A PBL PROJECT REPORT

ON
“MUSIC REACTIVE RGB LED CIRCUIT”
In the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the
Second Year in Bachelor of Engineering in E&TC
Submitted to

Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune

Submitted By

GROUP MEMBER SEAT NO

1 Ausarkar Prathmesh S. S190743007

2 Harshal Deore S. S190743015
3 Aniket Chaudhari K. S190743014
4 Ahire Vivek C. S190743002
Under The Guidance of
Prof. S.S JAGTAP

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SHATABDI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & RESEARCH
AGASKHIND, TAL-SINNER, DIST-NASIK

Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune

(2023-2024)
 SHATABDI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & RESEARCH
AGASKHIND, TAL-SINNER, DIST-NASIK
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
GROUP MEMBER SEAT NO
1 Ausarkar Prathmesh S. S190743007
2 Harshal Deore S. S190743015
3 Aniket Chaudhari K. S190743014
4 Ahire Vivek C. S190743002

This is to certify that,

Has satisfactorily carried out and completed the PBL Project Work entitled,

“MUSIC REACTIVE RGB LED CIRCUIT”

It is submitted in the partial fulfillment of the prescribed syllabus of

Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune
For the academic year 2023-2024

Prof. S.S Jagtap M. W. Narnaware

Guide Co-ordinator

Prof. S. S. Jagtap Dr S. P. Sonar Dr. P. G. Vispute

HOD Vice Principal & Principal
Dean Academic
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is privilege for us to have been associated with Prof. S.S Jagtap our guide, during
this Project work. We are thankful to her, for her constant inspiration and valuable guidance,
carefully reading and editing our work and always boosting our confidence to complete our
work.
It is privilege for us to have been associated with Prof. M. W. Narnaware, our
PBL Project coordinator, during this Project work. We are thankful to him, for his valuable
guidance.
We express our gratitude to Prof. S. S. Jagtap, Assistant Professor and Head of
E&TC Engineering Department, for her constant encouragement, co-operation, valuable
guidance and support. We express our sincere thanks to all Professors of department for
their unfailing inspiration. Also, we would like to thank all the staff members of the
department for their continuous support.
We would be failing in our duties if we do not make a mention of our family
members including our parents for providing moral support, without which this work would
not have been completed.
We express our gratitude to Dr S. P. Sonar Vice Principal & Dean Academic Dr. P.
G. Vispute, Principal, of Shatabdi Institute of Engineering & Research, Nashik for their
constant encouragement, co-operation, valuable guidance and support.
This kind of work cannot be finished without many others help, even some of them
have not aware of their contribution and importance in producing this seminar. It is a great
pleasure for us to take this opportunity to express our gratefulness to all of them.

NAME OF THE STUDENTS

1. Ausarkar Prathmesh S.
2. Harshal Deore S.
3. Aniket Chaudhari K.
4. Vivek Ahire C.

iii
 Declaration

"We hereby declare that this submission is our own work and that, to the best of our
knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another
person nor material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma
of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement
has been made in the text".

NAME OF THE STUDENTS

1. Ausarkar Prathmesh S.
2. Harshal Deore S.
3. Aniket Chaudhari K.
4. Vivek Ahire C.

iv
1.Introduction

2.Abstract

3.System Modelling/Development

4. Performance Analysis

5. Summary and Conclusion

Future Scope
References

List of Figures

Sr. No. Fig. No. list of Figures Page No.

1. 3.1 Block diagram of xiv
Circuit
2. 3.2 IC 555 Timer xviii
3. 3.3 BC 547 Transistor xix

v
 SR TITEL PAGE NO
1 Introduction
2 Abstract
System Modelling/Development

vi
 ABSTRACT
In electronics, LEDs are fun to work with. We can make
several projects using those LEDs. By definition, an LED
(full light-emitting diode) is a semiconductor device that,
when charged with an electric current, generates infrared
or visible light. Many electrical types of equipment employ
visible LEDs as indicator lamps, vehicles use them as rear
window and brake lights, and billboards and signage use
them as alphanumeric displays or even full-color posters.
But, do you know these LEDs can react to music or, sound?
Interesting? So, let us make the Simple Sound Reactive
LEDs Circuit.

