NLSI Lui Kwok Pat Fong College Name: ______________

F.1 Mathematics Notes Class: ______ (______)

Chapter 10 Manipulation of Simple Polynomials Date: ______________
Assignment
Homework HW due
Ex. Classwork
Level 1 Level 2 date
10A 1 – 4, (5 – 10)a, 12a, 21b, 22b 23b 25a, 27a 29a, 30a,
14a, 16a, 17a, 18a, 19a 31a
10B 1 – 6, (9 – 14)a, 15, 16 (21 – 26)a, 27bc, 29 28c, 30
10C (1 – 11)a, 14, 15, 16 17, 19, 24, 32, 33 34
10D 4, 5, 6, 9, 11, 12, 14, 17, 16, 18, 26, 28, 30, 33, 41 38, 40
19

Goal Setting: Complete Q1.1 & Q1.2 on P.23

10.0 Quick Review (c) abccc c 

A. Index Notation 2021 times

If n is a positive integer, then

an  a  a  a  a
n times (d) a  (bc)  (bc)  (bc)   (bc) 
n
For a , we call it the power, where a is the base 2021 times

and n is the index.

Notes: (e) abbb bc 

1. a1 is usually simplified as a. 2021 times

2. a2 is also read as ‘the square of a’

3. a3 is also read as ‘the cube of a’
(f) (4a)  (4a)  ( 4a)   ( 4a) 
Exercise 1: Rewrite the following expressions 2 n times

in index notation.
(a) aaa  abbb b 
p times q times
(g)  (4a)  (4a)  (4a)   (4a) 
2 n times

(b) (abc)  (abc)  (abc)   (abc) 

2021 times
(h) 4 a  a  a  a 
2 n times

F.1 Mathematics Notes Ch. 10 Manipulation of Simple Polynomials P.1

Example 1: Simplify the following expressions. Class Practice 1:
(a) 3a  a  a  2a  Simplify the following expressions.
(a) a  a  a  2a  9  3a 

(b) 2  5  b  b  a  6  b  a  (b) 2  b  b 10  b  5 

(c) 3c  (4c)  5c  (c) (3c)  2  2c  c  c  (2c)  2c 

(d) (d  3d  d )  2d  4d  (d) d  e  3d  2e  d  5d 

(e) (3e  2e)(3e  2e)  (e) (7e  3e  e)  3e  e  2e 

(f) f  2 f  (2 f  7 f )

B. Removing brackets Class Practice 2: Expand the following

Example 2: Expand the following expressions. expressions.
(a) 2(3a  5)  (a) 5(a 2  2a  1) 

(b) 5(b2  3b  2) 
(b) 8(2b3  3b  5) 

(c) 3(c3  2c  3) 

3
(c) ( 3c 3  20c 2  c  2) 
2 5
(d) (6d 2  9d  2) 
3

F.1 Mathematics Notes Ch. 10 Manipulation of Simple Polynomials P.2

Example 3 Expand the following expressions. Class Practice 3: Expand the following
expressions.
(a) 2(3a  5) 
(a) 5(a 2  2a  1) 
(b) 5(b 2  3b  2) 
(b) 8(2b3  3b  5) 
(c) 3(c3  2c  3) 
(c) 2(4c 4  3c 2  1) 
(d) (4d 2  d  2) 
1
(d)  (12d 3  6d  4) 
3 2
(e)  (16e 4  8e 2  e  2) 
4
(e) (e3  2e2  3e  6) 

Self-Planning: Complete Q2.1 on P.23

10.1 Laws of Positive Integral Indices 2. In each of the following, fill in the box
A. Law of Indices for a  a m n
with a suitable index.
Activity 1: a10  a 4  a
(a)
1. Simplify the following expressions and
a
express the answers in index notation. b b  b
3 37

