‫‪Abstract‬‬

‫ﻓﻲ ھذا اﻟﻔﺻل ﺳوف ﻧﺳﺗﻌرض اﻟﻣواﺿﯾﻊ اﻟﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﺣﺻﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ‪ :‬ﻣﻘدﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺧوارزﻣﯾﺎت وأﺳﺎﺳﯾﺎت اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﺔ‪ .‬ﻧﺑدأ أﯾﺿًﺎ ﺑﺄﺳﺎﺳﯾﺎت ‪ Python‬وﻧﻧﺷﺊ أول ﺧوارزﻣﯾﺔ ﻟدﯾﻧﺎ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺣﺻﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‪ :‬ﻛﯾف ﺗﻘﺎرن ﺑﯾن اﻟﺧوارزﻣﯾﺎت وﺗﻌﻘﯾدھﺎ‪ .‬ﻧﺑدأ ﺑﮭﯾﺎﻛل ﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﺳﯾطﺔ‪(Complexity in big O notation) .‬‬

‫اﻟﺣﺻﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻟﺛﺔ‪ :‬اﻻﺳﺗﻣرار ﻓﻲ ھﯾﺎﻛل اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت وﺗﻧﻔﯾذھﺎ‪(Data structures and their implementation):‬‬

‫اﻟﺣﺻﺔ اﻟراﺑﻌﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﺎھﯾم ﻣﺗﻘدﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ‪ Python‬ﻣﺛل‪List comprehension, unpacking, lambda functions :‬‬

‫اﻟﺣﺻﺔ اﻟﺧﺎﻣﺳﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﺧﺗﻠف اﻟطرق ﻓﻲ ﺣل اﻟﺧوارزﻣﯾﺎت‪(Algorithm solving technique).‬‬

‫اﻟﺣﺻﺔ اﻟﺳﺎدﺳﺔ‪ :‬إﻋداد ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣل اﻟﻣﺷﻛﻼت‪(Technical Interview preparation).‬‬

 ‫ﻣﺪﺧﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ‬

‫‪27/03/2020‬‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺰة ﺑﻮرﺑﻮح‬

‫أﻳﻮب ﻛﺸﻜﺎش‬
 ‫ﻋﻼش ﺗﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ؟‬
‫● ﺣﯾﺎﺗﻧﺎ ﻣﺣﺎطﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﻛﻧوﻟوﺟﯾﺎ‪ :‬ﻛﯾف ﺗﻛون ﺻﺎﻧﻊ ﻟﻠﺗﻛﻧوﻟوﺟﯾﺎ ﻋوض ﻣﺳﺗﮭﻠك ﻟﮭﺎ‬
‫● إذا ﻛﻧت ﻣﮭﺗﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﮭﻧدﺳﺔ ﻓﻔﻲ اﻟﻐﺎﻟب ﺳﺗﺣﺗﺎج ﻟﻠﺑرﻣﺟﺔ‬
‫● ﻟﯾزادت ﻓراس ﺗﻧﻔﻊ ‪(:‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ؟‬
‫إﻋطﺎء ﺧطوات ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻛل ﺗﻌﻠﯾﻣﺎت )‪ (instructions‬ﻟﻠﺣﺎﺳوب ﻟﺣل ﻣﺷﻛل ﻣﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ھﺎد اﻟﺗﻌﻠﯾﻣﺎت ﺧﺎص إﺣﺗﺎرﻣو واﺣد اﻟﺗرﻛﯾﺑﺔ اﻟﻠﻐوﯾﺔ )‪ (syntax‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻠﻐﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﺔ ﻟﻲ ﻋزﻟﺗﻲ‬
 ‫ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬، ‫ﻟﻐﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬

#include <stdio.h> print(‘Salam!’) import "fmt"

int main() { func main() {

printf(“Salam!”); fmt.Println("Salam!")
} }

C Python Go
 ‫اﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺔ دﻳﺎل اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ‬
‫أﺻﻌب ﺷﺊ ﻣﺎﺷﻲ ھو ﺗﻌﻘل ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ syntax‬دﯾﺎل ‪programming‬‬
‫‪ language‬ﻟﻠﻲ ﻛﺗﺧدم‬

‫ﺑل اﻷﺻﻌب ھو ﺗﺣط راﺳك ﺑﻼﺳت اﻟﺣﺎﺳوب دﯾﺎﻟك ﻣﻠﻲ ﺗﻛون ﻛﺗﺣﺎول ﺗﻠﻘﻰ‬
‫ﺣل‬

‫ﻣﺛﻼ ‪...‬‬
 ‫]‪[5, 3, 12, 10, 27, 9, 15‬‬ ‫أﻛﺒﺮ ﻋﺪد‬
‫‪Variable‬‬
‫ﻣﺗﻐﯾر‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻟﻧﻌﺗﺑر أول ﻋدد ھو أﻛﺑر ﻋدد‪ .‬ﻧﺳﻣﻲ ھذا اﻟﻌدد ‪max‬‬

