ECOMMERCE WEBSITE

INTEGRATED WITH RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM

A Project Report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
COMPUTER SCIENCE and ENGINEERING

Submitted by

122010326042 - D Spoorthi Varma

122010326012 - Sai Divya D

122010326051 - Hemanath P

122010326023 - Chenna Kesav K

Under the esteemed guidance of

Dr. B. Soujanya
Assistant Professor
GITAM Institute of Technology

Department of Computer Science and

EngineeringGITAM (Deemed to be)
University Visakhapatnam
March 2024
 GITAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
GITAM (DEEMED TO BE) University
Visakhapatnam

DECLARATION

We, hereby declare that the Project review entitled “ECOMMERCE WEBSITE ” is an
original work done in the Department of Computer Science ” is an original work done in
the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, GITAM Institute of Technology,
GITAM (Deemed to be University) submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the awardof the degree of B.Tech. in Computer Science and Engineering. The work has not
been submitted to any other college or University for the award of any degree or diploma.

Date: MARCH 2024

Registration No(s). Name(s)

122010326042 D. SPOORTHI VARMA
122010326012 D. SAI DIVYA
122010326051 P.HEMANATH
122010326023 K.CHENNA KESAV

ii
 Department of Computer Science and Engineering
GITAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
GITAM (Deemed to be) University
Visakhapatnam

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled “ECOMMERCE WEBSITE

INTEGRATED WITH RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM” is a bonafide record of work
carried out by SPOORTHI D – 122010326042, SAI DIVYA D – 122010326012,
HEMANATH P –
122010326051, CHENNA KESAV K - 122010326023 submitted in partial fulfillment of
requirement for the award of degree of Bachelors of Technology in Computer Science and
Engineering.

Project Guide Head of the Department

Dr. B. Soujanya Dr. Lakshmeeswari Gondi

Assistant Professor. Associate Professor.

Dept. of CSE,

GITAM School of Technology

Visakhapatnam.

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Our appreciation goes out to our project guide, Dr. B. SOUJANYA from the
Department of CSE, forproviding energizing advice and generous assistance. The
guidance, encouragement, and insightful suggestions received throughout the course
of this project are deeply valued. Working under their direction and constant support
is a great honor.

Gratitude is also extended to the project reviewers, Dr. Sapna Jha Assistant
Professor, from the Department of CSE at GITAM (Deemed to be University), for
their insightful advice and support in the successful completion of the project.

The opportunity to convey sincere appreciation is extended to Dr. Lakshmeeswari

Gondi, Head of the Department of Computer Science Engineering, for the invaluable
suggestions and constant encouragement provided, significantly contributing to the
completion of this project.

In conclusion, gratitude is expressed to all individuals who, whether through direct or

indirect means, contributed to the progress of this project.

Registration No(s). Name(s)

122010326042 D SPOORTHI
122010326012 SAI DIVYA D
122010326051 HEMANATH P
122010326023 CHENNA KESAV K

iv
Contents:
1. Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………...2
2. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………….4
3. Literature Survey……………………………………………………………………………………6
4. Problem Solving and Objectives......................................................................................................9
4.1 The Problem................................................................................................................................9
4.2 Proposed Method........................................................................................................................9
5. System Design................................................................................................................................11
5.1 Use case diagram......................................................................................................................11
5.2 Sequence Diagram....................................................................................................................12
5.3 Block Diagram..........................................................................................................................13
6. System Requirements Specification................................................................................................14
6.1 Hardware Requirements............................................................................................................14
6.2 Software Requirements.............................................................................................................14
7. Overview of Technologies..............................................................................................................15
7.1 Django Backend:.......................................................................................................................15
7.2 HTMS, CSS and JavaScript Frontend......................................................................................15
7.3 KNN (K-Nearest Neighbors) Baseline Recommendation Model............................................16
8. Design and Implementation of E-commerce Website with............................................................17
8.1. ChattingApplication Integration...............................................................................................17
8.2 E-commerce Website using Django.........................................................................................17
8.3 Chatting Application Integration:.............................................................................................17
8.4 Recommendation System Integration.......................................................................................17
8.5 Scalability and Security:...........................................................................................................18
8.6 Testing and Deployment...........................................................................................................18
9. .Code:..............................................................................................................................................19
9.1 FLASK......................................................................................................................................19
9.2 HTML:......................................................................................................................................21
9.3 CSS............................................................................................................................................22
9.4 PROJECT STRUCTURE..........................................................................................................24
10. RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM................................................................................................25
10.1. Django code...........................................................................................................................29
10.2. URL’S....................................................................................................................................31
10.3. Testing....................................................................................................................................34
11. Results and Discussion:.................................................................................................................35
12. Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................38
13. References.....................................................................................................................................39

1
 1. ABSTRACT
Web software improvement (WAD) is a swiftly growing area this is transforming the
way organizations and people perform. WAD offers several blessings, together with
accessibility, scalability, affordability, protection, and simplicity of use. Businesses of
all sizes are making an investment in WAD to improve their operations and attain a
much broader target audience. Recommender systems are a powerful tool that may be
used to improve the user revel in and force commercial enterprise increase in web
applications. By supplying customers with personalized guidelines, recommender
structures can help customers to discover new and exciting matters, and make better
choices.
The development of an e-trade website That utilizes gadget mastering algorithms to
analyze person behavior and alternatives, and employs collaborative filtering and
content material- based advice strategies to signify relevant merchandise. By shooting
user interactions, inclusive of product perspectives, purchases, and searches, the
system employs collaborative filtering and content material-based totally advice
techniques to suggest relevant products. This personalization not only enhances
consumer engagement but additionally contributes to elevated income and client
pleasure. A design framework for recommender systems in net packages.
A new recommender system that uses system gaining knowledge of and artificial
intelligence to generate customized tips for users. The proposed recommender system
is more scalable and greener than existing recommender systems, and it could generate
more correct and personalized suggestions for customers. The proposed recommender
gadget works with the aid of first clustering customers into different organizations
primarily based on their past behavior. The system then makes use of system learning
to learn the possibilities of every institution of users. Once the device has discovered
the options of every group of customers,it can then generate personalized guidelines
for each user primarily based on their institution affiliation.
The integration of recommender systems into web applications can cause several
blessings, together with: Increased consumer engagement and pleasure: By providing
users with personalized guidelines, recommender structures can assist users to find out
new and thrilling matters, and make higher decisions. This can result in elevated