A music-reactive LED circuit is a basic electrical circuit

that responds to altering sound levels, generally from
nearby playing music, and reflects the change level of
intensity of the sound signal as blinking LEDs.

vii
Chapter 1

Introduction

Human-centric LED lighting works with the people occupying the space to create
the most effective environment for them. This can be done in several different
ways. The first is color tuning for LED lighting. An LED light typically provides
a significant improvement in the quality of light because its broad, smooth color
spectrum is more similar to the sun’s color spectrum than other artificial light
sources. The color of light works with the natural circadian rhythms of human
beings (or wake and sleep cycle). Blue light, which is typically more present in
LED lighting (and the sun) than in incandescent lighting, for example, helps
combat fatigue and creates an overall sensation of being awake by suppressing the
production of melatonin, the body’s natural sleep hormone. Red-rich lighting, on
the hand, which has much less blue content, and can also be produced by LEDs,
can help promote a sense of sleepiness by allowing the production of melatonin.
LED color tuning technology which an LED bulb to change color electronically
can be beneficial, for example, for hospital lighting. Bulbs tuned to blue-rich LED
lighting can help keep nursing staff alert during night shifts, while LED lights in a
patient’s room can be tuned to more restful red-rich lighting.
The second and third types of human-centric technology include dimmable and
occupancy sensing capabilities. The LED light would sense the ambient light in
the room and adjust the brightness of the light based upon the available light
coming in from windows or other sources. This technology has wide applicability
from retail stores to industrial warehouses and more. Occupancy sensing helps
decrease the amount of energy spent illuminating rooms that have no one in them.
This could either be done by motion-sensing or heat-sensing. Both of these
technologies are not just helpful for individuals, but it is also beneficial for the
environment. Dimming lights and turning off lights when there is no occupancy,
greatly decreases the amount of energy used, both helping the planet by creating
less greenhouse gas as well as adding dollars to a company’s bottom line.

viii
1.1 Necessity/Needs

Why do we Need Music detector circuit

When it comes to caution and other dangerous activity relating sound and frequency ex.DJ,
High frequency sound ETC, Music detector can be a great source of information for
sometimes detecting high frequency circuits and also for detecting unnecessary sound and
many more application as the LED is the future of Light and Sensors Detection!

Comply with Regulations: The IoT, or the Internet of Things, refers to the ever-
growing network of devices that feature internet connectivity, and communication that
occurs between these devices and other Internet-enabled devices and systems. How does this
fit in with LED lighting? Since lighting is used everywhere, IoT enabled lighting simplifies
the creation of connected systems. Having an IoT enabled LED light in every room of a
building can help create an overall smarter building with virtually unlimited capabilities. In
fact, the human-centric lighting that we mentioned earlier could probably be most
effectively implemented with IoT compatible lighting. However, that would hardly be the
only IoT application. IoT compatible LED lighting could be the core of systems that
optimize air conditioning and heating, power grid management, and even next-generation
wireless communications.

1.2 Objectives
To Detect Music and convert the scaling of music in the format of light using LED and
circuit, it simplifies the most of the products in the market related with music since
Party boxes, speakers are now added with led strips reacting with music played on
them, such products are Tested and Sell on large scale in the industrial zone and home
to home Décor and also for Event organizations and Many more Ideas That includes
the Music Reaction and Fancy light Show in accompany with music.
Mostly they are used On Large scale industries in Hotel Management services for
Room Light Allocation with music and Restraurent Ambience Creation with Music
Reactive and Sensored lights For Creating a Eventfull Ambience for The Customers !

