for developing a mixed-use development.

Assumption
Cities play an important role in economic development, creates opportunity and
provide with good jobs and other basic services. The development envisions a healthy
and sustainable city that meet the needs of the present as well as the future generation.

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Projected that the development should be able to maximize the use of renewable sources
of energy and to minimize the impact on climate change. Ensuring for a clean air and
water, access to affordable and healthy food, and a city that take efforts in following the
laws and regulations for a green and smart city.
The city center also envisions the connection of the nature, building and the people,
delivering a new hybrid experience in today’s 21st century. A more vibrant environment
integrating contemporary design and where all people are safe, healthy and have
equitable opportunities for success and happiness. With the engagement and involvement
of the municipality, citizens, communities and individuals can help transform and create
an ideal city for everyone.

Definition of Terms and Concepts

⚫ City Center -is the area of a city where commerce, entertainment, shopping and
political power are concentrated.
⚫ Commercial Complex -are buildings that are used for commercial purposes, and
include office buildings, warehouses, and retail buildings
⚫ Mixed use development- it is a type of urban development, urban planning and/or
a zoning type that blends residential, commercial, cultural, institutional, or
entertainment uses into one space, where those functions are to some degree
physically and functionally integrated, and that provides pedestrian connections.
⚫ Tourism- is travel for pleasure or business; also the theory and practice of touring,
the business of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business
of operating tours. Tourism may be international, or within the traveler’s country.
⚫ Community- is a small or large social unit (a group of living things) that has
something in common, such as norms, religion, values, or identity.
⚫ Contemporary Architecture
⚫ 21st Century Architecture

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B. Review of Related Literature and Studies

Local Literature

Project Title: SM Aura Premier: The Lifestyle Destination

Location: Bonifacio Global City
Architects: Arquitectonico
Reference: https://ph.asiatatler.com/style/sm-aura

Figure 1: Samsung Hall serves as an Figure 2: SM Aura Premier Building

icon atop venue Facade

SM Aura Premier is the first of its kind among SM Prime Holdings’ properties and
developments. There is a synergy that keeps it attuned to the energy of the city’s growth
and the elements of nature, emanating precisely the aura that claims it as a destination for
luxury lifestyle, shopping, and dining.
The structure takes its name from the chemical symbols of the opulent gold element
(AU) and the earthly radium (RA). This combination can be seen in the mall’s
atmosphere of indulgence while being in tune with the environment. SM Aura’s green
architecture and notable Sky Park, its excellent line-up of fashion brands and flagship
stores, and numerous options for entertainment and dining are curated for its assimilation
into the cosmopolitan character of Bonifacio Global City.
Its architecture stands out for its functionality and aesthetics, a feat that is
accomplished by the renowned architect Willy Coscolluela, the Miami-based design team
Arquitectonica, and the Sydney-based EDGE Design for its mall interiors. SM Aura
Premier is also committed to reducing its carbon footprint. The Sky Park’s greenery, the
mall and office towers’ efficient waste management systems, and an integrated green roof
designed to reduce the heat island effect of the building are among the highlights of the
SM Design and Development team’s efforts for sustainability.
Art and entertainment have a place at SM Aura Premier as well. The Sky Park’s
landscape and water installations, as well as a sculpture by the artist Impy Pilapil, make
up the al fresco surroundings on the fifth level of the mall, and a multi-level green roof.
The Samsung Hall, a performance and events venue, is shaped like an egg and serves as
an icon atop the garden, while the trade hall SMX Aura creates a space for large-scale
corporate gatherings.

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SM Aura Premier is also the first and sole mall to be certified Gold under Leadership
in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) for its green features in the retail sector in
the Philippines. The LEED Certification is an internationally recognized standard
awarded to institutions that follow the strict regulations governing green architecture and
construction. It is a citation awarded to a distinct few by the US Green Building Council.