(a) a3  a 4  (a  a  a)  (a  a  a  a) (b)
 aaaaaaa b
c  c  c2  c
3 9
 a7 (c)
c
(b) b2  b3  (_____)  (__________) d d d  d
5 6
(d)
 _________________ d
b
In general,
(c) c3  c  (_________)  c
am  an  a  a  a  aaaa a
 ______________ m times n times

c  aaa a
m  n times

 a m n

Law 1
If m and n are positive integers, then
am  an = am + n

F.1 Mathematics Notes Ch. 10 Manipulation of Simple Polynomials P.3

Example 4: Simplify the following expressions. Class Practice 4: Simplify the following
(a) a a
4 11
expressions.
(b) b  b9 (a) m11  m3  m7
(c) c3 d 2  c5 d 4 (b) n4  n  n2
(d) de3 f 2  d 4e (c) p17 q 24  p 42 q
(d) a7b3  b2

Example 5: Simplify the following expressions. Class Practice 5: Simplify the following
(a) 3a 5  (2a 2 ) expressions.
(b) (b)  4b5 (a) 2n7  (34n 4 )
(c) (2c 2 )(3c3 )  4c 4 (b) (2a)(5a 4 )
(d) d 8e3  2de4 (c) (2 x 2 y10 )(5 xy 3 )
(d) (5 x8 y 5 z 3 )(2 xy 3 )(3x3 z 4 )

F.1 Mathematics Notes Ch. 10 Manipulation of Simple Polynomials P.4

B. Law of Indices for a m  a n
3
Activity 2 (e) 3 3
5 7 
1. Simplify the following expressions and 3
express the answers in index notation.
28 
(a) 28  25  3 3 3 3 3 3 3
25
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 

2 2 2 2 2
 23

35 a
(b) 35  33 
33 (f) a a
4 5 
a
3 3 3 3 3



= 3 

2. Observe the result in question 1. Fill in the

(c) a a
4
 boxes with suitable numbers or letters.

a 
(a) a17  a3  a a
a a

b 1 1
22 (b) b3  b7   
(d) 2  2
2 5
 5 b b

b
2


2 2 2 2 2 
(c) c n 3  c n   c c
1

2

Law 2
If a  0, m and n are positive integers, then
am
am  an  n
 a mn (where m > n)
a
am 1
am  an  n
 nm (where n > m)
a a

F.1 Mathematics Notes Ch. 10 Manipulation of Simple Polynomials P.5

Example 6: Simplify the following expressions. Class Practice 6: Simplify the following
(a) a  a
21 30
expressions.
(b) b11  b6 (a) x9  x8
(b) x  x6

Example 7: Simplify the following expressions. Class Practice 7: Simplify the following
(a) 12a9  3a4 expressions.
(b) 4b7  (20b6) (a) 35a7  70a
(c) (30c4 )  (25c7) (b) 6b24  3b6
(d) 28d 5  7d 9 (c) 27c30  (9c31)
(d) 6d 3  (2d 6)

F.1 Mathematics Notes Ch. 10 Manipulation of Simple Polynomials P.6

Example 8: Simplify the following expressions. Class Practice 8: Simplify the following
(a) x y  x y
7 5 9 6
expressions.
(b) a8b  a6b7 (a) 8a5  2a3
(c) 42a3b4  24a9b5 (b) 4b5  (b7)
36m3n7 (c) 48a 2b5  (36a3b5 )
(d)
27mn8 27a3b 4
(d)
9ab6

F.1 Mathematics Notes Ch. 10 Manipulation of Simple Polynomials P.7

Example 9: Simplify the following expressions. Class Practice 9: Simplify the following
(a) 6a9  9a18  (21a 6 ) expressions.
(b) 3a3b5  2ab2  (6a 4b8 ) (a) 15a 6  (10a8 )  (3a 3 )
(c) (18a 7b8 )  (3a 15a 2b7 ) (b) ab3  27a3b2  (36a5b4 )
(d) 18a 7b8  (3a) 15a 2b7 (c) (3m4 n5 )  (2n 2  9m2 n3 )
(e) 36a4b5  3ab2  6a2b3 (d) 3m4 n5  2n2  9m2n3
(f) 36a 4b5  (3ab 2  6a 2b3 ) (e) 6 x3 y 2  (9 xy 4 )  4 x 2 y
(f) 6 x3 y 2  (9 xy 4  4 x 2 y)