ix
Chapter 2

Literature survey

Artificial lighting is a constant companion in everyday private and working life, influencing
visibility in interior spaces as well as outdoors. In recent years, new technical solutions have
extended traditional lighting systems to become ‘smart’. Different types of smart lighting
systems are available on the market today, and researchers have concentrated on analysing
their usability and efficiency, especially for private households, office buildings and public
streets. This paper presents a systematic literature review to analyse the state-of-knowledge
of technologies and applications for smart lighting systems. The results of the review show
that smart lighting systems have been frequently discussed in the literature, but that their
potentials in industrial environments, such as production and logistics, has rarely been
addressed in the literature so far. Lighting systems for industrial environments often have
very different requirements depending on the working environment and operating
conditions. Based on the results of the literature review, this paper contributes to closing this
research gap by discussing the usage potential of smart lighting systems to improve the
efficiency of warehouse order picking, which is an application that may benefit from various
functions smart lighting systems provide. Several propositions are developed that emphasise
research opportunities and managerial implications in this context,
Music Reactive LED Lights are mostly sales for Luxury and Music purposes and also for
Concerts, Big Festivals and Home Décor and many more.

Chapter 3.
System Modelling and Development

3.1 Block Diagram

3.1.1 Block Diagram of CIRCUIT

x
 Fig.3.1 Block Diagram MUSIC REACTIVE LED CIRCUIT

3.1.2. Block Diagram Description

To control and monitor of different activities focused by Present innovations in

technology. To reach the human needs these are increasingly emerging. Most of this
technology is focused on efficient monitoring and controlling different activities. To
monitor and assess the conditions in case of exceeding the prescribed level of
parameters (e.g., noise, CO and radiation levels) an efficient environmental monitoring
system is needed. In an environment when an object equipped with sensor devices, then
in this case microcontroller and various software applications becomes a self-defending

xi
 Self-monitoring and self-controlling environment and it is also called as smart
environment.

In such environment when LED alerts automatically or some event occurs the alarm.
Smart Environmental Monitoring System monitor and control the ecological changes on
animals, plants and human beings on the basis effects due to environmental changes. By
using embedded intelligence into the environment makes the environment interactive
with other objectives, this is one of the applications that smart environment targets
Human needs demands different types of monitoring systems these are depends on the
type of data gathered by the sensor devices. Event Detection based and Spatial Process
Estimation are the two categories to which applications are classified. Initially the sensor
devices are deployed in environment to detect the parameters (e.g., noise, CO and
radiation levels etc.) while the data acquisition, computation and controlling action (e.g.,
with respect to the specified levels, the variations in the noise and CO levels ). To predict
the behavior of a particular area of interest and to collect the data, the Sensor devices are
placed at different locations. The main goal of this paper is to design and implement an
adequate monitoring system through which the needed parameters are monitored and
controlled remotely by using internet and the data collected from the sensors are stored in
the cloud and on the web browser to project the estimated trend

3.1 Working Principal:

The Gas Detectors work by allowing gases to diffuse through a porous membrane to an
electrode where it is either chemically oxidized or reduced. The amount of current produced
is determined by how much of the gas is oxidized at the electrode, indicating the
concentration of the gas. Manufactures can customize electrochemical gas detectors by
changing the porous barrier to allow for the detection of a certain gas concentration range.
Also, since the diffusion barrier is a physical/mechanical barrier, the detectors tend to be

xii
more stable and reliable over the sensor's duration and thus required less maintenance than
other early detector technologies.

However, the sensors are subject to corrosive elements or chemical contamination and may
last only 1–2 years before a replacement is required. Electrochemical gas detectors are used
in a wide variety of environments such as refineries, gas turbines, chemical plants,
underground gas storage facilities, and more.

A gas detector is a device that detects the presence of gases in an area, often as part of
a safety system. A gas detector can sound an alarm to operators in the area where the leak is
occurring, giving them the opportunity to leave. This type of device is important because
there are many gases that can be harmful to organic life, such as humans or animals.

Gas detectors can be used to detect combustible, flammable and toxic gases,
and oxygen depletion. This type of device is used widely in industry and can be found in
locations, such as on oil rigs, to monitor manufacturing processes and emerging
technologies such as photovoltaic. They may be used in firefighting.

