INTRODUCATION TO MACHINE AND

LEARNING DETERNUNISTIC MODELS:

Created by: Akash Panchal

 Motivation for Machine Learning
 Application
 Machine Learning
 Learning associations
 Classification
 Regression
 The origin of machine learning
 Uses and abuses of machine learning
 Success cases
 How do machine learning
 Abstraction and knowledge representation
 Classification of machine learning algorithm
 General ML architecture
 Group of algorithms
 Reinforcement learning
 Supervised learning
 Unsupervised learning
 Semi supervised learning Algorithms
 Ensemble learning
 Matching data to an appropriate algorithm
 Supervised learning , Regression
MOTIVATION FOR MACHINE LEARNING
• Machine learning is the shining star of the moment. With every industry
looking to apply AI in their domain, studying machine learning opens world
of opportunities to develop cutting edge machine learning applications in
various verticals – such as cyber security, image,

• Imitating Human Intelligence: Humans have always been intrigued by the

idea of creating machines that can mimic or replicate human
intelligence. The pursuit of understanding and replicating cognitive functions,
learning processes, and problem-solving abilities is a fundamental motivation
for studying AI and ML.
• Motivation AI is a specialized class of enterprise Generative AI that delivers
personalized customer engagements and significant business impact. It
develops AI-generated language that is not only conversational and on-
brand, but also proven to inspire customers to engage and act.
APPLICATION OF MACHINE LEARNING
MACHINE LEARNING
• What is machine learning? Machine learning is a subfield of artificial
intelligence, which is broadly defined as the capability of a machine to
imitate intelligent human behaviour. Artificial intelligence systems are used to
perform complex tasks in a way that is similar to how humans solve problems.
• Machine learning involves showing a large volume of data to a machine so
that it can learn and make predictions, find patterns, or classify data. The
three machine learning types are supervised, unsupervised, and
reinforcement learning
• Machine learning (ML) is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) that enables
computers to “self-learn” from training data and improve over time, without
being explicitly programmed. Machine learning algorithms are able to
detect patterns in data and learn from them, in order to make their own
predictions.
LEARNING ASSOCIATION

• Association rule learning is a rule-based machine learning method for

discovering interesting relations between variables in large databases. It is
intended to identify strong rules discovered in databases using some
measures of interestingness.
• Association rule learning is a rule-based machine learning method for
discovering interesting relations between variables in large databases. It is
intended to identify strong rules discovered in databases using some
measures of interestingness.
• What is an example of an association rule.
• Association rule mining could be used to identify relationships between items
that are frequently purchased together. For example, the rule "If a customer
buys bread, they are also likely to buy milk" is an association rule that could
be mined from this data set.
CLASSIFICATION OF MACHINE LEARNING
REGRESSION

• Machine Learning Regression is a technique for investigating the relationship

between independent variables or features and a dependent variable or
outcome. It's used as a method for predictive modelling in machine learning,
in which an algorithm is used to predict continuous outcomes.
• Regression is a technique used to model and analyse the relationships
between variables and often times how they contribute and are related to
producing a particular outcome together. A linear regression refers to a
regression model that is completely made up of linear variables.
• Regression analysis can help identify which independent variables
significantly impact the dependent variable. For example, it can determine
which marketing channels or advertising strategies influence sales most,
allowing businesses to allocate resources more effectively.
THE ORIGIN OF MACHINE LEARNING

• History and relationships to other fields. The term machine learning was
coined in 1959 by Arthur Samuel, an IBM employee and pioneer in the field of
computer gaming and artificial intelligence. The synonym self-teaching
computers was also used in this time period.
USES AND ABUSES OF MACHINE LEARNING

• Machine learning use algorithm and historical data to predict its outcome
more accurately. Some popular uses of Machine learning
include Recommendation engines, malware threat detection, fraud
detection, spam filtering, Predictive automation, and business process
automation.
SUCCESS CASES
• optimizing route planning and enabling autonomous vehicles.
HOW DO MACHINE LEARNING

• Machine learning algorithms use computational methods to “learn”

information directly from data without relying on a predetermined equation
as a model. The algorithms adaptively improve their performance as the
number of samples available for learning increases. Deep learning is a
specialized form of machine learning.

