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This document discusses inverse trigonometric functions including their definitions, graphs, domains, and ranges. It provides examples of evaluating inverse trig functions and compositions of trig functions. The key concepts covered are the inverse sine, cosine, and tangent functions and how they are restricted to intervals to ensure each function has an inverse.

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Robert Bernales
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21 views

4 6notes

This document discusses inverse trigonometric functions including their definitions, graphs, domains, and ranges. It provides examples of evaluating inverse trig functions and compositions of trig functions. The key concepts covered are the inverse sine, cosine, and tangent functions and how they are restricted to intervals to ensure each function has an inverse.

Uploaded by

Robert Bernales
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4.

6 Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.


Objectives
 Evaluate and graph the inverse sine function.

 Evaluate and graph the other inverse


trigonometric functions.

 Evaluate the compositions of trigonometric


functions.

2
Inverse Sine Function
We know that, for a function to have an inverse function, it
must be one-to-one—that is, it must pass the Horizontal
Line Test.

From Figure 6.54, you can see that y = sin x does not pass
the test because different values of x yield the same
y-value.

sin x has an inverse function on this interval.


Figure 6.54
3
Inverse Sine Function
However, when you restrict the domain to the interval
– /2  x   /2 (corresponding to the black portion of the
graph in Figure 6.54), the following properties hold.

1. On the interval [– /2,  /2], the function y = sin x is


________________.

2. On the interval [– /2,  /2], y = sin x takes on its full


range of values, ______________.

3. On the interval [– /2,  /2], y = sin x is _____________.

4
Inverse Sine Function
So, on the restricted domain – /2  x   /2, y = sin x has a
unique inverse function called the inverse sine function. It
is denoted by

y = arcsin x or y = sin –1 x.

The notation sin –1 x is consistent with the inverse function


notation f –1(x).

The arcsin x notation (read as “the arcsine of x”) comes


from the association of a central angle with its intercepted
arc length on a unit circle.

So, arcsin x means the angle (or arc) whose sine is x.


5
Inverse Sine Function
Both notations, arcsin x and sin –1 x, are commonly used in
mathematics, so remember that sin –1 x denotes the inverse
sine function rather than 1/sin x.

The values of arcsin x lie in the interval

Figure 6.55
6
Example 1 – Graphing the Arcsine Function
Sketch a graph of y = arcsin x.
Solution:
By definition, the equations y = arcsin x and sin y = x are
equivalent for – /2  y   /2. So, their graphs are the
same.

From the interval [– /2,  /2], you can assign values
to y in the equation sin y = x to make a table of values.

7
Example 1 – Solution cont’d

8
Example 2 – Evaluating the Inverse Sine Function

If possible, find the exact value.

a. b. c.

Solution:
a.

9
Other Inverse Trigonometric
Functions

10
Other Inverse Trigonometric Functions
The cosine function is decreasing and one-to-one on the
interval 0  x  , as shown below.

cos x has an inverse function on this interval.

Consequently, on this interval the cosine function has an


inverse function—the inverse cosine function—denoted
by
y = arccos x or y = cos –1 x.
11
Other Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Similarly, you can define an inverse tangent function by
restricting the domain of y = tan x to the interval
(– /2,  /2).

12
Other Inverse Trigonometric Functions
The graphs of these three inverse trigonometric functions
are shown below.

Domain: Domain: Domain:


Range: Range: Range:

13
Example 3 – Evaluating Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Find the exact value.

a. arccos c. tan –1 (–1)

b. arctan 0

Solution:
a.
.

Angle whose cosine is

14
Example 3 – Solution cont’d

b.

Angle whose tangent is 0

c.

Angle whose tangent is –1

15
Other Inverse Trigonometric Functions
By definition, the values of inverse trigonometric functions
are always in radians.
Example 4: Evaluating Inverse Trig Functions using a calculator

16
Compositions of Functions

17
Compositions of Functions
These inverse properties do not apply for arbitrary values
of x and y. For instance,

In other words, the property

arcsin(sin y) = y

is not valid for values of y outside the interval [– /2,  /2].

18
Example 5 – Using Inverse Properties
If possible, find the exact value.

a. tan[arctan(–5)] b. c. cos(cos –1 )

Solution:
a.

19
Example 6 Evaluating Function Compositions

20

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