Foreign Literature

Project Title: Gardens by the Bay, Singapore

Location: Bayshore Rd, Singapore
Client: National Parks Board
Landscape Architects: Grant Associates
Architects: Wilkinson Eyre Architects
References:
https://www.theplan.it/eng/webzine/international-architecture/bay-south-garden
https://www.archdaily.com/254471/gardens-by-the-bay-grant-associates

Figure 3: Marina Bay Sand Flower Dome Figure 4: Singapore Garden by the Bay, Skyline

Gardens by the Bay is one of the largest garden projects of its kind in the world.
Gardens by the Bay is an integral part of Singapore’s ‘City in a Garden’ vision, designed
to raise the profile of the city globally (in 2012 it was voted the 4th most visited attraction
on the planet) whilst showcasing the best of horticulture and garden artistry.
British landscape architects Grant Associates are behind the Bay South Garden project.
Covering an area of 54 hectares on Marina Bay, Singapore, it is the largest of the three
gardens that comprise the Gardens by the Bay project. Highlights of the complex are its
‘Cooled Conservatories’ and ‘Supertrees’. The two Cooled Conservatories, located on the
waterfront to maximize the entry of sunlight for plants, are similar but have differently
formed spaces. They form the key architectural feature. Incorporated into the glass roof –
which is among the largest glass structures in the world, designed by Wilkinson Eyre
Architects in consultation with Atelier One and Atelier Ten– are two large domes, which
are home to two biomes. The Flower Dome recreates the cool-dry Mediterranean and
semi-arid subtropical climates, while the Cloud Dome recreates the cold-damp climate of

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tropical mountains. The final form combined two different structural systems i.e. a
gridshell and radiating arches. The arches have far greater ability to accommodate
variable loads allowing the shells to do what they do best, work efficiently in
compression, and achieve lightness. The arches are separated from the envelope surface
and attached by slender hangars. This separation was introduced to improve light
transmission through the surface of the envelope. The arches permitted the gridshell
sections to be refined to produce the profile with the least sunlight silhouette. Selective
glass that maximizes sunlight while minimizing the build-up of heat, an automated
system that controls shade within the domes, and an efficient dehumidification system
integrated into the cooling process are some of the sustainable energy solutions that allow
the structures to consume an equivalent amount of power to a normal commercial
building with the same footprint and height.
Supertrees designed by Grant Associates are iconic vertical gardens, with emphasis
placed on creating a “wow” factor through the vertical display of tropical flowering
climbers, epiphytes and ferns. At night, these canopies come alive with lighting and
projected media. An aerial walkway suspended from the Supertrees offers visitors a
unique perspective on the gardens. The Supertrees are embedded with sustainable energy
and water technologies integral to the cooling of the Cooled Conservatories. They act as
exhaust chimneys for the biomass furnaces, and they provide an outlet for steam from
dehumidification. They provide the location for solar energy collection, solar heat
collection, water collection, whilst at the same time giving shading to the site.
Taking inspiration from the form of the orchid, Grant Associates’ masterplan is a
rich fusion of nature, technology and environmental management. Stunning architectural
structures are combined with a wide variety of horticultural displays, daily light and
sound shows, lakes, forests, event spaces and a host of dining and retail offerings.
(Archdaily, 2012)

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Project Title: Chadstone Shopping Centre

Location: Melbourne Australia
Client: Vicinity (AUS)
Architects: Global Architectural Practice Callison RTKL
Completion Date: 2016

Figure 5: Chadstone Shopping Centre Top view Figure 6: Chadstone Shopping Centre interior with
its steel-and-glass roof