Electrochemical gas detectors work by allowing gases to diffuse through a porous

membrane to an electrode where it is either chemically oxidized or reduced. The amount of
current produced is determined by how much of the gas is oxidized at the electrode,
indicating the concentration of the gas.

3.3. Hardware Implementation

3.1.Components Required
1. IC 555
2. Transistor (BC 547)
3. Resistor (10k, 47k, 100ohm)
4. Capacitor (470 uR(35v))
5. Diode 4007

xiii
 6. PCB Board
7. MQ-5 Sensor
8. Relay 5v
9. 5v Piezo Buzzer

3.2. Components Details

3.2.1 IC 555:
The 555 timer IC (NE555P) is the core of the alarm system. It’s connected as follows: pin 1
to GND, pin 8 to VCC, pin 4 to VCC for resetting, and pins 2, 6, and threshold (THR)
through a capacitor C2 (104 or 0.1 µF). The timing components R3 (1k ohm) and C2
determine the frequency of the output oscillation on pin 3. This output drives a transistor Q1
(BC547) which in turn switches the load consisting of a red LED (LED1) and a buzzer
(BZ1) in series with a resistor R4 (560 ohm) to limit the current. The 555 timer IC is an
integrated circuit used in a variety of timer, delay, pulse generation, and oscillator
applications. It is one of the most popular timing ICs due to its flexibility and price.

Fig 3.2 IC 555 Time

3.2.2 Transistor(BC 547):
BC547 is a NPN transistor hence the collector and emitter will be left open (Reverse biased)
when the base pin is held at ground and will be closed (Forward biased) when a signal is
provided to base pin. BC547 has a gain value of 110 to 800, this value determines the
amplification capacity of the transistor.BC547 is usually used for current amplifier, quick
switching and pulse-width modulation. Therefore, if you need to control the speed of a
motor or actuator in some of your projects, you can simply use this transistor to achieve it.

xiv
 Fig.3.3 BC547 Transistor

BC547 Transistor Features

 Bi-Polar NPN Transistor

 DC Current Gain (hFE) is 800 maximum
 Continuous Collector current (IC) is 100mA
 Emitter Base Voltage (VBE) is 6V
 Base Current(IB) is 5mA maximum
 Available in To-92 Package

3.2.3 MQ-5 Sensor

These sensors are made up of electrode which is coated with a sensing material, and it is
heated to make it more reactive and sensitive. When the gas reacts with these electrodes, its
resistance changes, more the gas, less is the resistance and vice-versa.
Gas Sensor(MQ5) module is useful for gas leakage detection (in home and industry). It is
suitable for detecting H2, LPG, CH4, CO, Alcohol. Due to its high sensitivity and fast
response time, measurements can be taken as soon as possible.

xv
 Fig. 3.4 MQ-5 Gas Sensor

Features of MQ-5 Gas Sensors

 High sensitivity to LPG, natural gas , town gas

 Small sensitivity to alcohol, smoke.
 Fast response
 Stable and long life
 Simple drive circuit

3.2.4 Relay 5v
The relay permits the small amount of electrical current to control high control loads. When
the voltage is supplied to the coil, small amount of current passes through the coil, resulting
in the larger amount of current passing through the contacts to control the electrical load.
This is a HL JQC-3FC(T73) DC 5v 7A sugar cube relay. This HL make relay is designed
with a cion which triggers 5v DC and the switching current can be maximum up to 7A for
250VAC.

Fig. 3.5 Relay module

xvi
 Features of DL JQC-3FC(T73)DC 05v Relay

 PART NO -JQC-3FC(T73)DC05V.
 Coil Voltage : DC 5V;
 Rated Load : 10A 250VAC 10A 125VAC 10A 28VDC;
 Pins : 5.

3.2.5 5v Piezo Buzzer

A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical,
electromechanical, or piezoelectric (piezo for short).Piezo buzzer is an electronic device
commonly used to produce sound. Light weight, simple construction and low price make it
usable in various applications like car/truck reversing indicator, computers, call bells etc.

