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Exp. 1 Single Phase Transformer

This document describes an experiment to determine the parameters of a single phase transformer equivalent circuit model. It involves performing open circuit and short circuit tests to measure voltages, currents, and power inputs. These measurements are then used to calculate the core loss resistance, magnetizing reactance, equivalent resistance, and equivalent reactance that model transformer losses and leakage fluxes.

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Abdelrahman Muadi
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11 views4 pages

Exp. 1 Single Phase Transformer

This document describes an experiment to determine the parameters of a single phase transformer equivalent circuit model. It involves performing open circuit and short circuit tests to measure voltages, currents, and power inputs. These measurements are then used to calculate the core loss resistance, magnetizing reactance, equivalent resistance, and equivalent reactance that model transformer losses and leakage fluxes.

Uploaded by

Abdelrahman Muadi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tafila Technical University

Faculty of Engineering, Electrical Engineering Department


Electrical Machines Lab

Exp. # 1 Single Phase Transformer

Objective
1. To study the transformer under no-load test.
2. To study the transformer under short-circuit test.
3. To determine the transformer equivalent circuit parameters.

Theory:
A transformer is an electromagnetic device that changes ac electrical energy at one
voltage level to other voltage level at the same frequency through the action of a
magnetic field. To study the transformer it is easy to do that using its electrical
equivalent circuit, where all losses and flux leakage that occur in real transformer are
accounted in its equivalent circuit. The main items to be considered in the construction
of such model are:
a) Copper losses, which are resistive heating losses in both primary and secondary
windings of the transformer. They are proportional to the square of the current
in the windings.
b) Eddy current losses, which are the resistive heating losses in the transformer
core. They are proportional to the square of the voltage applied to the
transformer and they depend on the core material and dimensions, for this
reason the core of the transformer is break up of many small strip or lamination.
c) Leakage flux, which escape the core through the air and pass through only one
of the transformer winding. So it is presented by a self inductance in both the
primary and secondary windings.
The equivalent circuit of transformer is composed of four main parts; the core losses
resistance ( Rc ), the magnetizing reactance ( X m ), the equivalent resistance ( Req ) as

I
referred to the high voltage side or to low voltage side a (see Fig. (1)), where these
parameters can be easily determined by two tests:

A. open-circuit test
In the open-circuit test the high voltage side HVS of transformer is open circuited
and the LVS is connected to a full rated voltage. In this test the input current ( I oc

), input voltage ( V oc ) and input power to the transformer ( Poc ) are measured.

Under the described condition, almost all the input current flows through the
excitation branch. The values of Rp and Xp are too small compared to Rc and

Xm to cause a significant voltage drop. Therefore, all the input voltage may be

considered across the excitation branch. From this test it is possible to determine
the excitation branch impedance ( Rc and X m ) as follow:

Voc2
Rc = (1)
poc

Voc
I h+ e = I c = (2)
Rc

Poc
P .F = cos(  ) = (3)
Voc I oc

I m = I oc sin(  ) = I oc2 − I c2 (4)


Voc
Xm = (5)
Im

Fig. (1) Transformer equivalent Circuit


Where:
Reqp = R p + a 2 Rs and X eqp = X p + a 2 X s

Reqp : the equivalent resistance referred to the primary winding.

X eqp : the equivalent reactance refer red to primary winding.

II
B. Short-circuit test

In the short-circuit test, the LVS terminals of the transformer are short circuited, and
the HVS terminals are connected to AC voltage supply, where the input voltage is
adjusted starting from zero until the current in the short-circuited winding is being at
rated value of transformer. The input current ( I sc ), input voltage ( V sc ) and input

power to the transformer ( P sc ) to be measured. In this test the excitation branch can be

neglected due to the feature that almost all the current will pass through Req and X eq
, because it so small compared to Rc and X m , then Req and X eq can be calculated as
follow:
Psc
Req = (6)
I sc2
V sc
Z eq = (7)
I sc

Psc
P .F = cos(  ) =
V sc I sc

(8)
X eq = Z eq sin(  ) = 2
Z eq − Req
2
(9)

Procedure

A. Open-circuit test:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in Fig. (2).
2. Turn on the power supply and increase the supplied voltage from zero
to its rated voltage in step of 10, then record all meters reading in each
step.

III
Fig.(2) Open–circuit test

B. Short-circuit test
1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure (3) with the power supply off.
2. Make sure that the power supply is adjusted to zero volts.
3. Turn on the power supply and gradually increase the primary current from
zero to its rated value.

Fig. (3) Short-circuit test

Report

1. Draw the magnetization curve of the transformer ( V p versus I m ).


2. Calculate the transformer parameters refer to HVS then refer to LVS.
3. comment on your result and write your conclusion.

IV

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