2
consumer engagement and delight. Increased income and revenue: Recommender
structures can assist organizations to growth sales and revenue by using
recommending services and products which might be relevant to users' pastimes and
wishes. Improved patron loyalty: Recommender structures can help organizations to
improve customer loyalty by way of imparting customers with acustomized and
seamless purchasing revel in.

3
 2. INTRODUCTION
In the age of virtual commerce, where online buying has become a vital part of our
everyday lives, net mileage enhancement is on the van of delivering flawless and
tailored stoner studies.E-alternate websites have developed ways beyond naked online
storefronts; they'vetransformed into dynamic systems that work advanced technology
to feed to the ever- converting requirements and opportunities of customers. One
comparable generation that has revolutionized the exchange geography is advice
structures, which play a critical function in improving individual engagement, pride,
and conversion charges. This arrival devices the degree for exploring the charming
transnational of internet operation development and its integration with an
ultramodern recommendation gadget inside an-trade surroundings. The significance of
exchange network locations, the placement of advisory structures, and the challenging
situations and opportunities encountered within this dynamic sphere will be examined.
The E- commerce Revolution Thee-change area has witnessed an incredible
metamorphosis over the last manya long time. Initially a simple online trade, it has
evolved into a delicate environment of online stores, commerce, and brands, each
aiming to provide a continuous and comforting shopping experience. Guests expect a
personalized and powerful trip, and teams must push overhead to the event. E-trade
websites have become digital buying shops in which guests can discover a complete-
length array of products and services from the consolation of their homes. From
apparel and electronics to groceries and healthcare products, e-commerce systems
supply a ferocious form of options. Nonetheless, the sheer extent of alternatives can
be inviting for druggies. This is where advice systems come into play.
Recommendation systems, powered via superior contrivance, gaining knowledge of
algorithms and synthetic intelligence, have readdressed the manner in which guests
discover and buy wares online. These systems dissect a person's geste, options, and
essential records to give knitter-made product hints. Whether it is suggesting
reciprocal details, watching for patron desires, or bodying the stoner's experience,
advice systems especially affect buying evaluations. Integrated into-change websites,
advice structures have an immediate impact on consumer engagement and conversion
quotations. By guiding druggies to products that align with their pastimes, those
systems can increase
4
income and client pride. Also, the implicit in acclimatizing and ameliorating
guidelines over time makes them inestimable asset exchange associations. Challenges
and openings While the combination of a recommendation contrivance into an
exchange website offers big openings,it additionally provides specific worrying
conditions. Data sequestration, algorithm delicacy and stoner accounts are some of the
firms that agencies must deal with. Striking for stability between personalization and
sequestration is an ongoing fee in-trade. Nevertheless, the capability expenses are
substantial. E- alternate net spots that effectively practice recommendation structures
no longer best enhance deals but also gather precious perceptivity instoner gets ,
options, and request trends. This fact may be abused to upgrade advertising
techniques, optimize pressure operation, and knitter stoner gests in addition. In this
disquisition of net software enhancement with an intertwined alternate internet site and
advice device, we can uncover the methods, generation, and first-class practices that
empower potsto supply immersive online purchasing tales, fostering client constancy
and success in the competitive trade geography. Whether you're an inventor, enterprise
owner, or in truth a person intrigued by the world of digital commerce, this journey
will light up the openings and ability of mixing net software program enhancement
with superior advice structures.

5
 3. LITERATURE SURVEY

The discipline of gadget getting to know and its software in product advice systems has
seen vast growth in latest years. This literature review goals to provide an in-depth
review of numerous aspects associated with product advice systems the usage of device
learning strategies. Three key studies papers will be discussed to shed mild at the
present day on this field.
The research paper with the aid of Nitin Kamble and Prof. Rubina starts with an
extensive exploration of product advice structures. The authors offer a comprehensive
knowledge of the one-of-a-kind styles of advice structures, inclusive of
collaborative filtering, content- based totally filtering, and hybrid recommendation
structures. They also delve into machine studying algorithms relevant in product
recommendation systems, which include ok-nearest neighbors, help vector machines,
and choice bushes.[1] Collaborative filtering, as defined in the paper, is a popular
method wherein merchandise are recommended based totally at the possibilities and
behavior’s of similar customers.
This method extensively improves user experience by means of suggesting gadgets that
align with their pastimes. The content material-based filtering approach, however,
recommends products primarily based on their attributes and characteristics, making it a
powerful device for boosting personalization.
Hybrid recommendation systems, as highlighted with the aid of Kamble and Rubina,
combine the strengths of collaborative and content-primarily based filtering to provide
extra accurate and various recommendations. This hybrid method addresses a few
barriers of every technique, leading to higher person satisfaction.
The studies paper by P. Rajasekar, B. Mohanraj, and S. N. Padhi delves into
collaborative filtering technology for product recommendations within the e-trade
domain. The authors talk the diverse collaborative filtering algorithms, including user-
based and item- primarily based filtering, along side hybrid processes.[2]
User-primarily based collaborative filtering, as highlighted in their work, recommends
products based at the preferences of similar customers. By utilizing user behavior and
possibilities, this approach proves to be an powerful method for making personalized
suggestions in e-trade platforms. On the alternative hand, item-based totally collaborative