• Algorithms. We feed algorithms, which are sets of rules used to help

computers perform problem-solving operations, large volumes of data from
which to learn. Generally, the more data a machine learning algorithm is
provided the more accurate it becomes.
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ABSTRACTION AND KNOWLEDGE
REPRESENTATION
• Abstraction and knowledge representation. Representing raw input data in
a structured format is the quintessential task for a learning algorithm. Prior to
this point, the data is merely ones and zeros on a disk or in memory; they
have no meaning.
• Abstraction has been mainly studied in problem solving, theorem proving,
knowledge representation (in particular for spatial and temporal reasoning)
and machine learning. In such contexts, abstraction is defined as a mapping
between formalisms that reduces the computational complexity of the task
at stake.
• Abstraction is the process of extracting knowledge about stored data. This
involves creating general concepts about the data as a whole. The creation
of knowledge involves application of known models and creation of new
models. The process of fitting a model to a dataset is known as training.
CLASSIFICATION OF MACHINE LEARNING
ALGORITHM
• There are four main categories of Machine Learning algorithms: supervised,
unsupervised, semi-supervised, and reinforcement learning. Even though
classification and regression are both from the category of supervised
learning, they are not the same.
GENERAL ML ARCHITECTURE
• Machine learning (ML) architecture is the structure and organization of the
different components and processes that comprise a machine learning
system. The machine learning architecture specifies how data is handled,
models are trained and assessed, and predictions are created.
GROUP OF ALGORITHMS

• 3 Types of Machine Learning Algorithms The training process continues until

the model achieves the desired level of accuracy on the training data.
Examples of Supervised Learning: Regression, Decision Tree, Random
Forest, KNN, Logistic Regression, etc.
REINFORCEMENT LEARNING

• Reinforcement learning (RL) is a machine learning (ML) technique that trains

software to make decisions to achieve the most optimal results. It mimics the
trial-and-error learning process that humans use to achieve their goals.
• Reinforcement learning is a machine learning training method based on
rewarding desired behaviours and punishing undesired ones. In general, a
reinforcement learning agent -- the entity being trained -- is able to perceive
and interpret its environment, take actions and learn through trial and error.
• Reinforcement learning is a method of machine learning where an agent
learns to make decisions by interacting with an environment. It receives
feedback in the form of rewards or penalties based on its actions, allowing it
to learn the optimal behavior to achieve its goals over time.
SUPERVISED LEARNING

• supervised learning is a category of machine learning that uses labeled

datasets to train algorithms to predict outcomes and recognize patterns.
Unlike unsupervised learning, supervised learning algorithms are given
labelled training to learn the relationship between the input and the outputs.
• Supervised machine learning is a type of machine learning that learns the
relationship between input and output. The inputs are known as features or
'X variables' and output is generally referred to as the target or 'y variable'.
The type of data which contains both the features and the target is known
as labelled data.
• n this case, there is a relationship between two or more variables i.e., a
change in one variable is associated with a change in the other variable. For
example, salary based on work experience or weight based on height, etc.
UNSUPERVISED LEARNING

• Unsupervised learning in artificial intelligence is a type of machine learning

that learns from data without human supervision. Unlike supervised learning,
unsupervised machine learning models are given unlabeled data and
allowed to discover patterns and insights without any explicit guidance or
instruction.
• What is a real time example of unsupervised learning?
• An example of unsupervised machine learning would be a case where a
supermarket wants to increase its revenue. It decides to implement a
machine learning algorithm on its sold products' data. It was observed that
the customers who bought cereals more often tend to buy milk or those who
buy eggs tend to buy bacon.
SEMI SUPERVISED LEARNING ALGORITHMS

• Semi-supervised learning is a way of training ML models when you only have

a small amount of labelled data. By training the model on just the labelled
subset of data and using it in a clever way to label the rest, you can avoid
the difficulty of having a human being label everything.
ENSEMBLE LEARNING

• Ensemble learning is a machine learning technique that enhances accuracy

and resilience in forecasting by merging predictions from multiple models. It
aims to mitigate errors or biases that may exist in individual models by
leveraging the collective intelligence of the ensemble.
MATCHING DATA TO AN APPROPRIATE
ALGORITHM

• For probabilistic matching and machine learning algorithms, two records are
compared on a field-by-field basis to produce a score for each field. The
field comparison scores are then combined to get a record comparison
score.
• What are the matching techniques in machine learning?
• Data Matching Techniques

There are two main approaches: equality-based and pairwise comparison.

Pairwise comparison: records are matched based on a similarity data match
score, which is calculated via a record linkage algorithm. The approaches
include Deterministic, Probabilistic, and Machine Learning.
SUPERVISED LEARNING , REGRESSION

• Regression is a supervised machine learning technique which is used to

predict continuous values. The ultimate goal of the regression algorithm is to
plot a best-fit line or a curve between the data.
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