British architectural practice RTKL added thousands of square metres of office and
retailing space to the shopping centre in Chadstone not far from the centre of Melbourne.
The work included the construction of an exceptional steel-and-glass roof with a total
area of 7,080sqm. Two key features of the design are its open style, with a gallery-type
second floor, and the high, dome-like glass roof that allows plenty of daylight to reach
both floors. The glass roof has to follow the line of the shopping malls below and so the
result is a complex free-form gridshell with spans of up to 44m.
Melbourne’s climate was another special factor seele had to consider: with a glass
roof up to 260m long, the high temperatures possible in this city can lead to deformations
of up to 135mm. It is therefore vital that the supports for the glass roof on the building
not only withstand the high loads of the roof, but also include a sliding detail to
accommodate the very considerable deformations caused by temperature fluctuations.
A total of 2,672 cold-bent ISO insulating glass panes form the outer envelope. In order
that really every pane format could be installed on site, seele has made minimal changes
to the façade form specified by the architects – to great effect. As a result, all pane
formats were produced using the cold bending technique. The line of the roof descending
over three floors leads to diverse structural challenges for the transition from the
horizontal, heavily loaded roof area to the vertical façade section. As this is the first such
design on this scale, seele had to carry out pioneering work, which included the custom
screw fixings.
Owing to its dimensions and form, the specific local demands and the logistics
challenges, the free-form roof for Australia’s largest retail complex has a very important
place among the projects in which seele has participated. So the Chadstone roof is yet
another structure that demonstrates vividly the wealth of skills available within seele.

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Project Title: Mega Foodwalk

Location: Samutprakarn, 10540 Thailand
Landscape Design: Landscape Collaboration
Architects: FOS
Completion Date: 2016
References:
https://www.archdaily.com/901595/mega-foodwalk-landscape-landscape-collaboration

Figure 8: Mega Food Walk Interior Figure 7: Mega Food Walk Exterior

‘Reconnecting Urban Life with Nature Through A Flowing Shopping Experience’

The sheer size of Megabangna shopping complex is as large as a small town. Its central
building is perceived as a downtown, whereas Foodwalk zone on the east wing is
portrayed as countryside with more green areas and canals. The new extension of retail
zone located on the eastern periphery beyond the existing zone could then be
conceptualized as a ‘Valley’, one of the most pleasant natural topography in which its
intimate central space is enclosed by continuous frontage of lushly mountains.
The architectural concept of the new extension, ‘The Valley’, therefore derives from the
geographic character of its metaphor. To create similar atmosphere to a natural valley, the
layout of the new open-air mall is composed around a central courtyard space, in which a
sunken plaza.
The Hill is intended to be a relaxing space where people can fully immerse
themselves into the lush landscape with water features and outdoor furniture. By
embedding a lush greenery into the open-air courtyard and throughout the building, the
project becomes a hybrid of a marketplace and a public park where social interactions are
more encouraged among people. Moreover, the idea of transforming natural environment
into a unique shopping experience is synthesized through its spatial organization and
various architectural elements.
Mega Food Walk is an extended semi-outdoor expansion zone at Mega Bangna,
contains an enjoyable landscape courtyard with a relaxing amphitheater and experiential
boardwalk that brings visitors into a vibrant F&B commercial space and through
interactive landscape features within a comfortable micro-climate. The microclimate
within Mega Food walk is controlled by the integration of landscape design and

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innovative engineering resulting in a waterscape that is a successful catalyst of activities,

where adults can enjoy the atmosphere while children line up for the interactive water
features. The water features are also used as a cooling system by circulating cold water
generated from solar-powered chillers. The cool water flows along various features in the
landscape, as the changing physical form of meandering flows, ripples, and cascades of
water deliver unique forms of water splash and an evaporative cooling effect at each bend.
In addition, concealed jet fans create a breezy airflow which distributes cool moisture
from the water features’ surface. As a result, the microclimate is adjusted to an ideal
human comfort zone while also providing added moisture for plants to grow.
An integrated cooling system provides additional benefits to the space by controlling
the humidity and temperature at an ideal temperature for growth of a softscape scenery
inspired by the Scandinavian forests of Småland, Sweden. The designed ‘forest’ uses a
softscape palette of plants indigenous to a sub-tropical to a tropical climate, including
finely textured ferns and moss, to create a unique commercial landscape that blends the
surrounding restaurants with natural greenery. User-based landscape design creates a new
way to experience both the landscape and shops that are located at different levels. The
lower level is dropped to create a sunken plaza space for various events.
Amphitheater seating with genuine wood finish provides cozy spectator seating
throughout the day and night, but more importantly, serves as generous crowd access to
the lower level plaza from the higher main entrance level of the mall. The pathways are
friendly to all users with gentle slopes that are handicap accessible. The experiential
boardwalk that floats above the water features and traverses through the forest green is
intersected by crossing granite stone pathways and giant slate slabs stacked to display the
contrast in form and color of the refined and unrefined material.
The landscape for Mega Food Walk attracts its visitors throughout the site, including the
dancing fountain plaza at one terminus of the site extension. The expansion zone
represents a marrying of different disciplines to create a unique commercial experience
that engages at nearly every corner and path.

