User-centric Computing for Human-Computer Interaction

Week 1: Assignment 1
While we talk about the evaluation phases of the computer, ___________ is called the modern age of
computer.
a. 1985 onwards
b. 1998 onwards
c. 2007 onwards
d. 2011 onwards

Which among the following is NOT a generic category of users?

a. Novice
b. Super knowledgeable
c. Intermittent
d. Expert

Which among the following is NOT there in the Nielsen’s definition of usability?
a. Learnability
b. Efficiency
c. Effectiveness
d. Memorability
e. Errors
f. Satisfaction
g. None of the above

What is the full form of the acronym WIMP?

a. Windows Interfaces Menus Pointers
b. Window Icons Menus Pointers
c. Wizards Interfaces Mouse Pointers
d. None of the above

Feeds of the social networking sites such as the Facebook and Twitter are the example of
a. Synchronous remote interactive system
b. Asynchronous remote interaction

Which one of the following is NOT a computer?

a. Desktop
b. Laptop
c. Smartphone
d. Digital Pedometer
e. None of the above

Interactive software development is _________ in nature.

a. sporadic
b. iterative
c. variable
d. discrete

In a User-Centric Design which of the following is taken care of?

a. Users’ day to day life
b. Users’ needs and expectations
c. System’s bugs
d. System’s revenue

User-centric computing
a. helps in saving the design time and effort
b. does not necessarily save the design time and effort
c. teaches the user how to use the system
d. makes the user addicted to the system

SDLC stands for ____________________

a. Software Deployment Life Cycle
b. Software Data Life Cycle
c. Software Development Life Cycle
d. Semantic Data Life Cycle

Week 2: Assignment 2
In contextual inquiry, the primary objective is to watch and observe users perform tasks in their "________"
work setting.
A) Controlled
B) Simulated
C) Natural
D) Structured

In contextual inquiry, in _____________ mode, the observer is physically present.

A) Passive
B) Active
C) Simulated
D) Controlled

In contextual inquiry, in _____________ mode, user activities are videotaped and reviewed later.
A) Passive
B) Active
C) Simulated
D) Controlled

In which stage of Contextual Inquiry, developers should perform observations and record data.
A) Plan
B) Initiate
C) Execute
D) Close

In which stage of Contextual Inquiry, developers analyse the data collected to identify design goals (L5-26)
A) Plan
B) Initiate
C) Execute
D) Reflect

In which type of prototyping, the entire interface is depicted at the surface level without any functionality?
A) Vertical prototyping
B) Horizontal prototyping
C) Incremental prototyping
D) Spiral prototyping

Which type of prototyping is specifically designed to represent interaction?

A) Horizontal prototyping
B) Vertical prototyping
C) Incremental prototyping
D) Spiral prototyping

According to Shneiderman's Eight Golden Rules, what does "Design dialogues to yield closure" emphasize?
A) Providing informative feedback
B) Offering error prevention
C) Allowing easy reversal of actions
D) Organizing activities into groups

Which approach involves separately prototyping and testing individual units before integration into the
system?
A) Incremental approach
B) Evolutionary approach
C) Throwaway prototype
D) Wizard of Oz approach

What does CI stand for in the context of requirement gathering?

A) Conceptual Inquiry
B) Contextual Inquiry
C) Computer Interaction
D) Conceptual Interaction

Week 3: Assignment 3
What is a distinguishing characteristic of an "Adaptive" type of user-centric software?
A) The interface layout is determined once during development
B) The interface layout may change during the course of interaction
C) The interface layout is fixed and doesn't change
D) The system development involves dynamic changes.

What defines the characteristic of a "Non-adaptive" type of user-centric software?

A) The interface layout is determined once during development
B) The interface layout changes dynamically during interaction
C) The system undergoes continuous development
D) The interface layout is fixed and doesn't change during execution

Some models are explanatory in nature, designed to describe user behaviour in specific usage scenarios.
Such models are often referred to as "descriptive" models.
A) True
B) False

KLM or the (K)eystroke (L)evel (M)odel is a variant of GOMS.

A) True
B) False

What does the term "gulf of execution" refer to in Norman's Model of Interaction?
A) The gap between perception and interpretation of the system state
B) The gap between the first two and the last actions in the evaluation stage
C) The gap between system evaluation and the execution of user actions
D) The gap between user intentions and the actions specified to achieve them

In Guiard's Model of Bimanual Skills, which hand is designated as the "preferred" hand if the person is
Right handed?
A) Left hand
B) Right hand
C) Non-preferred hand
D) Both hands equally

Interaction, what is the first action in the evaluation stage?