6
filtering shows merchandise with the aid of considering the scores and similarities
among gadgets. This method is useful for supplying things with similar traits.
Challenges in applying collaborative filtering to e-commerce are discussed on this
paper, inclusive of the sparsity of records and cold begin troubles. The sparsity of
records can prevent the effectiveness of collaborative filtering fashions because of the
limited amount of consumer object interplay records. Hard start problems, on the other
hand, get up when new users or products are brought, making it simpler to generate tips
with historical facts.
The research paper by way of Joyti Roy Chatterjee and Sarika Jain commences with a
literature evaluate of recommender structures, which aligns with the topics mentioned
within the preceding articles. The authors offer an intensive evaluation of various
recommender systems, inclusive of collaborative filtering, content material-primarily based
filtering, and hybrid advice structures.[3]
Collaborative filtering, as described in their work, remains a essential method that
leverages consumer-item interactions to indicate products. The authors delve into its
programs, advantages, and demanding situations. Content-primarily based filtering, in
comparison, recommends products based on their attributes and traits, improving the
personalization issue. The paper also highlights the use of system studying algorithms in
recommender systems, specially okay-nearest neighbor’s, guide vector machines, and
selection trees. These algorithms play a important function in making accurate and
applicable suggestions.
The 3 research papers proportion numerous commonplace themes and insights. They all
emphasize the significance of collaborative filtering, content-primarily based filtering,
and hybrid methods in advice systems. These techniques, while coupled with machine
mastering algorithms like okay-nearest neighbor’s, aid vector machines, and decision
trees, provide robust solutions for personalized product recommendations.
Moreover, all of them well known the challenges faced in implementing
recommendation structures, consisting of information sparsity and bloodless begin
problems. These demanding situations necessitate the development of innovative
strategies to deal with them effectively. In precis, those research papers provide a
comprehensive information of product advice structures and recommender systems in
widespread, shedding light on the significance of device getting to know and
collaborative filtering techniques. These insights are useful for researchers and
7
practitioners within the area, imparting a basis for growing superior recommendation
systems and improving the consumer enjoy in various domain names, especially in e-
commerce.
An rising trend in advice structures is the adoption of context-conscious recommendation
strategies. These systems recall additional factors consisting of user area, time, and device
to provide more unique hints. For instance, a cellular application may propose specific
merchandise depending on whether the user is at home or in a shopping mall.
Context conscious pointers enhance the user enjoy and can cause accelerated consumer
engagement.
Deep getting to know strategies have won widespread attention in recent years for his or
her potential to version complex relationships in facts. Integrating deep mastering methods,
which includes neural collaborative filtering and deep neural networks, into
recommendation systems can improve recommendation nice. Researchers are exploring
methods to leverage the strength of neural networks to capture difficult user-object
interactions and produce extra accurate guidelines.
In end, the sector of product advice structures the use of system studying techniques is
dynamic and constantly evolving. The studies papers discussed on this evaluation offer
precious insights into the numerous advice methods, device gaining knowledge of
algorithms, and demanding situations faced inside the area of recommendation systems.
Future studies in this location could discover the combination of rising traits like context-
aware tips, deep gaining knowledge of, and explainable AI similarly to beautify the
performance and usability of advice systems. Additionally, efforts can be directed closer to
addressing bloodless begin troubles and data sparsity problems, doubtlessly through
developing innovative data collection and imputation strategies.
Overall, the evolution of product recommendation structures is ready to hold. With the
combination of modern-day technology and methodologies, the sphere is poised to offer
even extra customized and sensible recommendations to users across diverse domains,
along with e-trade, enjoyment, and more. As such, researchers and practitioners have to
continue to be vigilant in staying updated with the ultra-modern advancements and
collaborate on addressing the challenges on this ever-evolving discipline.

8
 4. PROBLEM SOLVING AND OBJECTIVES

4.1 The Problem:

In the dynamic global of e-trade, groups are always seeking modern approaches to
decorate person experience, boost sales, and increase customer loyalty. One of the
prominent demanding situations they face is making sure that their online systems
successfully have interaction users and provide them with product hints that align with
their alternatives and wishes. Integrating a sturdy advice system into an e-trade
internet site is essential for reaching those goals. However, the trouble lies in growing
and enforcing an green and correct recommendation system that can adapt to users'
changing tastes, cope with sizable product catalogs, address statistics sparsity issues,
and effectively tackle the bloodless begin trouble whilst new users or products be a
part of the platform. This problem announcement highlights the need to create a
recommendation device that not only improves consumer delight but additionally
optimizes income and conversion charges, ultimately contributing to the fulfillment of
e-trade businesses in an increasingly competitive virtual panorama.

4.2 Proposed Method:

The proposed system transcends the conventional boundaries of e-trade websites by
seamlessly integrating social elements immediately into the platform. Users can keep
merchandise and interact with pals, percentage their shopping studies, and engage in
conversations.
 Social purchasing: One of the essential thing functions of my proposed gadget
is social buying. Users can directly proportion their favorite products, latest
purchases, or want lists with buddies on the platform. This creates a dynamic
and interactive shopping environment where customers can find new products,
get hints from buddies, and collaborate on buying plans.
 Chat with buddies: Our proposed gadget also includes a chat machine that lets
users initiate non-public conversations with buddies or interact in institution
chats. This characteristicallows actual-time discussions regarding
merchandise, guidelines, and shopping plans.