F.1 Mathematics Notes Ch. 10 Manipulation of Simple Polynomials P.8

 4. (a)  10b7  5b6
2b3
(b)
 6b9
Self-Evaluation Exercise 10.1
1. m7  m11 
A. m4
B. m18
1
C.
m4
1
D.
m18

2. ab3  a 2b  5. (a) m5  3m3  2m4

A. a 2b3 16m8
(b)
B. a3b4 4m 6  2m

C. 2a3b4
D. 4a 2b3

3. Simplify 2a 4  (7a 6 ).
A.  5a10
B.  5a 24
C.  14a10
D.  14a 24

6. (a) (2 xy )(3x 2 y 3 )
Simplify the following expressions. (3  6)
(b)  24 x 3 y 7  4 xy 4
3. (a) 4a 4  2a3
(b) (3a 6 )(3a)

F.1 Mathematics Notes Ch. 10 Manipulation of Simple Polynomials P.9

10.2 Polynomials Example 11: Determine whether each of the
A. Basic Concepts of Monomials and following is a monomial. If yes, put a ‘’ in the
Polynomials box and write down its coefficient and degree;
Algebraic expressions are usually separated otherwise, put a ‘’.
into several parts by ‘+’ or ‘’ signs. Each part
with the sign ‘+’ or ‘’ in the front is called a Coefficient Degree
term. A term can be a multiplication or division
of a number and variables and it can also be (a) 23 c3d 5 □ _

just a number.
(b) 
4x
5
□ __

Example 10: Write down the number of terms

in each of the following.
(c)
3y
5x
□
(a) 4x2 – 5x + 3 has _____ terms
(b) x  x  9y has _____ terms
7 (d) (a 5 ) 2 □ __

(c) 3x4  x – 4x  (3y) (2z) has _____ terms

4x
(e) 3c  12q □ __
(d) 3x 2  3a  b  2  5 x  2 y  7
y
has _____ terms
(f)
6
a
□ __

Monomials If two monomials contain the same variable(s)

A monomial is an algebraic expression which to the same power(s), they are called like terms.
has only one term. It can be one of the Otherwise they are called unlike terms.
following types:
Example 12: Determine whether each of the
Type Examples following pairs are like terms or not. If yes, put
1. a number 2 a ‘’ in the box a; otherwise, put a ‘’.
4 , , 0.58
7
3
3
(a) 4, 9 □
2. a variable with a positive a , b ,x
integral index (b) 4x, 3y □
3
3. the product of a number 2 xy
4a 3 , ,
and variable(s), each with 3 (c)
xy
3
, 7yx □
a positi ve integral index 1 5 2
3x , abc
4 (d) 6x2, 3x □
For a monomial containing variable(s), its (e) 3x2y, xy2 □
numerical part is called the coefficient of the
monomial. The sum of the indices of all the (f) 4ab, 2ab2 □
variables in a monomial is called the degree (or
order) of the monomial. If the degree is n, the (g) 3abc2, 6c2ab □
monomial is called a monomial of degree n.

F.1 Mathematics Notes Ch. 10 Manipulation of Simple Polynomials P.10

Polynomial 3. For each of the following polynomials,
A polynomial can be a monomial or the sum of complete the table and determine the
two or more monomials. degree of the polynomial.
(a) 7 x5  4x3  x10  3x2 10
Each monomial in a polynomial is called a
term of the polynomial, and the term does not Term 7x5 4x3 x10 3x2 10
contain any variable is called the constant
Degree
term.

The term with the highest degree is

A polynomial with only 2 unlike terms is called
__________ and its degree is ________.
a binomial and a polynomial with only 3
Hence, the degree of the polynomial
unlike terms is called a trinomial.
7 x5  4x3  x10  3x2 10 is _________.

