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ENGG201 - Lab Assign #1

This document outlines an engineering lab assignment on refrigeration systems. It provides background on refrigerants and their use in refrigerators. Students are asked to analyze PVT data for potential refrigerants R22, R134a and water to select a suitable refrigerant for a refrigerator design. They must plot the refrigeration cycle on PV diagrams and recommend design conditions including refrigerant selection and operating pressures.

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Mebruka Mursal
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9 views6 pages

ENGG201 - Lab Assign #1

This document outlines an engineering lab assignment on refrigeration systems. It provides background on refrigerants and their use in refrigerators. Students are asked to analyze PVT data for potential refrigerants R22, R134a and water to select a suitable refrigerant for a refrigerator design. They must plot the refrigeration cycle on PV diagrams and recommend design conditions including refrigerant selection and operating pressures.

Uploaded by

Mebruka Mursal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENGG 201 LAB ASSIGNMENT #1

SECTION ONE: PRE- LAB DATA GATHERING FROM SIMULATOR

1. Pre-lab work: before attending the lab, generate a PV diagram for fluoroform of your choice
from the simulator.
Plot Absolute Pressure vs. Specific Volume from the simulated data created in excel (or
Python). Please include it here.
Note: To get full marks, ensure that your plot includes at least 4 isotherms, an approximation of
bubble point and dew point lines, and that both axes are correctly labelled with units (2 marks)

Grade: /2

SECTION TWO: THE DESIGN PROBLEM

A variety of chemicals are used in refrigerators to absorb heat from food, keeping it cool. These fluids
are known as “refrigerants”.

They are typically chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) or hydrofluorocarbons


(HFCs). Cool liquid refrigerant is passed through tubes within the fridge. While inside the fridge, heat is
passed from the contents of the fridge to the refrigerant, causing it to vaporize. Then, the refrigerant
undergoes compression, which increases its temperature above the ambient temperature, and exits the
fridge. Upon exiting, a fan blows ambient air across the tubes, thereby cooling the vapour refrigerant
back into a liquid. Finally, the liquid refrigerant is expanded, which causes a rapid reduction in
temperature.

ENGG 201 Winter 2022 1


You are asked to design a refrigeration system for a kitchen refrigerator. You will need to select the
proper refrigerant and the operating pressure of the lines in the refrigerator, and the lines in contact
with the room outside the refrigerator.

The tables below give PVT data for three potential fluids:

R22

Temp (°C) Pressure (kPa) Spec. Volume of Spec. Volume of


Saturated Liquid Saturated Vapour
(m3/kg) (m3/kg)
0 498 0.00078 0.047
10 681 0.00080 0.035
20 910 0.00083 0.026
60 2,428 0.00097 0.0089
96.1 4,990 0.0019 0.0019

R134a
Temp (°C) Pressure (bar) Spec. Volume of Spec. Volume of
Saturated Liquid Saturated Vapour
(m3/kg) (m3/kg)
0 2.9282 0.0007721 0.0689
4 3.3765 0.0007801 0.0600
20 5.7160 0.0008157 0.0358
60 16.813 0.0009488 0.0114
100 39.742 0.0015443 0.0027
101.06 40.593 0.0019535 0.0019535

Water

Temp (°C) Pressure (kPa) Spec. Volume of Spec. Volume of


Saturated Liquid Saturated Vapour
(m3/kg) (m3/kg)
0.01 0.61 0.0010002 206
10 1.2 0.0010004 106
20 2.3 0.0010018 57.8
60 19.9 0.0010172 7.7
100 101 0.0010435 1.7
200 1554 0.0011565 0.127
300 8581 0.0014036 0.0217
374.14 22090 0.003155 0.003155

2. Using the data tabulated above, create PV diagrams for R22, R134a, and water in Excel or
Python. Label the bubble point and dew point lines and the critical point. Include these plots
here.

ENGG 201 Winter 2022 2


Grade: /6

ENGG 201 Winter 2022 3


3. A sample of R134a is held at equilibrium in a piston cylinder assembly at 20°C. An experimental
engineer measures its specific volume at this point to be 0.02m3/kg. What is the pressure and
what phase(s) is/are present? (2 marks)

4. Describe the method you would use to answer question 4 if you were given a PV diagram only.
Describe the method you would use to answer question 4 if you were given the PVT table above
only. (2 marks)

Grade: /4

5. Describe, in your own words, how a set of PVT data can be measured in a lab. (1 mark)

Grade: /1

6. You have several PV diagrams now – from the fluoroform (simulator), R22, R134a, and water
data given above. Select one relevant PV diagram and draw the refrigeration cycle, which
replicates the process the fluid undergoes inside the refrigerator (at approximately 4°C) and
outside the refrigerator (at approximately 20°C). Remember to:
a. Draw the 20°C and 4°C isotherms to your plot so that you can properly map the process.
b. Indicate the four stages of the process as either vaporizer, condenser, compressor or
expander stages.
c. Identify the stage where the heat is gained or lost by the refrigerant, and where work is
exerted on the refrigerant.
d. The stage where the refrigerant is cooling the fridge’s contents. (3 marks)

ENGG 201 Winter 2022 4


Grade: /3

7. Explain, in your own words how the refrigerant absorbs heat at a low temperature and releases
heat at a higher temperature. (1 mark)

Grade: /1

8. Make a recommendation for which refrigerant you will use, with an explanation of your decision
(e.g. Higher operating pressure or lower pressure?). Would you recommend using water? Why
or why not? Which refrigerant (R22 or R134a) is better? (2 marks)

ENGG 201 Winter 2022 5


Grade: /2

9. For your selected refrigerant, what is the operating pressure of the lines in the refrigerator and
the lines in contact with the room outside the refrigerator? (1 mark)

Grade: /1

Total Grade: /20

SECTION THREE: FINAL PROJECT

1. What engineering application is of interest to you for your final project? Discuss with your
teammates (if you will be working with others) and the instructional team.

ENGG 201 Winter 2022 6

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