9
 Notifications: Users receive notifications for product recommendations, remarks
on their posts, and messages from friends, ensuring they stay related and
engaged with the platform.

10
 5. SYSTEM DESIGN

5.1 Use case diagram:

Figure 1 - Illustration of USE CASE DIAGRAM

11
5.2 Sequence Diagram:

Figure 2- Illustration of sequence diagram

12
5.3 Block Diagram:

Figure 3 - Illustration of BLOCK DIAGRAM

13
 6. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATIONS

6.1 Hardware Requirements :

 Intel(R) Core (TM) i7- 10750H CPU @ 2.60GHz, RAM 16 GB, and GPU
NvidiaGTX 1650 4GB VRAM.
 AMD Ryzen 5 4600H CPU @ 3.00GHz, RAM 8GB, and GPU Radeon 5600M
6GBVRAM.

6.2 Software Requirements :

 Django
 Pillow
 Numpy
 Pandas
 Joblib

14
7. Overview of Technologies

7.1 Django Backend:

Django, a robust excessive-level Python internet framework, will function as the
backbone of our proposed machine. It presents a solid basis for constructing net
programs, supplying a variety of integrated functions and tools. In our context, Django
will cope with vital components, which include statistics control, consumer
authentication, and center functionality.

 Data Management: Django's ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) simplifies

database interactions allowing developers to paint with Python gadgets rather
than SQL queries. This function streamlines the management of facts,
inclusive of user profiles, product data, and personal interactions, making it
less difficult to arrange, query, and adjust the database.

 User Authentication: Security is paramount in any web application, and

Django excels in supplying a comprehensive consumer authentication machine
out of the container. It ensures that user information is included and permits
the implementation of personal roles and permissions.

 Core Functionality: Beyond records management and authentication, Django

offers the power to put into effect the core functionalities of the software. This
includes routing, managing HTTP requests, and structuring the backend
common sense, making sure that the software operates smoothly and
efficaciously.

7.2 HTMS, CSS and JavaScript Frontend:

The front end of our proposed machine will be advanced with the use of an aggregate
of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to create a visually appealing and responsive user
interface. Eachof these technologies performs a completely unique role:

15
  HTML (Hypertext Markup Language): HTML forms the structural basis of
the front end.It is responsible for defining the format and content material of
internet pages, making sure that facts are prepared and supplied in a person-
friendly manner. HTML systems elements such as headings, paragraphs,
forms, and links.
 CSS (Cascading Style Sheets): CSS comes into play for styling and visual
enhancement. It allows designers and developers to govern the presentation of
HTML factors, making them visually appealing. This includes defining fonts,
color’s, layouts, and responsiveness forunique display screen sizes.
 JavaScript: JavaScript adds interactivity to the consumer interface. It permits
features like dynamic content material updates, actual-time validation of user
inputs, and the introducing of person pleasant interfaces. With JavaScript, users
can interact with the utility seamlessly, improving their typical revel in.

7.3 KNN (K-Nearest Neighbors) Baseline Recommendation Model:

The recommendation device in our proposed application will leverage the KNN
Baseline algorithm. This set of rules provides advantages to the machine in the
following ways:
 Personalized Product Recommendations: KNN Baseline is a gadget mastering
rules that excel in studying personal conduct and product information. It
identifies patterns and relationships within this information, permitting it to
make personalized product pointers. Thinking about elements like user options
and product attributes shows items that might be more likely to align with
men's or women's tastes. This personalization complements user engagement,
as customers have more potential to find out and purchase merchandise that
interests them.
 Enhanced User Engagement: The effectiveness of the KNN Baseline algorithm
contributes to more desirable consumer engagement. Users are more likely to
spend more time on the platform once they encounter applicable and
interesting.

16
 8. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF E-COMMERCE
WEBSITE WITH CHATTING APPLICATION INTEGRATION
8.1 E-commerce Website using Django:
- Design a Django ORM database model for products, users, orders, and
transactions.
- Implement user authentication and authorization for secure access to the website.
- Create product listing pages, product detail pages, and a shopping cart system
for aseamless shopping experience.
- Integrate a secure payment gateway for processing transactions.
- Implement a search and filter system for users to find products quickly.
- Ensure a responsive and user-friendly interface for both desktop and mobile users.

8.2 Chatting Application Integration:

- Use Django Channels for real-time communication and WebSocket handling.
- Implement a messaging system where users can chat with friends and share
productlinks.
- Create chat rooms for different product categories or topics to facilitate specific
discussions.
- Enable real-time notifications for new messages using WebSocket technology.
- Secure the chat application by implementing user authentication and
encryption formessage privacy.
- Provide options for users to share product links and details within the chat
interface.

8.3 Recommendation System Integration:

- Utilize collaborative filtering, content-based filtering, or hybrid models to
build arecommendation system.
- Use user behaviour data and purchase history to suggest relevant products to users.
- Integrate the recommendation system with the e-commerce website to provide
personalized product recommendations.
- Implement a recommendation engine that updates user interaction and
preferencesuggestions.
- Provide an intuitive interface for users to view and interact with recommended
products.

17
8.4 Scalability and Security:
- Ensure the application is scalable to handle many users and product listings.
- Implement caching mechanisms to optimize performance and reduce load times.
- Regularly update and monitor the application for security vulnerabilities and
potentialthreats.
- Implement SSL/TLS to encrypt data transmission and protect sensitive user
information.
- Utilize best practices for secure coding and prevent common security risks
such asSQL injection and cross-site scripting.
8.5 Testing and Deployment:
- Conduct unit tests, integration tests, and end-to-end tests to ensure the
functionalityof the website and the chatting application.
- Deploy the application on a secure, reliable web hosting platform with scalable
infrastructure.
- Configure continuous integration and deployment pipelines for automated
testing anddeployment processes.
- Monitor application performance, user interactions, and system logs for
identifyingand resolving potential issues.

