Research Article

ISSN: 2574 -1241 DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2023.50.007995

Noise Pollution and Its Impact on the Environment

Masouda Ahmadabadi*
Lecturer Balkh University of Engineering Faculty, Afghanistan
*Corresponding author: Masouda Ahmadabadi, Lecturer Balkh University of Engineering Faculty, Afghanistan

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Received: May 16, 2023 The fact that we live in advanced and industrialized societies, or in progress and industrialization, although
Published: May 30, 2023 these advances have led to the well-being of human beings, but they have also caused a series of problems,
such as water, air and soil pollution. We can also say that the pollution of air, soil and water has a direct or
indirect adverse effect on humans or other creatures, which means that if the air, soil or water is polluted,
Citation: Masouda Ahmadabadi. Noise it will cause various diseases, but if the air, If the water and soil are smooth and in their natural state, the
Pollution and Its Impact on the En- damage that is caused by the effect of so much pollution on the creatures will never be faced. Here we are
discussing a part of air pollution which is noise pollution, noise pollution which was noticed by governments
vironment. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res in the past, but with the development of industry and the creation of efficient means of social life, this
50(4)-2023. BJSTR. MS.ID.007995. issue has attracted a lot of attention from governments. and the governments have tried nationally and
internationally to limit this phenomenon. In this research, we were reminded about pollution, air pollution
and noise pollution, noise pollution, problems and diseases that arise from noise pollution, and the purpose
of this research is to provide better conditions for life and evaluate noise pollution, as well as the national
rules and The international convention that was created by governments or international organizations to
prevent noise pollution, noise pollution that has direct and indirect effects on the environment and human
health should be taken into consideration [1-3]. As a result, noise pollution is considered a serious problem
for humanity and other species of this land, even though governments and international organizations have
worked to regulate this phenomenon to some extent, they have created rules and principles, but until If
these principles and rules are not implemented seriously, creating rules will be a waste of time (Figure 1).
Keywords: Environment; Pollution; Noise Pollution

Figure 1.

Copyright@ : Masouda Ahmadabadi | Biomed J Sci & Tech Res | BJSTR. MS.ID.007995. 41944
Volume 50- Issue 4 DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2023.50.007995

Introduction environmental protection and based on the sound measurement

unit for sources of noise pollution and the space to be emitted and
Sound is the long waves that come from the rapid vibration of
different environments (Figure 2). The unit of sound measurement is
objects and materials, including solid, Liquid and gas are produced.
decibel. The agent of noise pollution, which is also called the agent of
Noise pollution is the broadcasting of any sound, sound and related
pollution for short, is any natural person who manages or manages
vibration, more than the permissible limit in the open (non-covered)
fixed sources and directs mobile sources of noise pollution, either
space [4]. The permissible limit of noise pollution, which is also
for himself or on behalf of another person or natural persons, or
called the standard of noise pollution, is the amount and special
Personally, it causes pollution in different ways.
specifications that are determined according to the principles of

Figure 2.

Research Purposes c) Harms of noise pollution on humans.

a) Noise and environmental pollution. d) Recovery of problems and diseases caused by pollution.
b) Providing better conditions for people’s lives. e) Direct and indirect effects of noise pollution.
f) Assessment of noise pollution.

Figure 3.

Copyright@ : Masouda Ahmadabadi | Biomed J Sci & Tech Res | BJSTR. MS.ID.007995. 41945
Volume 50- Issue 4 DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2023.50.007995

