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    Tenses (Part 2) : The Present Perfect

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    syipasitipatimah20

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    Tenses (Part 2) : The Present Perfect

    Uploaded by

    syipasitipatimah20
    9 views3 pages

    Original Title

    1715568841267 E Learning,+Bahasa+Inggris+1,+2023,+Pertemuan+Kesepuluh,+Materi

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    9 views3 pages

    Tenses (Part 2) : The Present Perfect

    Uploaded by

    syipasitipatimah20

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    CHAPTER 10

    TENSES (PART 2)

     The Present Perfect

    S + HAVE/ HAS + V3 + O.

    The present perfect is used to express an activity that occurred (or did not occur) previously at an
    unspecified time in the past. The precise time of the activity is unimportant. The important thing to
    remember is that time has passed since the activity. If the time of the activity is specifically
    mentioned, the simple past is used.

     He has done his homework.


     We have never seen snow.

    When combined with since or for, the present perfect expresses a situation that began in the past
    and continues to the present.

     I have known her for ten years.


     They have worked here since 2010.

     The Present Perfect Continuous

    S + HAVE/ HAS + BEEN + V1 + ing + O.

    The present perfect continuous expresses the duration of an activity that began in the past and
    continues to the present. When this tense is used with this meaning, words like since, for, all
    morning, and all day are used.

     I have been sitting here since ten o’clock. (I am still sitting here now.)

    When the present perfect continuous is used without a specific time reference, it expresses a general
    activity that is in progress recently.

     I have been sleeping on the floor.


     I have been thinking about quitting my job.
    There is no difference in meaning between the present perfect continuous and the present perfect if
    since or for is used when certain words are used, such as live, work, and teach.

     I have been working here since 2010.


     I have worked here since 2010.

     The Past Perfect

    S + HAD + V3 + O.

    The past perfect is used to express an activity that occurred prior to another activity or time in the
    past.

     Ben had already left home by the time Barbara came.


     Ben had already left home when Barbara came.
     Ben had left home before Barbara came.
     After Ben had left home, Barbara came.
     Until yesterday, I had never seen snow.

     The Past Perfect Continuous

    S + HAD + BEEN + V1 + ing + O.

    The past perfect continuous emphasizes the duration of a previous activity or time in the past.

     She had been cooking dinner for half an hour when the light went out.
     Sally came at six o’clock. Her boyfriend had been waiting for her for two hours.
     I had been eating breakfast for five minutes before she came.

    The past perfect continuous can also be used to express an activity that was taking place not long
    before or just before another activity or time in the past.

     When she came home, her eyes were red because she had been swimming.

     The Future Perfect

    S + WILL + HAVE + V3 + O.

     The future perfect is used to express an event that will occur prior to another event or time
    in the future.
     I will have finished my breakfast by the time she comes.
     The train will have left when they get to the station.
     At the end of this semester, we will have covered the entire grammar book.
     Before our vacation is over, we will have visited five cities in Indonesia.
     They will have been married for ten years by the end of this year.

     The Future Perfect Continuous

    S + WILL + HAVE + BEEN + V1 + ing + O.

    The future perfect continuous emphasizes the duration of an activity that will take place before
    another activity or at a different time in the future.

     I will have been doing the laundry for an hour before my mother gets home.
     She will have been cooking dinner for thirty minutes by the time her mother comes.
     On October 18, 2021, I will have been living in Bekasi for exactly ten years.
     Ann will have been studying her lessons for two hours when her friends come.

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