In a polynomial, the highest degree of all the

(b) 9 x 2 y 3  8 x3 y  7 x
terms is the degree of the polynomial.

Class Practice 10: Term 9x 2 y 3 8x 3 y 7x

1. Determine each of the following algebraic Degree
expressions is a polynomial. If it is put a
‘’ in the box a; otherwise, put a ‘’. The term with the highest degree is

□ 7a 10
□ 3x x
1
__________ and its degree is ________.
Hence, the degree of the polynomial
2  5b 2 xy 2 9 x 2 y 3  8 x3 y  7 x is _________.
□ 3a
□ 3
1
 3x 2  y
7
5 x 2  3x  7
□ 3
5
□ 2
B. Arrangement of Terms
A polynomial containing only one variable is
called a polynomial in one variable, e.g.
2. Write down the numbers of terms and the 7 x5  4x3  x10  3x2 10 and 3 y  4 y 5  12 y 3
constant terms of the following
polynomials. For a polynomial in one variable, we usually
polynomial No. of Constant arrange the terms in descending powers or
terms term ascending powers of the variable.
(a) 6 x3  3x2  x  2
For example, consider the polynomial
(b) 3 y  4 y  12 y
5 3
7 x5  4x3  x10  3x2 10 .
2a 1 (i) Arranged in descending powers of x:
(c) 5ab 2  
3 4 x10  7 x5  4x3  3x2 10 .
5 x 2  3x  7 (ii) Arranged in ascending powers of x:
(d)
2 10  3x2  4 x3  7 x5  x10 .

F.1 Mathematics Notes Ch. 10 Manipulation of Simple Polynomials P.11

Example 13: Arrange the terms of the Class Practice 11:
polynomial 3 y 5  y  6 y 2  y 6  1  7 y 4 in (a) Arrange the terms of the polynomial
descending powers of y, and in ascending b4  9  3b6  7b  5b2 in descending
powers of y. powers of b, and in ascending powers of b.

Descending powers of y: Descending powers of b:

Ascending powers of y: Ascending powers of b:

Note: For a polynomial in two or more (b) Arrange the terms of the polynomial
variables, its terms can also be arranged in 20  21x6  22 x  5x212  x2022 in
descending powers or ascending powers of one descending powers of b, and in ascending
of the variables. powers of x.
For example, consider the polynomial
9 x 2 y 3  8 x3 y  7 x  3x 2 y  10 . Descending powers of x:
(i) Arranged in descending powers of x:
8 x3 y  9 x 2 y 3  3x 2 y  7 x  10
or 8 x3 y  3x 2 y  9 x 2 y 3  7 x  10
Ascending powers of x:
(ii) Arranged in descending powers of y:
9 x 2 y 3  8 x3 y  3x 2 y  7 x  10 .
or 9 x 2 y 3  3x 2 y  8 x3 y  10  7 x

C. Simplification of Polynomials
Example 14: Simplify the following Class Practice 12: Simplify the following
polynomials and arrange the terms in polynomials.
descending order. (a) 3a + a  6a
(a) 3a  2a 1  9a  7
2 2
(b) 9x2  7x2 + 3x2 – 4x2
(b) 2b  3b3  6  9b2  2b3  5b2  4  b3  4b2 (c) 3pq2 + 19pq2  18q2p

F.1 Mathematics Notes Ch. 10 Manipulation of Simple Polynomials P.12

D. Value of a Polynomial
Example 15: Find the value of the polynomial Class Practice 13: Simplify the following
2a 1 polynomials and arrange the terms in
5ab 2   when a  2 and b  1 .
3 4 descending powers of x.
(a) 5x + x2  4x2  9 + 3x + 6  x
(b) 4x + 3x3  8x + 7 2x3  2x + 1

Class Practice 14: Find the value of the

Example 16: Find the value of the polynomial 2 xy 2
polynomial  3x 2  y in each of the
5 x 2  3x  7 3
when x  1 .
2 following cases.
(a) x = 3, y = 2
(b) x  1 , y  3
1 1
(c) x , y
2 3