18
 9. CODE

9.1 FLASK:

Flask, a widely adopted web framework in Python, distinguishes itself by its lightweight
and minimalist design, contrasting with more elaborate alternatives. This characteristic
endows Flask with a fundamental set of functionalities for web development without
imposing a strict structure or necessitating excessive code overhead. Consequently, Flask
emerges as an accessible platform for beginners to grasp the essentials of web
development, owing to its streamlined nature and straightforward learning curve.

The hallmark of Flask lies in its flexibility, affording developers unparalleled autonomy
over their application's design and feature integration. This liberating quality empowers
developers to tailor their projects precisely to their needs, selecting and incorporating
additional components as desired, without the constraints often imposed by more
opinionated frameworks.

Flask's utility in web development unfolds through its core functionalities:

 Routing: At the heart of Flask lies its routing mechanism, facilitating the mapping
of URLs to specific functions within the application. This allows for seamless
navigation as users interact with the web interface, with each URL invoking the
corresponding function to execute the desired actions.

 Templating: Employing the Jinja2 templating engine, Flask empowers developers

to craft dynamic HTML pages effortlessly. By integrating application data into
templates, developers can create personalized and interactive web experiences,
enhancing user engagement and usability.

 Request and Response Handling: Flask adeptly manages the exchange of data
between clients and servers, efficiently processing incoming HTTP requests and
generating appropriate responses. This pivotal capability underpins the
responsiveness and functionality of Flask-powered web applications, ensuring
smooth user interactions.

19
Django stands as a prominent alternative to Flask in Python web development, boasting a
distinct approach that prioritizes convenience and efficiency. Often hailed as "batteries-
included," Django arrives packed with an array of pre-configured components, aiming to
streamline the development process by addressing common web development challenges
upfront. This approach emphasizes rapid development, security, and scalability as its core
tenets, distinguishing Django as a robust solution for building intricate web applications.

At its core, Django embodies a philosophy of expediency and reliability, offering a

comprehensive suite of features to facilitate rapid application development. From built-in
user authentication and administration panels to a powerful templating engine and seamless
database management, Django equips developers with a versatile toolkit to accelerate
project implementation while maintaining code quality and security standards.

One of Django's defining characteristics is its adherence to the Model-View-Controller

(MVC) architectural pattern, which delineates application logic into distinct layers:

 Models: Serve as the blueprint for defining data structures within the application,
encapsulating entities such as users, products, or articles. Through Django's model
API, developers articulate the data schema, establishing a seamless interface with
the underlying database.

 Views: Act as intermediaries between user requests and data presentation,

orchestrating the retrieval and manipulation of information from models. By
encapsulating business logic within Python functions, views facilitate dynamic
content generation and manipulation, ensuring a tailored user experience.

 Controllers (URLs): Define the navigational structure of the application by

mapping URLs to specific views. This routing mechanism dictates how users
interact with the application, directing requests to the appropriate view functions for
processing and response generation.
In practical terms, Django's workflow in web development unfolds through a structured
series of steps:

20
  Model Definition: Developers articulate the data schema using Django's model
API, laying the foundation for database interaction.
 View Creation: Python functions are crafted to handle user requests, orchestrating
data retrieval and manipulation in alignment with business logic.
 Template Design: Utilizing Django's templating language, HTML templates are
designed with placeholders for dynamic content, facilitating seamless integration of
data into the user interface.
 URL Mapping: URL patterns are defined to map user requests to specific views,
ensuring coherent navigation within the application.

In essence, Django offers a comprehensive ecosystem for building web applications,

catering to projects of varying complexity and scale. While its extensive feature set may
entail a steeper learning curve compared to Flask, Django's emphasis on security,
scalability, and rapid development renders it indispensable for demanding endeavors
requiring robust and reliable solutions.

9.2 HTML:
HTML, short for Hyper Text Markup Language, acts as the cornerstone in crafting web
pages, delineating their structure and content through a series of tags. Unlike programming
languages, HTML functions as a markup language, furnishing web browsers with
instructions on how to present information to users. It serves as the foundational
framework upon which e-commerce websites are constructed, orchestrating the layout and
organization of content for optimal user engagement and navigation.

In the realm of e-commerce website development, HTML assumes a pivotal role by

performing the following functions:
 Defining Structural Elements: HTML employs an array of tags to instantiate
diverse elements within web pages, encompassing headings, paragraphs, images,
lists, and navigational aids. For instance, the `<h1>` tag denotes a primary
heading, while
`<p>` encapsulates a paragraph, furnishing developers with a versatile toolkit to
structure content comprehensively.
21
  Content Organization: Leveraging HTML tags, developers adeptly organize
product details, descriptions, customer feedback, and other pertinent content,
ensuring coherence and readability. By strategically arranging information, e-
commerce websites facilitate seamless user exploration and engagement, fostering
an intuitive browsing experience.
 Form Creation: HTML furnishes developers with elements such as `<form>` and
`<input>`, enabling the creation of interactive components like search bars, login
forms, and shopping carts. These forms serve as conduits for user interaction,
empowering visitors to navigate, explore, and transact within the e-commerce
ecosystem seamlessly.
 Hyperlink Integration: Core to HTML's functionality is the establishment of
hyperlinks via the `<a>` tag, enabling seamless navigation between disparate pages
within the website or external destinations. In the context of e-commerce,
hyperlinks facilitate effortless traversal between product categories, detailed item
descriptions, and supplementary external resources, augmenting user convenience
and accessibility.
While HTML imbues e-commerce websites with structure and content, it eschews
delineating visual aesthetics or interactive behaviors. Herein lies the realm of Cascading
Style Sheets (CSS), which complements HTML by furnishing visual styling and layout
directives, thereby enhancing the website's aesthetic appeal and user experience. In
conjunction with JavaScript, HTML and CSS form the trifecta underpinning the creation of
fully functional, dynamic, and visually captivating e-commerce platforms, catering to the
diverse needs and preferences of modern consumers.