C. Methodology of Research

The analysis process is treated as a continual research for quantitative and qualitative
information and its transformation to forms that are useful in the identification, design of
the major Architectural component of the problem and also the project feasibility.
Research design
With the needs to come up with accurate and clear findings, several sources of
information and methods of researching has been consulted and done for the study. This
includes data gathering in different ways traditional and conventional way, reference
book/library books and internet surfing, and personal and actual interviews and surveys
in the community solely for the feasibility of development of the city center.
Research instrument

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In this study, the main reference would be the existing Market Feasibility Study
prepared by Cagayan Economic Zone Authority(CEZA).The Market feasibility Study
which focuses on the following:
⚫ Market Review
Establish the current level of demand for a city center through a review of previous
research and interviews with various users groups.
⚫ Site & Location Analysis
Review the qualities of the proposed site including access and visibility; suitability; size
and present use; proximity to demand generators; and relationship to area amenities.
⚫ Facility Recommendations
Once have assessed the strength of demand and the mix of user groups, review and
comment on or make recommendation as to the complement of facilities required to meet
the demands of the marketplace and provide a diversified revenue base.
⚫ Financial Projections
Prepare detailed operating and financial projection for the proposed facility, using the
most comparable complexes as a benchmark.

D. Bibliography

Archdaily. (2012, July 11). Arch Daily . Retrieved from Arch Daily :
https://www.archdaily.com/254471/gardens-by-the-bay-grant-associates
Chadstone Shopping Center. (2016). Retrieved from Seele Refeernces:
https://seele.com/references/chadstone-shopping-centre/
Daily, A. (2016). Mega Foodwalk. Retrieved from Arch Daily:
https://www.archdaily.com/894133/mega-foodwalk-fos
Krueger, A. O. (2006, April 06). The World Economy at the Start of the 21st Century,
Remarks by Anne O. Krueger, First Deputy Managing Director, IMF. Retrieved
from International Monetary Fund:
https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2015/09/28/04/53/sp040606
LGU. (2015). Sta. Ana "The PAradise of the North".
Pangburn, K. (2015, 14 July). The History of Mixed Use Development. Retrieved from
Word Press:
https://crunkletonblog.wordpress.com/tag/the-history-of-mixed-use-developments
/

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Chapter 2
PRESENTATION OF DATA

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A. Data Management
a. Present Condition
The place has a total land area of 44,130 hectares representing about 4.9 percent of
the total land area of the Province of Cagayan. It owns a shoreline distance of 97.709
kilometers, 1,234.49 square kilometers of municipal waters, 4,490.0 square kilometers
agricultural area, 28,532 hectares of forest including mangrove with an area of 512.23
hectares open grassland, and 452 hectares built-up area where residential, public and
private institutions and facilities are erected. Road networks and utilities measures 131.64
hectares and 2,931.36 hectares of rivers and creeks.

1. Demographic Data
Santa Ana has a total population of 35,574 (as of 2018) with a population density of
69 persons/km². Among the 16 Barangays that comprise the Municipality, Barangay
Centro has the biggest population while Barangay Patunungan has the largest land area.
Population growth rate is 1.2 percent, where at present, the total number of families
reached 9,428 and the total number of households summed up to 8,105.