A) Evaluate system state with respect to goal
B) Perceive system state
C) Interpret system state
D) Formulate intention

In the F-pattern of on-screen reading behavior proposed by Nielsen, what trajectory do viewers typically
follow?
A) Zigzag pattern
B) Circular pattern
C) F-shaped pattern
D) L-shaped pattern

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of UCC models?

A) Predictive with a formal structure
B) Representing external aspects of the user-centric system
C) Readily convertible to an algorithm
D) Providing post-interaction analysis

What does the GOMS model acronym stand for?

A) Goals, Operators, Methods, Selection
B) Graphical, Operational, Model, System
C) Goals, Output, Methods, Selection
D) Graphical, Operational, Memory, Syntax

Week 4: Assignment 4
Which operator represents the task of moving a mouse pointer to a target in the Keystroke Level Model
(KLM)?
a) K
b) B
c) P
d) H

According to Rule 0 in KLM placement heuristics, where should the M operator be inserted?
a) Before all key press (K) and some pointing actions (P)
b) Before only key press (K)
c) Before only pointing actions (P)
d) Before system response (R)
What is Fitts' Law primarily used to model?
a) Speech recognition
b) Human motor performance in target acquisition tasks
c) Eye movement patterns
d) Cognitive processing speed

In Fitts' Law, what does the Index of Difficulty (ID) measure?

a) Reaction time
b) Task completion time
c) Task difficulty based on target distance and width
d) Throughput

How is throughput calculated in Fitts' Law? Here ID means index of difficulty and MT means Task
completion time.
a) Throughput (TP) = ID × MT
b) Throughput (TP) = ID / MT
c) Throughput (TP) = MT / ID
d) Throughput (TP) = ID + MT

What does KLM stand for in the context of Human-Computer Interaction?

a) Keyboard Layout Model
b) Keystroke Level Model
c) Knowledge Learning Module
d) Key Linearity Method

According to the Hick-Hyman Law, what factor is the choice-reaction time (RT) proportional to?
a) Distance to the target
b) Entropy of the interface system
c) Width of the target
d) Index of Difficulty (ID)

In the Keystroke Level Model (KLM), to which group does the H Operator belong?
a) Physical Motor
b) Mental
c) System Response
d) Human Interaction
How many "rules of thumb" or "heuristics" are used to help decide on the placement of the M (Mental
Operator) in the Keystroke Level Model (KLM)?
a) 3
b) 5
c) 7
d) 9

The Fitts’ Law assumes the task is Rapid, Aimed, Error-free.

a) True
b) False

Week 5: Assignment 5
What does WIMP stand for in the context of human-computer interaction?
a. Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointers
b. Widgets, Input, Mouse, Popups
c. Workflow, Images, Manipulation, Panels

Which model is used to analyze pointing tasks on WIMP interfaces with finite dimensions?
a. Fitts' Law
b. Keystroke Level Model (KLM)
c. Bivariate Pointing Model
d. Trivariate Pointing Model

Which law is proposed for modeling movement time in steering tasks involving constrained navigation, such
as drawing a boundary around objects?
a. Fitts' Law
b. Keystroke Level Model (KLM)
c. Steering Law
d. Trivariate Pointing Law

What is the primary challenge addressed by the FFitts' Law model in the context of touch interaction?
a. Overcoming device-specific limitations
b. Dealing with unlimited target dimensions
c. Mitigating the fat finger problem
d. Optimizing 3D pointing accuracy

In the 2D Pointing Model, what are the two key factors considered for the determination of difficulty?
a) Distance and Time
b) Amplitude and Direction
c) Width and Height
d) Radius and Circumference
True or False: The Steering Law can be used to model movement time in tasks where users are constrained
to move through a tunnel-like pathway with a fixed width.
a) True
b) False

The Fitts’-Digraph model combines Hick-Hyman law and Fitts’ law to provide a performance model for
typing with virtual keyboards.
a) True
b) False

In the given formula

MT = A + B × log2 ((D / 4.133 (σ2 – σa2 )1/2 )+1)

What does MT stand for?

a) Movement Time
b) Mean Time
c) Motor Task
d) Measurement Time

In the derivation of the Steering Law, we assume steering movement comprises of a series of sub-
movements along consecutive segments of the tunnel path.
a) True
b) False

Week 6: Assignment 6
Which of the following is an example of a semi-formal model notation used in software development?
a. Finite State Machine (FSM)
b. UML class diagrams
c. Descriptive tables
d. Natural language expressions