F.1 Mathematics Notes Ch. 10 Manipulation of Simple Polynomials P.13

 Self-Evaluation Exercise 10.2
1. Which of the following is not a 3. Which of the following polynomials is
polynomial? arranged in descending powers of x?
A.  x A. 4  2 x  3x2  7 x3  x4
B. 3  y B. 3x2  x4  2x  4  7 x3
C. x  2x C.  x4  7 x3  3x2  2x  4
D. 2xy 2  y D. 7 x3  4  2x  x4  3x2

2. Which of the following polynomials has 4. If x  2 , then the value of the

the highest degree? polynomial 6  2 x  3x2  x3 is
A. 23x3 y  4 x 2  y 5 A. 6.
B. x 4  3 y  2 xy 3 B. 2.
C. x y  3xy  9
2 2 2
C. 10.
D. 7  2 xy  x y  2 y
3 3 2
D. 18.

10.3 Addition and Subtraction of Polynomials

Class Activity 3: When performing addition and subtraction of
1. Simplify the following polynomials. polynomials, we have to
(a) (4a  5a  3a)  1. remove the brackets,
2. change the positive and negative signs of
(b) (4a  5a  3a)  the terms if necessary,
(c) (4a  5a  3a)  3. simply the like terms by addition and
subtraction.
(d) (4a  5a  3a) 
e.g. (2x + 3y) + (3x + y) = 2x + 3y  3x + y
2. Remove the brackets and give the results of = 2x – 3x + 3y + y
the following. = x + 4y
(a) (a  2b  3c)  (2x + 3y)  (3x + y) = 2x + 3y + 3x  y
= 2x + 3x + 3y – y
(b) (2 x  3 y)  = 5x + 2y
(c) (2 x  4 y  3z) 
Note: Unlike terms cannot be simplified by
(d) (3a  4b)  addition or subtraction.

F.1 Mathematics Notes Ch. 10 Manipulation of Simple Polynomials P.14

Example 17: Simplify the following Class Practice 15: Simplify the following
expressions. expressions.
(a) (3x  5y) + (2x  7y) (a) (8x – y) + (4x – 2y)
(b) (13a + 7b  3) + (a  6b  2) (b) (2x – y + 8) + (x + 5y + 2)
(c) (3x  2  4x2) + (4  5x2  8x) (c) (2 x  x3  7 x 2 )  (3x  2 x 2  x3 )

Example 18: Simplify the following Class Practice 16: Simplify the following
expressions. expressions.
(a) (2x + 3y)  (x + 2y) (a) (7a + 2b) – (3a + b)
(b) (7x  5y)  (2x  4y) (b) (3r2 + 5r + 1) – (2r2  2r  3)
(c) (8 + x2)  (3x  6) (c) (2  3x  4 y)  (2 x  3 y  5)
(d) (2a  4b)  (3a + 9b) (d) (4 x  x 2 )  (3  x 2  x)
(e) (12a – b + 5c)  (4c + 7a  b)

F.1 Mathematics Notes Ch. 10 Manipulation of Simple Polynomials P.15

Example 19: Simplify the following Class Practice 17: Simplify the following
expressions and arrange the terms in expressions and arrange the terms in
descending powers of the variables. descending powers of the variables.
(a) (5 x 2  10 x  4)  [(9 x 2  1)  (20  3x)] (a) (7b  23b 2  8)  (3b 2  13b  2)  (6  10b 2 )
(b) (7  13 y 2 )  [( y  4 y 2  2)  (8 y 2  6 y )]
(b) (3  2a)  (a 2  2  3a)  (4a  3a 2  4) 

Example 20: The ages of Mr. Ma and his son Class Practice 18: Marco had (16x + 7y)
are now 5x and 2x  1 respectively. leaflets originally. He gave out (5x + 3y – 9)
(a) Express the sum of their ages 5 years later leaflets in the morning and (4x – 2y + 1)
in terms of x. leaflets in the afternoon.
(b) If the sum of their ages is 79, find Mr. (a) Find the number of leaflets left in terms of
Ma’s age now. x and y.
(b) If 161 leaflets were left and x = 15, find
the original number of leaflets.