POPULATION 2018

Barangay Male Female Total Household Families

Casagan 351 343 694 150 160
Casambalangan 2,371 2,275 4,646 990 1,281
Centro 2,639 2,765 5,404 1,352 1,366
Diora Zinungan 682 659 1,341 320 352
Dungeg 423 400 823 328 365
Kapanikian 428 413 841 189 224
Marede 881 892 1,773 369 480
Palawig 1,552 1,567 3,119 647 827
Parada Batu 570 559 1,129 227 304
Patunungan 829 790 1,619 328 363
Rapuli 1,700 1,626 3,326 762 907
San Vicente 2,483 2,497 4,980 1,134 1,299
Sta. Clara 574 520 1,094 218 266
Sta. Cruz 424 492 916 211 239
Tangatan 1,270 1,459 2,729 617 704
Visitacion 590 550 1,140 263 291
Total 17,767 17,807 35,574 8,105 9,428

Physical Features and Demography

Geographical Location: 18’30’07” North Latitude 122’34’57” longitude

Boundaries: North-Babuyan Channel. East Philippine Sea

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South Municipality of Gonzaga. West Babuyan Channel.

Topography: Level to nearly level to rolling to steeply sloping to mountainous.
Elevation: 0-954 ASL highest elevation, (Palawig range).
Slope: 75%>18% slope is mountainous. 0-18%- comprises the rest
Hydrology: Sufficient inland and ground water.
Soil type: Hydrosol, San Miguel silt loam, Beach sand, Alaminous loam, Alaminous clay
loam, mountain soil undifferentiated, quingua silt loam, Buguey loamy sand
Mineral resources: Limestone, sulfur, residual clay, sand, gravel and boulders.
Legal basis of its creation: Executive Order #289
Land Area: 44,130 hectares (441.30 sq. km.)
No. of Barangay: 16 Barangay
Town Classification: 2nd Class
Annual Income: P 144,485,666.00
Population 2018: 35,574
No. of Household: 8,105
No. of Families: 9,428
Population Density: .76/ha.
Major Source of Livelihood: Farming and Fishing

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2. Physical Data
Macro Site Data

Figure 10: Sta. Ana, Cagayan Google map,

Figure 9: Google Map, Satellite view
Satellite view

The Municipality of Sta. Ana is located in the northeastern tip of Cagayan at

geographical coordinates of 18 degrees 30 minutes North latitude and 122 degrees 00
minutes longitude. It is bounded on the northern and eastern portion by the Pacific Ocean,
on the west by the Babuyan Channel and the Municipality of Gonzaga on its southern
portion. Sta. Ana is approximately 165 kms. from Tuguegarao, the capital town of
Cagayan and Region It’s regional center. The town occupies a total area of 44,130
hectares which is 4.90% of the total land area of the province of Cagayan.

Area and Land Uses

For Sta. Ana has approximately 17% or 7,502 hectares of its land area is being utilized as
cultivation and alienable and disposable (A&D) area. The data presented above shows
that the areas covered are predominantly classified as forestlands and a significant portion
(27.37%) is considered as protected areas. This includes Palaui Island with 2,439
hectares, Sta. Ana with 10,971 hectares of old growth forest including 598 hectares of
mossy forest and 220 hectares of mangrove forest. The total protected area that Sta.

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Ana covers is estimated at 14,632.31 hectares including the 568 hectares of the integrated
social Forestry Program of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
In comparison to its neighboring municipalities and land area, the progress of Santa
Ana has been describe as meteors on account of several factors e.g. strategic location,
potentials and facilities. It is thus imperative to know further the general pattern of
growth within the municipality. In order to relate it to the extent of change which may
be possible in the light of government and non-government resources available for
change.
The existing general land use of the municipality will provide information of the
physical character of the area and the relationship between the physical character and the
identified and qualified socio-economic characteristics. Based on the information
judgment can be made as to whether existing patterns are needed to hasten the
physio-socio economic development of the municipality as social and economic pattern
continue to change.