What characterizes formal models in the context of software development?

a. They lack precise syntax
b. They are expressed in natural languages
c. They have mathematically defined semantics
d. They include informal diagrams

Which modeling language is commonly used for creating formal models in software development?
a. UML
b. FSM
c. DFD
d. Natural language

In which category of models do UML class diagrams and DFD fall?

a. Informal models
b. Semi-formal models
c. Formal models
d. Descriptive models

Which modeling technique extends conventional state-transition diagrams and deals with hierarchy,
concurrency, and communication?
a. ER modeling
b. UML modeling
c. Statechart modeling
d. FSM modeling

In statechart notation, what does the 'H' within a circle represent?

a. Hierarchy
b. History mechanism
c. High priority
d. Human-computer interaction
True or False: In an interactive system, the user's interaction leads to a change in the state of the interface.
a. True
b. False

True or False: The dialog between a user-centric system and a human user can be modeled in terms of states
and state transitions.
a. True
b. False

What are the two types of properties that can be verified using formal models?
a. State properties and Interaction properties
b. Visual properties and Aesthetic properties
c. Completeness and Determinism
d. Reachability and Reversibility

True or False: The Metropolis algorithm decides whether to accept a new layout state based on
predetermined thresholds and probabilities.
a. True
b. False

Week 7: Assignment 7
True or False: “Identification of research question(s)” is a stage of empirical research.
a. True
b. False

What is the term used to describe the process of collecting and analyzing data on user behavior through
controlled experiments?
a. Analytical investigation
b. Empirical research
c. Theoretical inquiry
d. Hypothetical analysis

Which error type occurs when we reject a true null hypothesis?

a. Type I error
b. Type II error
c. Alpha error
d. Beta error

What are the two broad categories of statistical testing techniques?

a. Descriptive and inferential
b. Parametric and non-parametric
c. Qualitative and quantitative
d. Experimental and observational

True or False: If we go for more specific research questions (e.g. RQ4), we might get testable questions -
however, we may not get the true answer. RQ4: How does the aesthetic score (in a scale of 1-10) depend on
the number of objects, object types and the layout of the objects an interface has?
a. True
b. False

True or False : Scale of measurement that uses equally spaced values for observations is called ‘Interval’.
a. True
b. False

Fill in the blanks The extent to which the observations made for a research question depends on the test
condition is known as the “________” of the question?
a. External validity
b. Internal consistency
c. Internal validity
d. Reliability

Fill in the blanks The extent to which we can generalize the conclusions drawn from the observations is
called the “_______” of the question.
a. Internal validity
b. External validity
c. Reliability
d. Objectivity
What term describes a study design in which each participant performs tasks corresponding to all test
conditions?
a. Between-subject design
b. Within-subject design
c. Mixed-design
d. Cross-sectional design

When participants in a study are assigned to rate only a subset of the interfaces, what type of study design is
being used?
a. Within-subject design
b. Repeated-measures design
c. Mixed-design
d. Between-subject design

Week 8: Assignment 8
Which of the following is NOT one of the five measures of usability?
a. Learnability
b. Compatibility
c. Efficiency
d. Satisfaction

What does SUS stand for in the context of the SUS questionnaire?
a. Systematic User Satisfaction
b. Software Usability Scale
c. Satisfaction Under Scrutiny
d. System Usability Scale

True/False? It is very difficult, if not impossible, to evaluate all usability concerns using computational user
models such as GOMS and Fitts' law.
a. True
b. False

What is the recommended SUS score for a desirable usability level?

a. 50%
b. 20%
c. 70%
d. 40%

True or False? Evaluation with Self-Reports involves collecting feedback directly from users through
questions.
a. True
b. False

True or False? Heuristic Evaluation is a scenario-based technique that involves performing tasks with a
prototype.
a. True
b. False

True/False? In expert evaluation technique, in a team, each team member evaluates individually and
produces a report.(L29-25)
a. True
b. False

How many statements are typically included in the Post-Task Questionnaire - ASQ (After Scenario
Questionnaire)?
a. 5 statements
b. 7 statements
c. 3 statements
d. 10 statements

True/False? The Post-Session Questionnaire - SUS consists of ten statements, with half of them being
positively worded and the other half being negatively worded.
a. True
b. False

True/False? The statement "I would imagine that most people would learn to use the system very quickly."
in the Post-Session Questionnaire - SUS is an example of a negatively worded sentence.
a. True
b. False