Importance of Research Background

Noise pollution in cities, especially in shopping centers, which With the excessive growth of the population, along with the
reaches its highest level, has become one of the biggest challenges development of industry and technology, noise pollution has
for citizens. Migrations, population growth, the low level of people’s become one of the problems in big cities, and this factor, like other
awareness about the culture of urbanism, the wrong culture of music environmental pollution, has many negative effects on humans,
with disturbing and disturbing sounds in wedding circles, the lack animals, and plants. Today, the life of a machine has caused humans
of management to regulate the urban traffic system, the noise and to endure discomfort in an environment full of stress with sound
crowding of vendors on the roads. General [5]. that all these problems sources [7]. In the environment, there are various factors, both man-
go hand in hand and cause health problems for the citizens, according made and natural, that produce sound balances that range from the
to the citizens, Kabul is one of the noisy cities in the country, where lowest hearing to zero decibels. up to 130 decibels, which leads to
activities such as metalworking, carpentry, the presence of old vehicles hearing loss.
and Noisy, and on the other hand, the lack of use of vehicles, especially
Harand, can be seen clearly (Figure 3). Likewise, the existence of
Noise Pollution and Environment
hundreds of thousands of generators produce heartbreaking sounds, Noise pollution is the abnormal and uncomfortable sounds of
which greatly increases the noise pollution in the city. humans, animals and machines that destroys the nervous activities
of humans and the loud noise level mostly leads to the destruction
Research Questions of the auditory system and nerve cells andcauses nasal disorders
a) What are noise and environmental pollution? especially in children and adults. it creates. One of the problems of
b) What are the challenges of noise pollution? urban management in environmental protection is noise pollution.
c) What are the ways and methods of preventing pollution? Although noise has adverse physical, mental and social effects
d) What are the pollution factors? and there is a consensus regarding its prevention and control, it is
e) What is the difference between voice and voice? inevitably produced and disseminated in the environment and work
environment, so that even in industrialized developed countries it is
Research Methods still. One of the major problems of urban environmental management
is the issue of noise pollution. In addition to the risks listed for dealing
The opinion of this article and the need for scientific information,
with noise, the presence of noise pollution in the environment is the
the research method in this article is a library, and in addition to that,
reason for energy waste by various urban and industrial sources, and
reliable internet sites have been referred to in order to obtain new
from the point of view of energy consumption optimization, this issue
materials in order to enrich this article as much as possible [6].
should be considered (Figure 4). Sources of noise production are
divided into the following sections based on the classification of the
World Health Organization:

Figure 4.

Copyright@ : Masouda Ahmadabadi | Biomed J Sci & Tech Res | BJSTR. MS.ID.007995. 41946
Volume 50- Issue 4 DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2023.50.007995

Industry environment, which has an effect on the proper use of harmful

substances and causes a dangerous situation For the health, safety
The main cause of sound in a wide area of the machine industry,
and well-being of the public or the environment, or lead to the
including: pressure relief valves, valves and...
violation of conditions, limits or restrictions, the permission of which
Road Traffic is subject to the provisions of this law. Now, there is a definition of air
pollution, which is an unpleasant situation that disrupts the daily life
The most important factor is the vehicles that result from the
and destroys the social, biological and ecosystem systems.
engine or friction between the vehicle, the road and the air. Noise
pollution from road traffic depends on the amount of traffic, the speed So it can be said that broadcasting or creating any undesirable
of cars, the percentage of heavy vehicles and motorcycles. and harmful sound, the source of which is human activity, is called
noise pollution. There are two types of noise pollution: 1- Social noise
Rail Traffic
pollution 2- Professional pollution.
Trains produce noise with a bass frequency, the characteristic
There are two types of units for sound size, which are (CPS) which
content of which depends on the type of engine, wagons and rails.
means cycle/second and DB which means decibels. The frequency
Air Traffic of human hearing is from 20 to 20,000 cycles per second, which is
equivalent to 20 to 120 decibels or (DB). The normal conversation
Air operations create many problems regarding noise pollution
of people is 30 to 60 (DB), while the sound intensity of a jet plane
and its communication and social effects.
landing on the ground is 180 dB, the sound intensity is higher than
Sound Barrier 180 dB, as well as the presence of sounds of 50 to 60 dB is enough
to disturb sleep and A person who sleeps at this level of sound will
A shock wave system is generated during the flight of an aircraft
feel tired after waking up. The sound of home appliances, loud music,
at a speed greater than the speed of sound. Construction and general
ground and air traffic, use of machinery and long-term activities. that
works: Building a house or working on the ground creates considerable
noise pollution affects the existence of human beings in recent years,
noise. Various construction equipment of high noise materials are:
noise pollution is not only a nuisance but also a serious health hazard.
mixers, welding machines, cranes, earthmoving equipment, etc.
It specifies that when the sound reaches 70-80 dB, it is called noise
Internal Resources pollution. Problems and diseases caused by noise pollution include
heart problems, communication interruptions, distress, headaches,
Sound transmission from room to room through ventilation ducts,
deafness and hearing loss, increase in accidents, increase in blood
waste disposal units and furnaces.
pressure, nervousness, carelessness, lack of memory, anxiety and
Various Sources disorders in sleep.
Recreational and sports places, devices including lawn mowers, Prevent Noise Pollution
etc., alarm sounds, noise of military environments, especially shooting
ranges, educational centers, laboratories, workshops, and tourism The fact that humans use a lot of industries such as mass
centers, noise pollution in residential areas due to electrical devices. , communication and transportation creates harmful noise for humans,
Electric In big cities (metropolises), the most important factors causing and even if we look at this pollution from a non-human perspective
noise pollution is the urban transportation system. Among these and the need to deal with it, noise pollution has harmful effects on
factors, we can mention the use of vehicles such as cars, motorcycles, animals and plants in addition to humans. With this description, with
and with the increase in the number of cars, this problem increases. the increase of this pollution and the spread of its psychological and
On the other hand, noise pollution in the city has a direct relationship physical destructive effects, those governments sought to standardize
with urban use, in such a way that some uses cannot be located in the it through the implementation of the system and standards.
urban area due to excessive noise pollution, such as: airports, heavy Now we will discuss the rules for preventing noise pollution that
industries, etc. The effect of noise pollution and its amount will be are provided in national and international laws:
greater. Pollution can be defined as follows: Undesirable changes in
the chemical, physical and biological properties of air, water or land 1) Rules to prevent noise pollution in national laws:
that endanger the health, survival and activities of humans or other The intention to control and reduce noise pollution as a public
living beings can be called pollution. nuisance dates back to the ancient Roman era, when citizens were
The environmental law of Afghanistan has defined pollution fed up with the sound of iron wheels and chariots rubbing against
in its fourth article as follows: pollution: direct or indirect change the pavements, this situation made them pass laws to control this
in the physical, thermal, chemical or biological properties of the pollution. to establish. In the Middle Ages, in some European cities,