Existing General Land Use Classification

Municipality of Sta. Ana, Cagayan
Land Use Classification Total Area (Has.) Percent to Total Area
Built-up Area 452 1.02
Open Grassland 3,172 7.19
Agricultural Land 4,490 10.17
Forest Land 32,952 74.67
River/Creeks 2,931 6.64
Utilities/Road networks 131.64 0.31
Grand Total 44,130 100%

Proposed General Land Use Classification

Municipality of Sta. Ana, Cagayan
Land Use Classification Total Area (Has.) Percent to Total Area
Built-up Area 550 1.25
Open Grassland 1,054.50 2.39
Agricultural Land 5,601 12.69
Forest Land 32,953 74.67
Agro-industrial 900.5 2.04
River/Creeks 2,931 6.64
Utilities/Road networks 140 0.32
Grand Total 44,130 100%

The población of Santa Ana occupies a total land area of about 210 hectares including
road networks and is characterized by a flat relief with a soil type classified under the

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land capability class A and with slope classification indicates suitability for high-density
development.

Existing Urban Land Uses

Municipality of Sta. Ana, Cagayan
Land Use Classification Total Area (Has.) Percent to Total Area
Residential 21.39 10.20
Commercial 1.68 0.80
Industrial 0.23 0.11
Institutional 14.71 7.00
Park & Open Space 102.78 49.00
Facilities 4.69 2.20
Agricultural 11.37 5.40
Roads/Streets 53.15 25.30
Total 210 100%

Land Use Map

Figure 11: Existing Land Use Map| References: NAMRIA and LGU-Sta. Ana Maps

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Figure 12: Land Cover Map| References: NAMRIA and LGU-Sta. Ana Maps

Climate
Climatologically Profile
The climate of Santa Ana falls under the fourth type of climate. Such type is
characterized by having even distribution of rainfall throughout the year. The dry
season begins in the month of March and ends late July. The hottest periods are the
months of April, May and June. Generally, the months of June, July and August are
moderate with occasional rains. The rest of the year is characterized by heavy
downpours. This is characterized as not having very pronounced seasons, relatively dry
from November to April and wet during the rest of the year.

Rainfall, Temperature, Humidity and Typhoon Occurrences

Rainfall varies from 16.00 mm to 44.00 mm in the mountainous areas, with an annual
average of 26.00 mm. Temperature ranges from a low of 17 degrees Celsius during the
period of November to February, to a high of 35 degrees Celsius during the months of
April, May and June, with May being the warmest month and January as the coldest.

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A high relative humidity prevails in the area ranging from 70% to 90% with an annual
mean of 76%. Furthermore, tropical storms frequently visit the area averaging about 12
typhoons per year. Occurrence of such is usually between the months of May and
November. The occurrence of flood is also within these typhoon months. Drought is
usually experienced during the dry months of April, May and June.

Figure 13: Climate Disaster| Source Manila Observatory and DENR

Figure 14:: Rainfall Change| Source Manila Observatory and DENR

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Access
Sta. Ana, Cagayan can reach by air, land or water.

Air Transportation. A concrete runway of about 800 meters long and 215 meter wide
exists at the San Vicente Naval Operating Base (SVNOB) in Barangay San Vicente. The
airstrip can accommodate small aircrafts containing 6-10 passengers.

Land Transportation. Maharlika Highway serves the national road connecting Santa Ana
from Metro Manila. It is 644 kilometers away from the said capital of the Philippines.
Aircon buses ply Santa Ana-Manila and Santa Ana-Ilocos Norte routes daily. Mini-buses,
vans and jeepneys are also accessible for provincial wide trips. Tricycles are 24-hour
available for local routes.

Marine Transportation. The Port Irene in Barangay Casambalangan caters to commercial

ships and one of the major ports used in transporting second-hand vehicles and cars.
Another port, known the San Vicente Wharf, also exists and serves as an alternative port
for smaller vessels. Motorized boats remain the mode of transportation in the area.

