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Machine learning involves developing algorithms and statistical models that enable computers to learn from and make predictions based on data without being explicitly programmed. The machine learning process typically includes data collection, preprocessing, feature engineering, model selection, training, evaluation, hyperparameter tuning, and deployment.

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19 views2 pages

ML

Machine learning involves developing algorithms and statistical models that enable computers to learn from and make predictions based on data without being explicitly programmed. The machine learning process typically includes data collection, preprocessing, feature engineering, model selection, training, evaluation, hyperparameter tuning, and deployment.

Uploaded by

zohaib ahmed
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on developing

algorithms and statistical models that enable computers to learn from and make predictions
or decisions based on data, without being explicitly programmed to do so. In traditional
programming, developers write specific instructions for computers to follow, whereas in
machine learning, algorithms learn patterns and relationships directly from data.

The process of machine learning typically involves the following steps:

1. **Data Collection:** Gathering relevant data from various sources, such as sensors,
databases, or the internet. High-quality, diverse, and representative data are crucial for
training accurate machine learning models.

2. **Data Preprocessing:** Cleaning and preparing the data for analysis, which may involve
tasks like removing noise, handling missing values, normalizing or scaling features, and
splitting the data into training and testing sets.

3. **Feature Engineering:** Selecting or creating relevant features (input variables) from the
raw data that can help the machine learning model learn patterns and make accurate
predictions. Feature engineering often requires domain knowledge and creativity.

4. **Model Selection:** Choosing an appropriate machine learning algorithm or model


architecture based on the problem's nature, data characteristics, and desired outcomes.
Common types of machine learning algorithms include linear regression, decision trees,
support vector machines, neural networks, and clustering algorithms.

5. **Training the Model:** Using the training data to teach the machine learning model to
recognize patterns and relationships between features and target variables. During training,
the model adjusts its parameters iteratively to minimize the difference between predicted and
actual outcomes (loss or error).

6. **Evaluation:** Assessing the performance of the trained model using separate validation
or test data to measure its accuracy, generalization ability, and robustness to unseen data.
Various metrics, such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and area under the ROC
curve, can be used for evaluation.

7. **Hyperparameter Tuning:** Fine-tuning the model's hyperparameters (settings that


control the learning process) to optimize its performance. Techniques like grid search,
random search, and Bayesian optimization are commonly used for hyperparameter tuning.

8. **Deployment:** Deploying the trained model into production environments where it can
make predictions or decisions on new, unseen data. Deployment may involve integrating the
model into software applications, web services, or other systems.

Machine learning is widely used in various domains, including image and speech
recognition, natural language processing, recommendation systems, predictive analytics,
autonomous vehicles, healthcare, finance, and many others. It has the potential to automate
tasks, extract valuable insights from data, improve decision-making processes, and drive
innovation in numerous industries.

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