‫‪Loop‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻟﻛل ﻋدد ‪ x‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻣﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪x → max‬‬ ‫‪ .a‬إذا ﻛﺎن ‪ x‬أﻛﺑر ﻣن ‪:max‬‬
‫ﻋﻘدة‬ ‫‪Condition‬‬
‫ﺷرط‬

‫‪ .3‬أﻛﺑر ﻋدد ھو ‪max‬‬

 ‫أﻛﺒﺮ ﻋﺪد‬
l = [5, 3, 12, 10, 27, 9, 15]

1. max_num = l[0]
2. for x in l:
3. if x > max_num:
max_num = x

4. print(max_num)
 (variables) ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات‬
a = 2 2
a 3
a = 3.2 3.2
a = a + 1 b
4.2
b = a
b = 8 8

Memory representation
Code ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‬
 (variables) ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات‬
a = [11, 12, 3] [11, 12, 3]
a 3
a = ‘salam’ ‘salam’
a = a + ‘ qalam’ b
‘salam qalam’
b = a
b = [99] + [3, 6] [99, 3, 6]

Memory representation
Code ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‬
 (variables) ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات‬
a = [11, 12] [11,12,
[11, 12]3]
a
b = a
a.append(3) # mutates b [11, 12, 3, 10]

b = b + [10] # doesn’t

Memory representation
Code ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‬
Input/Output ‫اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬
name = input(“Please enter your name”)

grade = input(“Please enter your age”)

print(f“{name} is {age} years old.”)

Conditions ‫اﻟﺸﺮوط‬
if <condition1>:
# do something
elif <condition2>:
# do other thing
elif <condition3>:
# do other thing
...
else:
# do something
 ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻘﻲ ‪1‬‬
‫اﻛﺗب ﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﯾﺗﻠﻘﻰ إﺳم و ﻧﻘطﺔ ﺗﻠﻣﯾذ ﯾﻌطﻲ اﻟﻧﻘطﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻛل ﺣرف‪.‬‬

‫‪A = 100-90‬‬
‫‪B = 90-80‬‬
‫‪C = 70-80‬‬
‫‪F = 70-0‬‬
 Loops ‫اﻟﻌﻘﺪة‬
for <var> in <sequence>: while <condition>:
# do smthg
# do smthg

----
for <var> in range(start, end, step):
# do smthg
 ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻘﻲ ‪2‬‬
‫اﻛﺗب ﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﯾﺗﻠﻘﻰ ﻋدد اﻟﺗﻼﻣﯾذ و ﻧﻘطﮭم و ﯾﻌطﻲ أﻋﻠﻰ و أدﻧﻰ ﻧﻘطﺔ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻘﻲ ‪3‬‬
‫اﻛﺗب ﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﯾﺗﻠﻘﻰ ﻧﻘط اﻟﺗﻼﻣﯾذ و ﻛﯾﻌطﻲ إﺣﺻﺎﺋﯾﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ھﺎد اﻟﻧﻘط‪.‬‬
 4 ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻘﻲ‬
Guess the output.
 Functions ‫اﻟﺪوال‬
# FUNCTION DEFINITION
# ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ‬
def add(x, y): x=a
# do smthg y=b
result 5
return x + y

x a 1
# FUNCTION CALL
# ‫اﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء داﻟﺔ‬
a = 1 y b 4
b = 4
result = add(a, b)
add

Global
 Functions ‫اﻟﺪوال‬
def incr(x):
x = x + 1

a = 2
incr(a)

print(a) # output: 2 x a 2

incr

Global
 Functions ‫اﻟﺪوال‬
def incr(x):
x = x + 1

x = 2
incr(x)

print(x) # output: 2 x x 2

incr

Global
 Functions ‫اﻟﺪوال‬
def add_four(l):
l.append(4)

lst = [0, 3]
add_four(lst)
lst
print(lst) l [0, 3,
3] 4]

incr

Global
 ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻘﻲ ‪5‬‬
‫اﻛﺗب ﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻛﯾﺗﻌطﺎه ﻧﻘط‪ ،‬أﺳﻣﺎء و رﻗم ھوﯾﺔ ﺗﻼﻣﯾذ و ﻛﯾﻌطﯾك ﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺗﻼﻣﯾذ اﻟﻠﻲ ﺳﻘطو اﻷﻣﺗﺣﺎن‬
 Classes and Objects
class Human: def __init__(self, name, age):
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.age = age
self
self.name = name self self self
age =
4
age = 42 age = 42 name 2
def present(self, f_name): name = ‘Ali’ = ‘Ali’

return f’Salam {f_name}!

Ana {self.name}.’

h1 = Human(‘Ali’, 42)
h1.present(‘Ayoub’)
# output:
# ‘Salam Ayoub! Ana Ali.
 Python ‫ﻣراﺟﻊ ﻟﺗﻌﻠم‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﺮ َا‬
‫داﺑﺎ وﻗﺖ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ و اﻟﺒﻠﺒﻠﺔ‬