Figure 15: Road Network Map| References: NAMRIA and LGU-Sta. Ana Maps

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Micro Site Data

Boundaries

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Area, Land Use and Topography/ Landform

The site is located in Sitio Punti, Barangay Rapuli Sta. Ana, Cagayan within the
Cagayan Economic Zone and Freeport along the national highway of Dugo-San Vicente
Rd. It is located in the western portion of the municipality along the shore containg an
area of 66,981 sq. meters

Figure 16: Land Classification Map: Alienable and Disposable|

References: NAMRIA and LGU-Sta. Ana Maps

Figure 17: Slope Map: 0-18 (Level-nearly) | References:

NAMRIA and LGU-Sta. Ana Maps

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Figure 18: Soil Map: Buguay Loamy Sand| References:

NAMRIA and LGU-Sta. Ana Maps
Visual Resources
Photo Locator Map

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Photo 1: The site is relatively

flat

Photo 2:

Photo 3:

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Photo 4:

Photo 5:

Photo 6:

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3. Sectoral Data
General Public Services
Social Services
The literacy program of the locality is being managed by both the Department of
Education (DepEd) and privately-owned schools. At present, there are sixteen (16)
public elementary schools and one (1) private school; three (2) public secondary
schools and one (1) private school. There is an existing tertiary and vocational
schools which are both privately-owned and managed. There are 19 pre-school and
six (3) primary institutions.

Education
Day Care Center 21
Primary 3
Elementary School 19
Secondary School 3

There are two (2) hospitals in the locality: the Santa Ana Community Hospital,
which is a government hospital and the Saint Anthony’s Charity Hospital (now
named Gerry Filipetto’s Memorial Hospital), which is owned and managed by a
religious entity. Three (3) dental clinics exist in the area. One (1) main Health Center
and seven (7) Barangay Health Centers that reach out to interior barangays, as well
as a privately-owned medical clinic, cater to the medical services and needs of the
people of Santa Ana.

Health Services
Hospital 2
Health Center 7
Medical Clinic 1
Dental Clinic 3

The promotion of sports and recreation is one of the primary concerns of the
LGU. To date, the municipality has a total of 15 basketball courts, reflecting that
basketball seem the most popular sports in town. Watching television serves the most
common leisure activity of the residents, plus the accessibility of spectacular beaches
of Santa Ana, which have become popular for vacation and relaxation purposes.

Sports Facilities
Physical Fitness Gymnasium 1
Basketball Courts 11

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The promotion of peace and order in the municipality is primarily maintained by

the Philippine National Police (PNP) having 18 personnel. Abreast the existing
human force are their vehicles which include one (1) unit Revo Patrol Jeep, one (1)
unit Isuzu Patrol Jeep, one (1) unit motorcycle and their basic firearms and
ammunitions. Support network for Police services are being sustained by the
Regional Mobile Group (RMG) stationed in Barangay Casambalangan. Further,
seawater jurisdictions emanate from the Maritime Police and Philippine Navy.

Protective Services
Philippine National Police
(PNP)
Regional Mobile Group (RMG)
Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)
Philippine Navy
Philippine Marines
Philippine Maritime
Tanod-kalikasan
Bantay-dagat
Barangay-tanod

Economic Services
Among the facilities, as per records, comprise 17 Communal Irrigation System
(CIS), three (3) Small Water Impounding Project (SWIP), 35 shallow tube wells/open
source pump, 36multi Purpose Drying Pavement (MPDP), one (1) unit four-wheeled
tractor, 288 units hand tractor (kuliglig), 51 units tresher, one (1) unit multi-purpose
thresher/husker/sheller, 27 units mobile rice mill, seven (7) dams, one (1) Maduvika
warehouse and one (1) Municipal Grain Center.

Socio-Economic Profile-Agricultural
Area Dimension/Quantity
Total Agricultural Land 4,490 hectares
Major Product Rice
Total Area Allocated to Rice 2,574 hectares
Total Area Allocated to Corn 136.50 hectares
Total Area Allocated to Pineapple 323.00 hectares
Total Area Allocated to Watermelon 223.00 hectares
Total Area Allocated to Rootcrops 223.93 hectares
Total Area Allocated to Coconut 291.27 hectares
Total Area Allocated to Banana 293.00 hectares

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Total Area Allocated to Vegetables 198.00 hectares

Total Area Allocated to Legumes 223.30 hectares

Two ports were developed in support to the fishing activities of the locality: The
Port San Vicente and the Port Irene.