Fig. 3.5 5v Piezo Buzzer

Features of 5v Piezo Buzzer

 Rated Voltage: 3 ~ 5 V.
 Sound Output at 10cm with 2048Hz Square Wave: ≥85 dB.
 Frequency Range: 50 ~ 14,000 Hz.
 Resonant Frequency: 2048 Hz.
 Operating Temperature: -20 to 60°C.
 Pin Pitch: 6mm.
 External Material: Plastic.
 Color: Black.

xvii
3.4. Circuit Diagram

Fig. 3.6 Circuit Diagram

3.5 Block Diagram Description

The connections for the MQ-5 gas sensor module and the relay are shown . The Vin pin and GND
pin of the node are connected to the power rails of the breadboard, as shown in the above diagram.
The VCC and GND pin of the MQ-5 sensor is like a variable resistor, whose resistance depends on
the gases surrounding it. To sense the gases, the MQ-5 sensor contains a gas sensing material that is
made up of SnO2. An electrode and electrode line of materials Au and Pt is present in the MQ-5
sensor. A heater coil that is made up of Ni-Cr alloy, is used to provide the necessary working
conditions for the sensor to work.
The MQ-5 gas sensor is available in two formats, one in only sensor format and the other in module
form. The difference between them is that the module format sensor contains an extra pin DO along
with an A0 pin, which gives only digital value. To find the ppm or to get the analog value, we will
be using the A0 pin. As I am having the module format of the MQ-5 sensor, I'm using this module in
this project. The MQ-5 sensor module contains four pins Vcc, GND, DO, and A0. Their connections
will be shown in the circuit diagram section.

xviii
Chapter 5
Performance Analysis

Fig. 5.1 Results of MUSIC REATIVE LED When It is ON

xix
Chapter 6
Summary and Conclusion

7.1. Utilization of Project

In view of the daily chores of a household the monitoring of real time parameters is highly beneficial
for the sustenance of an organized and well informed standard of living. The parameters we are
dealing here are different gases, dust, room temperatures and humidity present required for an
ambient living. The respective sensors are being utilized for acquisition of the required data to be
monitored as shown in Figures in next. DHTI1 sensor has been used to monitor the room
temperature and pressure. The sensor is soldered onto a PCB with a 3.3V regulator, 12C level shifter
and pull-up resistors on the I2C pins. It is a 4 pins sensor of which 2 pins uses I2C protocol (SCL
and SDA) which are connected to the respective I2C protocol supported pins on the Xmega 2560. It
is based on the piezo resistive technology. The parameters are then send to the microcontroller MQ-2
sensor is a gas sensor which can detect the presence of combustible gases such as i- butane, LPG,
hydrogen & methane. In this project, it is used mainly for detecting household LPG. The ionized
constituents are detected by the sensing element, which creates a potential difference thus giving
output in the form of current. The concentration of the gas detected is then send to the Xmega 2560.
It has both the analog and the digital output but here we use the analog output which is connected to
the analog pin of the microcontroller. DHTII sensor is used for measuring humidity and temperature
of the surroundings but, here I had used it for measuring only the humidity. The sensor provides
fully calibrated digital outputs for the measurements of the parameters. It sends a data of 40 bits both
for the temperature and humidity which also includes the checksum byte (bit error check). It operates
at a voltage of +5v and gives the digital output connected to any of the digital pin of the
microcontroller. The MQ-135 gas sensor senses the gases like CO2, ammonia nitrogen, oxygen,
alcohols, aromatic compounds, sulphide and smoke. The operating voltage of this gas sensor is from
2.5V to 5.0V. In the atmosphere we can find polluting gases, but the conductivity of gas sensor
increases as the concentration of polluting gas increases. MO-135 gas sensor can be implementation
to detect the smoke, benzene, steam and other harmful gases. It has potential to detect different
harmful gases. The MQ-135 gas sensor is low cost to purchase. ESP8266 module is a Wi-Fi module,
which the backbone of this project. Here it is used for connecting the microcontroller to an access
point (Wi-Fi). This module has inbuilt set of Attention Commands which are required to configure
the module. Firstly, we flash the ESP8266 module using the software then using the Attention
Commands it is set in the Wi-Fi mode and then it is connected to a mobile hotspot or a Wi-Fi, which
finally connects our microcontroller to the Wi- Fi. We create a channel (private) to view the changes
in the parameters. The data Is displayed graphically on the Channel. One can get the access to the
channel by getting the User ID and the data is transmitted to the channel by using the write API key
provided by the channel.