F.1 Mathematics Notes Ch. 10 Manipulation of Simple Polynomials P.16

Example 21: In ABC, AB = (2x + 7) cm, Class Practice 19: It is given that ABC is a
BC = (13x – 3) cm and AC = (21 – x). triangle, where BC = 8 + 4x and AC = 9x – x2.
(a) Express the perimeter of ABC in terms of The perimeter of ABC is 2x2 + 13x + 10.
x. (a) Find the length of AB in terms of x.
(b) Ryan claims that if x = 2, the perimeter of (b) Jennifer claims that ABC is an isosceles
ABC will be greater than 60 cm. Do you triangle when x = 2. Do you agree?
agree? Explain your answer. Explain your answer.

Self-Evaluation Exercise 10.3

1. (6 y 2  4 y  7)  (2 y  3 y   5) 
A. 4 y 2  y  2 .
Example 22: Carol has x envelopes. She uses B. 3 y 2  2 y  2 .
(2x – 4) of them and buys another (4x + 1) C. 3 y 2  2 y  2 .
envelopes. After that, she uses (14 – x) D. 3y2  2 y  2 .
envelopes more. Express in terms of x, the
number of envelopes left. 2. (3x  4 x 2  1)  (5  2 x  3x 2 ) 
A. 7 x2  x  6 .
B. 7 x2  5x  4 .
C.  x2  x  6 .
D.  x2  5x  4 .

3. (5a3  8a 2  a  4)  (7a 2  3a  2) 
A. 5a3 15a2  4a  2 .
B. 5a3  15a2  4a  2 .
C. 5a3  a2  4a  2 .
D. 12a3  5a2  a  6

F.1 Mathematics Notes Ch. 10 Manipulation of Simple Polynomials P.17

10.4 Multiplication of Polynomials Class Practice 20: Expand the following.
A. Distributive law of multiplication
(a) 5(x – 2y) =
a(x + y) = ax + ay or (x + y) a = xa + ya
(b) –3(2x + 7y) =
where ax + ay and xa + ya are called the
expansion of a(x + y) and (x + y)a respectively. (c) –4x(3x2 – 6x + 1) =

Example 23: Expand the following expressions. (d) x(3x  2) 

(a) 4(x – 3y) =
(e) –y (3y2 + y – 6) =
(b) 5x(2y + x) =
(f) 2x2(5 – 3x) =
(c) 2y2(x2 – 3y) =
(g) 3x 2 (5 x 2  2 x  8) 
(d) –2(7x + 4y) =

(e) –x(2x + 8y) =

(h) ( x 2  x  2)(2 x) 
(f) –3a(2a – 3b) =

(g) –5x(x – 2y) =

(i)  x( x 2  2 x  1) 
(h) –(3x – 2y) =

Example 24: Expand the following expressions.

(a) (5x – 2)(8) =

(j) (2 x 2  5 xy  7 y 2 )(2 xy) 

(b) (7a – 3b)(2a) =

(c) (–3a2 + 4ab + b2)(3b2)

(k) 4 xy 2 (4 x  y  9  2 xy) 
=

(d) (3x – 5x2)( –2x) =

(l) 5 x 2 ( x 2  x  4) 
(e) (10x – 7xy2 + 3x2y)( –2xy)