9.3 CSS:

CSS, or Cascading Style Sheets, serves as the cornerstone of web design, complementing
HTML's structural framework by orchestrating the visual presentation of web pages. While
HTML delineates content and structure, CSS takes charge of aesthetics and layout, shaping
the user experience through meticulous styling directives.
In the realm of e-commerce website development, CSS assumes a pivotal role in crafting
compelling and user-centric online shopping experiences. A glimpse into how CSS is
wielded in this domain :

22
  Styling Elements: CSS empowers developers to imbue HTML elements with visual
appeal and coherence. Through a rich array of styling properties, including font
sizes, colors, backgrounds, margins, and borders, CSS breathes life into static
content, rendering it engaging and visually enticing. By ensuring a consistent visual
language across the website, CSS fosters brand consistency and enhances user
engagement.
 Layout and Positioning: CSS provides a versatile toolkit for sculpting the layout
and spatial arrangement of webpage elements. Leveraging CSS's flexible
positioning techniques, developers orchestrate intuitive navigation pathways,
optimize product displays, and delineate distinct sections for seamless user
interaction. Effective layout management enhances usability and facilitates
effortless browsing and shopping experiences for users.
 Responsiveness: With the ubiquity of diverse browsing devices, responsiveness has
emerged as a cornerstone of modern web design, particularly in e-commerce. CSS
rises to the challenge by facilitating adaptive layouts through media queries and
fluid design principles. By dynamically adjusting styles based on screen
dimensions, CSS ensures a seamless transition from desktops to tablets and
smartphones, enhancing accessibility and usability across devices.
 Simplified Maintenance: By decoupling style definitions from content, CSS
streamlines website maintenance and updates. Developers can iteratively refine the
visual aesthetic without disrupting underlying structural elements, ensuring
seamless scalability and adaptability.

In essence, CSS stands as an indispensable ally in the arsenal of e-commerce developers,

empowering them to shape immersive and compelling online shopping experiences that
captivate users and drive business growth. Its prowess in sculpting aesthetics, optimizing
layout, and fostering brand identity consolidation cements its status as a linchpin of modern
web design.

23
9.4 PROJECT STRUCTURE :

 E-commerce: Signifying electronic commerce, this term encapsulates the online

buying and selling of goods or services. E-commerce platforms facilitate user
engagement through functionalities like product browsing, shopping cart
management, and secure online transactions.
 Django: Positioned as a high-level Python web framework, Django adheres to the
Model-View-Controller (MVC) architectural pattern. Renowned for its rapid
development capabilities, robust security features, and scalability, Django emerges
as a preferred choice for crafting sophisticated and expansive web applications.
 Database: Central to e-commerce operations, a database serves as the repository for
critical information such as product details, customer profiles, and transaction
records. In Django, the presence of the `db.sqlite3` file signifies the utilization of
SQLite, a lightweight database engine commonly employed for prototyping or
smaller-scale applications.
 Templates: Django leverages templates to generate dynamic HTML content,
fostering a modular and reusable approach to page generation. Templates serve as
blueprints for constructing user interfaces, featuring placeholders that Django
populates with data sourced from the database or other external repositories.
 Requirements.txt: Functioning as a dependency specification file in Python projects,
`requirements.txt` enumerates the requisite packages and libraries essential for the
proper functioning of the Django application. This file ensures consistency in the
development environment by facilitating seamless installation of dependencies
across different systems.
24
Additionally, terms like `manage.py`, `dataset`, `ecommerce`, `ecommerce shop`, `media`,
and `store` likely denote custom directory or file names tailored to the specific Django
project showcased in the image. Their exact roles and functionalities within the project
context may vary, necessitating further exploration and contextual understanding for
precise elucidation.

25
 10. RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM

 Initialization of an Empty List: The code initializes an empty list named

`product_counts`. This list will serve as a container to store the counts of products
falling within different price ranges.
 Definition of Price Ranges: Subsequently, the script defines a list named
`price_ranges`. This list comprises tuples, each representing distinct price ranges
for products. For example, the tuple `(1000, 10000)` delineates a price range
spanning from $1000 to $10000.
 Extraction of Lower and Upper Bounds: The loop unpacks the current price range
tuple into two variables: `lower_bound` and `upper_bound`, denoting the respective
lower and upper limits of the price range.
 Counting of Products within the Range: Utilizing list comprehension, the code
filters the products dataset based on the specified price range criteria. The `sum()`
function then aggregates the count of products satisfying this condition.
 Appending the Count to the List: Finally, the count of products within the current
price range is appended to the `product_counts` list. This process iterates through
each price range in the `price_ranges` list, collating the product counts for analysis.

26
The Python code provided utilizes Django, a popular web development framework, to
analyze product data within specified price ranges. Here's a concise breakdown:

 Initialization: It initializes an empty list named `product_counts` to store product

counts within each price range.

 Definition of Price Ranges: The code defines `price_ranges`, a list containing tuples
representing different price ranges for products.

 Iteration and Counting: Employing a `for` loop, it iterates through each price range,
extracting lower and upper bounds. Products within each range are filtered based on
their unit price using list comprehension, with the `sum()` function used to tally
product counts.

