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SP3.1 Basic Loader Function

The document discusses loaders and linkers, including basic loader functions of loading, relocation, and linking. It describes absolute loading without linking or relocation, and provides algorithms for an absolute loader and a bootstrap loader.

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tanjuner01
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24 views

SP3.1 Basic Loader Function

The document discusses loaders and linkers, including basic loader functions of loading, relocation, and linking. It describes absolute loading without linking or relocation, and provides algorithms for an absolute loader and a bootstrap loader.

Uploaded by

tanjuner01
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 3 Loaders and Linkers

-- Basic Loader Functions

Tzong-Jye Liu
Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science
Feng Chia University
[email protected]

Three processes to run an object program


n Loading
n Brings object program into memory
n Relocation
n Modifies the object program so that it can be loaded at an address
different from the location originally specified
n Linking
n Combines two or more separate object programs and supplies
information needed to allow cross-references.
n “Loader and linker” may be a single system program
n Loader: loading and relocation
n Linker: linking Linking Loader

System Programming 2
Absolute loader
n No linking and relocation needed
n Records in object program perform
n Header record
n Check the Header record for program name,
starting address, and length (available
memory)
n Text record
n Bring the object program contained in the
Text record to the indicated address
n End record
n Transfer control to the address specified
in the End record

System Programming 3

Loading an absolute program


Figure 3.1, pp. 125
0x002039 0x001033

0x001033 ~ 0x002039 之間空白

System Programming 4
Loading an absolute program
Figure 3.1, pp. 125

No text record

System Programming 5

Algorithm for an absolute loader


Figure 3.2, pp. 126

Most machines store object codes in binary form


• Less space and loading time
• Not good for reading
System Programming 6
Object Code Representation

n Character form (e.g. Figure 3.1 (a))


n Each byte of assembled code is given using its
hexadecimal representation in character form
n Easy to read by human beings
n Binary form
n Each byte of object code is stored as a single byte
n Most machine store object programs in a binary form

System Programming 7

A simple bootstrap loader

n Bootstrap Loader (usually in ROM)


n When a computer is first tuned on or restarted, a special type of
absolute loader, the bootstrap loader loads the first program (usually
O.S.) to be run into memory

n SIC bootstrap loader


n The bootstrap itself begins at address 0
0
n It loads the OS starting address 0x80 Bootstrap
Loader “F1” device
n No header record or control
information, the object code is
consecutive bytes of memory O.S.
80
n After load the OS, the control is O.S.
transferred to the instruction at address
80.

System Programming 8
Algorithm for SIC/XE bootstrap loader
X ¬ 0x80 (the address of the next memory location to be loaded)
Loop until end of input
A ¬ GETC (and convert from ASCII character code to the
hexadecimal digit)
save the value in the high-order 4 bits of S
A ¬ GETC
combine the value to form one byte A ¬ (A+S)
(X) ¬ (A) (store one char.)
X ¬ X + 1
End of loop

GETC A ¬ read one character from device F1


if (A = 0x04) then jump to 0x80 0x04 = ^D : end of file
if A<48 then goto GETC
A ¬ A-48 (0x30)
if A<10 then return ASCII value of
A ¬ A-7 - 0~9 : 0x30~0x39
return - A~F : 0x41~0x46

System Programming 9

Bootstrap loader for SIC/XE


-- Figure 3.3, pp. 128

Base
X

System Programming 10
Bootstrap loader for SIC/XE
-- Figure 3.3, pp. 128

System Programming 11

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