F.1 Mathematics Notes Ch. 10 Manipulation of Simple Polynomials P.18

Example 25: Expand and simplify the Class Practice 21: Expand and simplify the
following expressions. following expressions.
(a) 3x(x – 3) + 2x – x2 (a) a(2a  3)  4a 2
(b) 7y – 3y(2 + 4y) (b) 5b(2  b 2 )  8b
(c) 2[y(3y – 2) + y2] (c) 2c(3c 1)  (2  c)(3c)
(d) 4y(5 – y) + 7(y2 + 3y) (d) (d  2)d  3(d  1)
(e) (2a – 6b)(3a) – (4b + a)(3b) (e) (e 10)2e  (3  e)(6e)
(f) 7x(x – y) + (2x – y)( –2y) (f) [ x 2  2( x  1)](6)  3x( x  4)
(g) (3x + 7y)( –2y) – x(2x – 3y)

F.1 Mathematics Notes Ch. 10 Manipulation of Simple Polynomials P.19

B. The product of binomial and polynomial Class Practice 22: Expand the following.
(a) (x – 3)(2 + 5x)
(a + b)(x + y) = ax + ay + bx + by
(b) (3x – 2)(5 – x)
For example: (c) (2a – 7b)(a – 3b)
(3a  2)(a  3)  (3a)a  (3a)(3)  (2)a  2(3) (d) (3x – 4y)(–y – x)
 3a 2  9a  2a  6 (e) (6 – a)(6a + 1)
 3a 2  7a  6 (f) 3a (a – 2)(5 – 4a)
(g) –(3 + a)(6 – 2a)
Alternatively,
3a  2 3a  2 3a  2
) a 3 ) a 3 ) a 3
3a 2  2a 3a 2  2a 3a 2  2a
 9a  6 )  9a  6
3a 2  7 a  6

Example 26: Expand the following.

(a) (x + y)(2x – 1)
(b) (2x + y)(x – y)
(c) (3x – 4y)(2y + x)
(d) –2(2x – 3y)(2x + 3y)
(e) (–x + 2)(4 – 2x)
(f) (–x – y)(2x – y – 4)

F.1 Mathematics Notes Ch. 10 Manipulation of Simple Polynomials P.20

Example 27: Expand the following. Class Practice 23: Expand the following.
(a) (2x – 3)2 (a) (4 – a)2
(b) –(2x – 3)(x + 4x2 – 3x) (b) (3b + 2)2
(c) (1 – x)(2x + 3)(x – 2) (c) –(–a + 2b)2
(d) (2d– 1)(3 + d)(3d – 2)

Example 28: Expand and simplify the Class Practice 24: Expand and simplify the
following expressions, and arrange the terms in following expressions, and arrange the terms in
descending powers of the variables. descending powers of the variables.
(a) (4a  1)(2a 1)  (3  a)(5  3a) (a) 2a(a  3)  (a  3)(2a  5)
(b) (4  b2  6b)  (b  1)(2b  5) (b) (b  3)(6b 1)  (b  5)(4b  1)
(c) c(5c  9)  (c  11)(8c  2)

F.1 Mathematics Notes Ch. 10 Manipulation of Simple Polynomials P.21

Example 29: The base length and the height of Class Practice 25: The prices of a speaker and a
a triangle are (4x + 1) cm and 2(3x + 2) cm keyboard are $(x + 80) and $(2x + 50)
respectively. respectively. Fiona buys 5 speakers and x
(a) Express the area of the triangle in terms of keyboards.
x. (a) Express the amount she needs to pay in
(b) Paul claims that if x = 2, then the area of terms of x.
the triangle must be larger than 70 cm2. (b) If x = 10 and Fiona has $1000, does she
Do you agree? Explain your answer. have enough money? Explain your
answer.