Copyright@ : Masouda Ahmadabadi | Biomed J Sci & Tech Res | BJSTR. MS.ID.007995. 41947
Volume 50- Issue 4 DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2023.50.007995

traffic was prohibited at night for the peaceful sleep of the inhabitants, f) Tendency to commit suicide and murder
and then in 1934, in order to protect its citizens from noise pollution, g) Weak eyesight
Switzerland prohibited the traffic of heavy vehicles and traffic on a h) Heart diseases
Saturday. They gave. The United States of America passed the Act in
i) Stomach swelling and indigestion
1972 to control noise and to have a noise-free environment for the
j) Pallor in people
well-being of all Americans. Also, in 1977, he calls the government
to determine the appropriate standards of social noise pollution k) High effect on the fetus
levels and noise pollution standards caused by machinery such as How to Prevent Severe Noise Pollution
construction equipment, transportation and electronic equipment.
a) The amount of noise in environments where workers are
Article 8 and 27 of Afghanistan’s environmental law, no person has
constantly exposed to brain activity should not exceed 10 dB.
the right to do an act that causes environmental pollution (No person
has the right to cause a lot of environmental pollution. If according b) Try to prevent the entry of machines that produce more
to the provisions of this law, a certain amount of pollution is allowed than a certain amount of noise pollution.
If it is unavoidable at all, then it is obligatory to reduce it as much as c) The sound of factory machines should not reach outside the
possible. The limits of high pollution are determined in separate bills. factories.
And in the twenty-seventh article of the Afghanistan Environmental d) Try to prevent the creation of residential units in the vicinity
Law, it is stated as follows: (No one has the right to be polluted.) of airports.

Discharges the substance into the environment or pollutes the e) Sound proofing of buildings and residential units.
environment or allows the environment (land, water and air) to be f) Doubling or double layering of window glass in order to
polluted to such an extent that its adverse effects on the environment prevent the penetration of outside noise into the building.
or human health are serious, unless the waste control permit is issued. g) Limiting and prohibiting the passage of heavy tonnage cars
have in his hands according to the provisions of Article 30 of this law and loud vehicles.
and act accordingly.) Also, the thirteenth article of this law prohibits h) Creating camber from trees and vegetation that reduces
the implementation of projects and plans that have adverse effects on sound intensity by 10 decibels.
the environment: (It is not permissible to carry out activities or adapt
projects and plans that have adverse effects on the environment Existing Challenges of Noise Pollution
unless the provision of the article 18th of this law has been observed.) a) The existence of thousands of generators in cities
b) Restaurants
Factors of Noise Pollution
c) Wedding salons
a) Fabrics
d) Noise of motorized vehicles
b) Construction works
e) Sound caused by explosions
c) Noises caused by the ventilation system of houses
f) Flying airplanes at low altitudes
d) Sound caused by transportation (planes, rails, cinemas,
high-pressure horns of cars, etc.) g) Installation of non-standard harnesses in vehicles