xx
7.2 Advantages

• Sensors are easily available.

• Interface any number of sensors to know detail content of all gases present in air. Detecting a wide
range of gases, including CO, MH4, alcohol, smoke etc.
• Simple, compact & Easy to handle.
• Sensors have long life time & less cost.
• Simple Drive circuit. System is Real time.
• Operating voltage :5 volt,-20°C to+50°C Quality of air can be checked indoor as well as outdoor.
Visual output.
• Continuous update of change in percentage of quality.

7.3.Applications:

• Roadside pollution Monitoring. Industrial Perimeter Monitoring.

• Site selection for reference monitoring stations. Indoor Air Quality Monitoring. • Design server
using I0T and upload data on that server with date and time. To make this data available to the
common man.
• To set a danger limit on that server and inform authorities to take future actions for wellbeing.

7.4. FUTURE SCOPE

• In future the project can be upgraded in more ways than one.

• Interface more number of sensors to know detail content of all gases present in air. Design
Webpage and upload data on webpage with date and time. Interface SD Card to store data.
• Interface GPS module to monitor the pollution at exact location and upload on the webpage for the
netizens.

xxi
CONCLUSION
This Project to implement this need to deploy the sensor devices in the environment for
collecting the Data and analysis. By deploying sensor devices in the environment, we can bring the
environment into real life i.e. it can interact with other objects through the network. Then the
collected data and analysis results will be available to the end user through the Wi-Fi. The smart way
to monitor environment and an efficient, low cost embedded system is presented with different
models in this paper. In the proposed architecture functions of different modules were discussed. The
noise and air pollution monitoring system with Internet of Things (IoT) concept experimentally
tested for monitoring two parameters. It also sent the sensor parameters to the cloud (Google Spread
Sheets).

This data will be helpful for future analysis and it can be easily shared to other end users.
This model can be further expanded to monitor the developing cities and industrial zones for
pollution monitoring. To protect the public health from pollution, this model provides an efficient
and low cost solution for continuous monitoring of environment.

REFERENCE
1. Murty, R.N.; Mainland, G.; Rose, L; Chowdhury, A.R.; Gosain, A.;Bers, J.; Welsh, M.; City
Sense: An Urban Scale Wireless Sensor Network and Testbed, IEEE Conference on Technologies
for Homeland Security 2008.,583 – 588.

2. Barrenetxea, G.; Interest, F.; Schaefer, G.; Vetterli, M., Couach, O.;Parlange, M. ; Sensor Scope:
Out-of-the- Box Environmental Monitoring, International Conference on Information Processing in
Sensor Networks, 2008. IPSN2008. 332 – 343565

3. Xu, K.D., Zhang, Y.H., Spiegel, R.J., Fan, Y., Joines, W.T., Liu, Q.H.: Design of a Stub Loaded
Ring- Resonator Slot for Antenna Applications. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on
(2015), vol.63, no.2, pp.517, 524.

4. Sim, C.-Y.-D., Shih, Y.-K., Chang, M.-H.: Compact slot antenna for wireless local area network
2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz applications. Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, IET (2015), vol.9, no.6,
pp.495, 50.

5. Yeom, I., Kim, J.M., Jung, C.W.: Dual-band slot-coupled patch antenna with broad bandwidth
and high directivity for WLAN access point, Electronics Letters (2014), vol.50, no. 10, pp.726,728.

xxii