 Appending Counts: The count of products within each price range is appended to
`product_counts`, facilitating insights into product distribution across different price
segments.

In essence, this code snippet leverages Django's capabilities to efficiently process and
analyze product data, particularly relevant for e-commerce applications.

27
10.2 MACHINE LEARNING :

Absolutely, based on the image you sent, the code appears to be a Python snippet written
28
within the Django framework. The code calculates how many products fall into specific
price ranges, likely for an e-commerce application. Here's a detailed explanation:.

 Understand customer buying habits: By analyzing which price ranges have the
most products, businesses can gain insights into customer preferences and tailor
their product offerings accordingly.
 Identify underperforming product categories: If a particular price range has
significantly fewer products than others, it might indicate that products in that
category are not selling well and require further examination.
 Develop targeted marketing campaigns: Businesses can use this information to
launch targeted marketing campaigns for specific price ranges, potentially attracting
new customers.

Overall, this code snippet demonstrates how to process product data in Python using list
comprehensions and conditional statements within the Django framework, likely for an e-
commerce application.

10.3 DJANGO CODE

def detail(request, slug):

product = get_object_or_404(Product, slug=slug)
related_products =
Product.objects.exclude(id=product.id).filter(is_active=True,
category=product.category)[:4]
form = ReviewForm(request.POST)

if request.method == 'POST':
form = ReviewForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
review = form.save(commit=False)
review.product = product
review.user = request.user
review.save()
# return redirect('detail', slug=slug)
else:
form = ReviewForm()

review= Review.objects.filter(product=product).order_by('-rating')
objects = Review.objects.all()
user_id=request.user.id
dataset = []
model = joblib.load('store/recommendation_model.pkl')
for review in objects:

29
 dataset.append({
'UserID': review.user.id,
'ProductID': review.product.id,
'Rating': review.rating,
})
ratings_data = pd.DataFrame(dataset)
reader = Reader(rating_scale=(0, 1))

The provided code snippet is a view function written in Python using the Django web
framework. Let's break down its functionality:

 Retrieving Product Details: It fetches details of a specific product based on its slug
from the database using `get_object_or_404(Product, slug=slug)`.

 Fetching Related Products: It retrieves related products based on the category of the
current product, excluding the current product itself. Only active products are
considered, and at most four related products are fetched.
30
  Handling Review Form Submission: It initializes a form for submitting reviews. If
the request method is POST, indicating form submission, it validates the form data.
If valid, it saves the review associated with the current product and the logged-in
user.

 Fetching Reviews: It retrieves all reviews for the current product, ordered by rating.

 Building Recommendation System: It prepares data for a recommendation system.

It loads a pre-trained recommendation model and constructs a dataset from existing
reviews.

 Generating Recommendations: It generates recommendations for the logged-in user

based on their past interactions with products. The model predicts the ratings for
products the user hasn't interacted with before.

 Rendering Template: It constructs a context containing the current product, related

products, review form, and recommended products. Finally, it renders the
'detail.html' template with the context.

In summary, this view function serves the purpose of displaying detailed information about
a product, handling reviews submitted by users, and providing personalized product
recommendations based on user interactions.

10.4 URL’S

URL’S :

from store.forms import LoginForm, PasswordChangeForm, PasswordResetForm,

SetPasswordForm
from django.urls import path
from . import views
from django.contrib.auth import views as auth_views

app_name = 'store'

urlpatterns = [
path('', views.home, name="home"),
# URL for Cart and Checkout
31
 path('add-to-cart/', views.add_to_cart, name="add-to-cart"),
path('remove-cart/<int:cart_id>/', views.remove_cart,
name="remove-
cart"),
path('plus-cart/<int:cart_id>/', views.plus_cart, name="plus-cart"),
path('minus-cart/<int:cart_id>/', views.minus_cart, name="minus-
cart"), path('cart/', views.cart, name="cart"),
path('checkout/', views.checkout, name="checkout"),
path('orders/', views.orders, name="orders"),

#URL for Products

path('product/<slug:slug>/', views.detail, name="product-detail"),

path('categories/', views.all_categories, name="all-categories"),

path('<slug:slug>/', views.category_products, name="category-products"),
path('product/<slug:slug>/add_review/', views.add_review, name='add_review'),

path('shop/', views.shop, name="shop"),

# URL for Authentication

path('accounts/register/', views.RegistrationView.as_view(), name="register"),
path('accounts/login/',
auth_views.LoginView.as_view(template_name='account/login.html',
authentication_form=LoginForm), name="login"),
path('accounts/profile/', views.profile, name="profile"),
path('accounts/add-address/', views.AddressView.as_view(), name="add-address"),
path('accounts/remove-address/<int:id>/', views.remove_address, name="remove-
address"),
path('accounts/logout/', auth_views.LogoutView.as_view(next_page='store:login'),
name="logout"),

path('accounts/password-change/',
auth_views.PasswordChangeView.as_view(template_name='account/password_change.html',
form_class=PasswordChangeForm, success_url='/accounts/password-change-done/'),
name="password-change"),
path('accounts/password-change-done/',
auth_views.PasswordChangeDoneView.as_view(template_name='account/password_change_done.ht
ml'), name="password-change-done"),

path('accounts/password-reset/',
auth_views.PasswordResetView.as_view(template_name='account/password_reset.html',
form_class=PasswordResetForm, success_url='/accounts/password-reset/done/'),
name="password-reset"), # Passing Success URL to Override default URL, also created
password_reset_email.html due to error from our app_name in URL
path('accounts/password-reset/done/',
auth_views.PasswordResetDoneView.as_view(template_name='account/password_reset_done.html
'), name="password_reset_done"),
path('accounts/password-reset-confirm/<uidb64>/<token>/',
32
auth_views.PasswordResetConfirmView.as_view(template_name='account/password_reset_confir

33
m.html', form_class=SetPasswordForm, success_url='/accounts/password-reset-complete/'),
name="password_reset_confirm"), # Passing Success URL to Override default URL
path('accounts/password-reset-complete/',
auth_views.PasswordResetCompleteView.as_view(template_name='account/password_reset_compl
ete.html'), name="password_reset_complete"),

path('product/test/', views.test, name="test"),

The provided code snippet outlines the URL patterns for a Django e-commerce application
titled "store". Here's a concise breakdown:

 Imports: The code imports essential modules for forms, views functions from the
current app ("store"), and built-in Django authentication views. These imports
facilitate user authentication, password management, and form handling within the
application.