Self-Evaluation Exercise 10.4

1. Expand (5a  3)(3a  5) .
A. 15a2 15 4. ( x  3 y  4) 2 
B. 15a2  15 A. x 2  6 xy  8 x  9 y 2  24 y  16 .
C. 15a2 16a  15 B. x 2  6 xy  8 x  9 y 2  24 y  16 .
D. 15a2  34a  15 C. x 2  6 xy  8 x  9 y 2  24 y  16 .
D. x 2  6 xy  8 x  9 y 2  24 y  16
2. ( x  2 y)( x 2  xy  4 y 2 ) 
A. x3  x 2 y  6 xy 2  8 y 3 .
B. x3  3x 2 y  2 xy 2  8 y 3 .
C. x3  3x 2 y  2 xy 2  8 y 3 . 5. The price of a football is $(4x + 3) and
D. x3  3x 2 y  6 xy 2  8 y 3 . Jack wants to buy (y + 2) footballs.
Express the amount he needs to pay in
3. (4 x  3) 2  (4 x  3) 2  terms of x and y.
A. 48x . A. $(4xy  8x  3 y)
B. 64x 2 . B. $(4 xy  8x  3 y  6)
C. 32x2  18 . C. $(4xy  8x  6 y)
D. 32x2 18 . D. $(4 xy  8x  6 y  6)

End of Chapter 10

F.1 Mathematics Notes Ch. 10 Manipulation of Simple Polynomials P.22

NLSI Lui Kwok Pat Fong College
F.1 Mathematics
Self-Directed Learning (SDL) Checklist Name: _____________________
Chapter 10 Manipulation of Simple Polynomials Class: F.1 ____ Class No:( )
1. Goal Setting
(1.1) What is/are the learning objective(s) of this chapter?

1. To learn the laws of positive _____________ for am  an and a m  a n .

2. To understand the concepts of _________________ and polynomials.
3. To understand the meaning of coefficient, _____________ (or order), constant term,
_____________ terms and unlike terms.
4. To learn how to simplify polynomials and arrange the terms in _________________
(or descending) powers of a variable.
5. To learn how to find the values of polynomials by substitution.
6. To learn the _______________, subtraction of polynomials.
7. To learn the multiplication of a monomial and a polynomial.
8. To learn the multiplication of polynomials.
(1.2) What is your goal?
(1.2.1) My goal of mark in the test of this chapter is (please )
A. 50% - 60%  B. 61% - 75%  C. 76% - 90%  D. 91% - 100% 
(1.2.2) My other goal(s) is/are

2. Self-Planning
(2.1) Pre-lesson Study (please )
(2.1.1) Have you reviewed the prerequisite knowledge? Yes  No 
(2.1.2) What is the percentage of your understanding of the pre-requisite knowledge?
A. Below 50%  B. 50% - 70%  C. 71% - 90%  D. Over 90% 

(2.2) Post-lesson Study (please )

(2.2.1) What is the percentage of formulas you have memorized?
A. Below 50%  B. 50% - 70%  C. 71% - 90%  D. Over 90% 
(2.2.2) Will you plan to have self-studying for the following?
(Links/QR codes will be provided on other pages) Yes No
A. Related topics in higher forms  
B. Related online videos  
C. Challenging questions  

F.1 Mathematics Notes Ch. 10 Manipulation of Simple Polynomials P.23

3. Self-Monitoring
(3.1) What is the percentage of assignments you have submitted on time? (please )
A. Below 50%  B. 50% - 70%  C. 71% - 90%  D. Over 90% 
(3.2) What is the percentage of your understanding of the knowledge in this chapter? (please
)
A. Below 50%  B. 50% - 70%  C. 71% - 90%  D. Over 90% 
(3.3) Which section(s) is/are most difficult for you to understand?
Example: (1.1)

(3.4) What have you done in order to overcome the difficulties? (please )
Yes No
A. Asking teachers  
B. Asking classmates or friends  
C. Asking family members  
D. Asking private tutors  
E. Spending more on textbook, notes, etc.  

4. Self-Evaluation
(4.1) What is the average mark of the self-checking multiple-choice quizzes?
A. Below 50%  B. 50% - 70%  C. 71% - 90%  D. Over 90% 
(4.2) Have you tried to do the multiple-choice exercise on our textbook P.11.48 – 11.49?
Yes  No 

5. Revision
What have you learnt in this chapter?

Please also complete the google form in the google classroom. Thank you!

F.1 Mathematics Notes Ch. 10 Manipulation of Simple Polynomials P.24