e) Loudspeakers of hotels and restaurants h) Mobile ice cream sellers

f) (The noise inside the houses, such as the sound of the TV, How To Prevent Severe Noise Pollution
vacuum cleaner, etc., which are important.) a) The amount of noise in environments where workers are
g) Harms of noise pollution on humans constantly exposed to brain activity should not exceed 10 dB.
Direct Effects of Noise Pollution b) Try to prevent the entry of machines that produce more
than a certain amount of noise pollution.
a) Loss of hearing
c) The sound of factory machines should not reach outside the
Indirect Effects of Noise Pollution factories.
a) Nervous sensitivity d) Try to prevent the creation of residential units in the vicinity
b) Muscle cramps of airports.
c) blood pressure e) Sound proofing of buildings and residential units.
d) Mental and physical fatigue f) Doubling or double layering of window glass in order to
e) Loss of body balance prevent the penetration of outside noise into the building.

Copyright@ : Masouda Ahmadabadi | Biomed J Sci & Tech Res | BJSTR. MS.ID.007995. 41948
Volume 50- Issue 4 DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2023.50.007995

g) Restricting and prohibiting the passage of noisy vehicles. d) Doubling or double layering of window glass in order to
h) Creating a camber of trees and vegetation that reduces prevent outside noise from entering the building
sound intensity by 10 decibels. e) Creating wide strips of trees and vegetation that reduces
sound intensity by 10 decibels
What is the Difference Between Voice and Voice?
Whether we live in advanced and industrialized societies or in
Sound is a type of energy that is created by the stimulation of
developing and industrialized societies, although these advances
particles of matter, in such a way that sound is emitted when the
have not only improved the well-being of human beings, they have
particles collide with each other. In simpler terms, sound is a vibration
also created a series of problems that have reminded us of air and
that is usually transmitted by the producer and received by the
soil pollution. We can also say that air, soil and water pollution has
receiver. Ghalmaghal literally means noise pollution, but in science
a direct or indirect adverse effect on humans or other organisms,
and engineering, it is an unwanted signal that has a destructive effect
which means that if the air, soil or water is polluted, it will cause
on other signals. • You should know that the range of human hearing
diseases, but if the air, water And if the soil is clean and in its natural
is between 20 and 30 thousand hertz.
state, the damage caused to the creatures by the pollution will not
a) In addition to the hertz unit, the decibel unit is also used to be encountered at all. We are discussing here a part of air pollution
measure sound intensity. which is noise pollution, noise pollution which has been significant
for governments in the past, but with the development of industry and
Conclusion and Recommendation the emergence of means of social efficiency, this issue has attracted
Sound pollution means unwanted waves that affect the a lot of attention from governments and Governments have worked
activity of living beings, especially humans, in special spatial and nationally and internationally to limit this phenomenon. In this study,
temporal conditions, and can cause numerous physical and mental we will define pollution, air pollution, and noise pollution, as well as
complications, especially auditory nerve disorders. Although people the unit for measuring noise pollution, examples of noise pollution,
get used to noise, in fact, noise pollution is a tiring factor and reduces and the problems and diseases that result from noise pollution, as
human capacity in intellectual and physical jobs. Noise pollution well as national and international rules for The prevention of noise
affects a person’s mental state and morale and causes a disturbance pollution by governments or international organizations in Bojo has
in the adaptation of a person to the work environment, which results been observed. Of course, this research has been done using books and
in a decrease in work efficiency. If the duration of exposure to noise reputable websites in a library method. As a result of noise pollution,
pollution increases, it can cause hearing loss and also increase the the effects of which are directly and indirectly on the environment
risk of cardiovascular diseases. Among the effective ways to reduce and human health should be considered.
the effects of noise pollution are isolating the source of sound,
reducing exposure to noise, insulating buildings in order to prevent
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