 Setting App Name: It establishes the `app_name` variable as "store", enabling

convenient referencing of URLs within the application.

 URL Patterns: The `urlpatterns` list defines various URL patterns to handle
different functionalities:

 Home Page and Cart Management: Paths are designated for managing the home
page ("/") and various cart operations such as adding, removing, and modifying
items. These paths ensure smooth cart management and navigation for users.

 Product Browsing: URL patterns capture product details via slugs, display product
categories, and enable navigation through specific category listings. Additionally,
they facilitate adding reviews to products and likely display a product listing page
under the "shop" path.

 User Authentication: Paths cater to user registration, login, profile management,

and address manipulation. Custom views and forms enhance user experience, while
built- in Django views handle password reset functionalities.

 Test View: An optional "test" path directs to a view function named `test`,

34
potentially used for development or debugging purposes.

35
In essence, this code snippet constructs a comprehensive URL structure for a Django e-
commerce platform, encompassing vital functionalities such as product browsing, cart
management, user authentication, and password management. These URLs ensure
seamless navigation and user interaction within the application.

10.5 TESTING

The code in the image is written in Python and it appears to be related to running a Django
development server. Here's a breakdown of the code:

The first two lines are for navigating the directory structure using the cd command. The
user is changing directories to a location called ecommerce within the project
directory.This command is typically used to start a development server in a Django project.
The manage.py file is a utility file that is used to run various Django administrative tasks.
The run server command starts a development server on the specified port (usually 8000 by
default).

In summary, this code is used to start a Django development server which allows you to
test and develop your Django application locally.

36
 11. RESULTS

Integrating both chat functionality and a recommendation system into an e-commerce

website can further enhance the overall user experience and drive positive results. Here are
the potential results of combining these two features:

Personalized Shopping Experience: By analyzing customer preferences, purchase history,

and browsing behavior, the recommendation system can suggest relevant products to users.
When integrated with chat, customers can receive personalized product recommendations
directly through conversations, leading to a more tailored and engaging shopping
experience.

Increased Sales and Conversion Rates: The combination of chat support and product
recommendations can guide customers through their buying journey more effectively. Chat
agents can leverage the recommendation system to suggest products based on customer
inquiries or preferences, increasing the likelihood of conversions and upsells.

Improved Customer Engagement and Retention: Offering personalized recommendations

and interactive chat support can strengthen customer engagement and encourage repeat
purchases. Customers are more likely to return to an e-commerce site that provides helpful
suggestions and responsive customer service.

Enhanced Data Collection and Analysis: The integration of chat and recommendation
systems generates valuable data on customer interactions, preferences, and buying patterns.
Businesses can use this data for targeted marketing campaigns, product improvements, and
optimizing their overall e-commerce strategy.

37
Figure:

38
39
 12. CONCLUSION

In end, the world of Web Application Development is a captivating realm wherein

innovation and generation converge to create virtual stories that contact lives globally.
Embracing the important thing standards, mastering the technology, and tackling
demanding situations head- on will empower us to construct safer, quicker, and extra
interactive web applications. As the virtual horizon expands, the journey of web
software development will become greater exciting, promising countless possibilities
to discover and create.
Moreover, as we appearance to the future, the aggregate of rising traits consisting of
context- conscious recommendations, deep gaining knowledge of, and explainable AI
guarantees to take e-commerce recommendation systems to new heights. Users will
receive tips that are not handiest accurate however additionally adapted to their precise
circumstances, main to a extra immersive and handy shopping experience.
It is vital for e-commerce groups to invest in the non-stop development and
optimization in their advice structures. This entails addressing demanding situations
like cold begin problems and statistics sparsity, in addition to staying vigilant in
retaining user accept as true with and transparency through explainable AI techniques.
In this ever-evolving landscape, e-trade websites that embrace and master the
integration of advice structures are nicely-placed to thrive, creating a win-win scenario
for both organizations and customers. As we flow forward, we will count on even
greater innovation and personalization in the international of online purchasing,
making the e-commerce experience more fun and efficient than ever earlier than.

40
 13. REFERENCES
A. Research papers

[1]. Nitin Kamble and Prof. Rubina Research Paper on "Product Recommendation
System Using Machine Learning" in the year November 12, 2021.

[2]. P. Rajasekar, B. Mohanraj, and S. N. Padhi Research Paper: "Design and

Comparison of Collaborative Filtering Technology for Product Suggestions in E-
Commerce" in the year December 13-15-2022.

[3]. Joyti Roy Chatterjee and Sarika Jain "Recommendation System with Machine
Learning and Artificial Intelligence" published in year July 2020

B. Conference proceedings

[4] . Pongthanin Wangkiat and Chantri Polprasert "Machine Learning Approach to Predict
E- commerce Customer Satisfaction Score “published on
8th International Conference on Business and Industrial Research (ICBIR) 18-19 May
2023

41