Seaports
Port Irene
(Barangay Casambalangan)
Port San Vicente
(Barangay San Vicente)

Pre/Post Harvest Facilities

Communal Irrigation System (CIS) 17
Small Water Impounding System
3
(SWIP)
Shalow Tube Well/Open Source
35
Pump
Multi-purpose Drying Pavement
36
(MPDP)
Four-wheel Tractor 1
Hand Tractor (kuliglig) 288
Rice Thresher 51
Multi-purpose
1
Thresher/Husher/Sheller
Mobile Rice Mill 27
Dams 7
MADUVIKA Warehouse 1
Municipal Grain Center 1
Gabion 252
Solar Dryer 50
Carts 101
Suyod/Arado 724

Records show that fishing boats total to 347, 25 fishing boats, one (1) Municipal
Fish Ports, one (1) Provincial Fishery Station, and one (1) community fish landing.

Fisheries and Aquatic Resources

Area of Municipal Water 1,234.49 km²

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Shoreline Distance 97.709 km²

Are of Brackish Fishpond 57.80 hectares
Area of Mangrove 512.25 hectares
Area of Rivers/Creeks 287.70 hectares

Fisheries and Aquatic Resources

No. of Municipal Fishing Boat 352
No. of Commercial Fishing Boat 25
Municipal Fishport 1
Provincial Fishery Station 1

Physical Infrastructures
The source of electric power is being supplied by the Cagayan Electric
Cooperative (CAGELCO) II and being supplemented by the Port Irene Power
Supply System which is being managed by CEZA.
Power
Electric Cooperative
(CAGELCO II) 1
Port Irene Power Supply
System 1

Two (2) aircon bus companies (Florida Liner and Golden Star) ply the Santa
Ana-Manila route and vice versa daily, (2) for Santa Ana-Ilocos daily. Mini buses
(PUB) and aircon vans (PUV) are also available for province-wide trips while
tricycles are 24-hour available for local routes.

Road Network
National Road 2,450 Km
Provincial Road 6.44 Km
Municipal Road 16.105 Km
Barangay Road 104.997 Km
Bridges 14

Vehicle Ownership
Jeep 74
Van/Car 123
Tricycle 514

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Motorcycle 306
Bicycle 530
Bus 18
Private Vehicle 49

Communication facilities are also accessible with the use of mobile phones
(Smart and Globe). Postal service is located in the “Poblacion”, which is manned by
two (2) personnel who hand-carry communications to the local communities and one
(1) telegraphic communication facility owned by the Telecommunications Office.
Three (3) television/cable stations are serving the people, which feature both national
and international telecasts.

Communication
Postal Services 1
Telegram/Telephone (Digitel) 1
Mobile Phone 3
(Smart and Globe)
TV Cable Station 5
Internet 2

Potable water supply for both household and commercial consumption in the
municipality are being sourced out from either pump wells or open-dug wells and
pressurized tank. Santa Ana also has an existing local water utilities (level 3), which
at present, is servicing three (10) barangays.

Water System
Shallow/Pump Well 5,891
Open-dug Well 39
Level II (SAWD) 802
Spring Dev’t 57
Electric 13
Sharing 815

Toilet Facilities
Water-sealed 7,516
Open Pit 134
Sharing 835

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4. Industrial Profile

Commercial/Trade Establishments
Palay Dealer 2
Sari-sari Store 86
Grocery 9
Resort/Hotels/Lodging/Inn 18
Restaurant/Carinderia 18
Chicken Vendor 5
Hog and Large Cattle Butcher 19
Vegetable Vendor 10
Fish Vendor/Lobster Buyer 12
Furniture/Rattan Shop 5
Gravel and Sand 1
Farm and Poultry Supply 8
Vulcanizing/Welding Shop 5
Cake Vendor 3
Rice Retailer/Dealer 12
Bakery 6
Various Store 80
Hardware 5
Hollowblocks Maker/Retailer 4
Drug Store 3
Bank 2
Bagoong Manufacturer 10
Electrical Supply 4
Photo Center 3
Total 330

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