LABORATORY WORKSHEET

Course: SCI111: Cell and Molecular Biology

Topic: Microscopy
Score:

Name: Amor, Juliana Danielle M.

Year & Section: CED-10-501A
Date Performed: September 29, 2023
Date of Submission: October 19, 2023

Group No: 1
Group leader: Burce, Dexter
Members:
Amor, Juliana Danielle M.
Bialen, Jhoceel Kylene
Caballero, Alyssa Angel
Fojas, Julian Grace
Ligeralde, Geraldine
Villaroman, Adrian

Title: Viewing of letter “e”

I. Objectives:
At the end of the laboratory activity, the learners should be able to:
1. Determine the function of magnification of the microscope
2. Differentiate the magnifications of each objective lenses
3. Understand the importance of using the appropriate lenses for viewing specimens

II. Materials:
Equipment Specimen Chemicals
Newspaper Cut Out Letter “e”
Glass Slide
Cover Slip
 Scissor
Microscope

III. Flowchart of the Experiment:

Document that you

Preparation of Cover the specimen
see under the
Materials with cover slip
microscope

Place the Glass Slide

Draw conclusion
Setting up the with the specimen
and review
Microscope on the microscope
conclusion
for viewing

Adjust the light

Cut-out Letter "e"
source of the
Specimen
microscope

Adjust the focus

Place the specimen
knobs for the better
on the Glass Slide
viewing
 Step 1: Prepare the materials that will be needed
Step 2: Set up the Microscope
Step 3: Prepare the letter “e” cut out from the newspaper
Step 4: Gently put the cut out letter to the Glass slide
Step 5: Gently cover it with the cover slip
Step 6: Carefully place the specimen on the microscope
Step 7: Adjust the light source of the microscope so you can clearly see the specimen
Step 8: Adjust the focus know to have a better view and focus on the specimen
Step 9: Document the specimen under the microscope and draw a conclusion about it.

IV. Procedures

V. Guide Questions/ Results of the Experiment

(You may duplicate this part if necessary)
1. What happened to the size of letter “e”
- With the use of the low power objective lens, the size of the letter ‘e’ increased to a larger
portion. This is due to the magnification of the lenses even if the lenses are set to the lowest
type of magnification that the microscope provides.

2. What happened to the position of letter “e”?

- The position of the letter ‘e’ went upside down even if it was placed in a correct orientation
on the microscope.

3. Which among the objectives provided the highest magnifying field?

- The objective lens that provides the highest magnifying field is the oil immersion that
magnifies for 100x, however the microscope that we used in this laboratory activity has high
power objectives that provides 40x magnification of the specimen.

4. How could the breakage of slides be prevented?

- In order to prevent the breakage of slides, it is crucial to be mindful of setting up the

objective lenses by ensuring that it does not have contact with the slide before rotating the
nosepiece. It is important to be careful in handling the microscope and the slide before
proceeding to the next steps.

5. When can you say that the specimen is already in the right position for focusing?

- To determine if the specimen is in the right position, make sure that the correct type of lenses
are placed by rotating the revolving nosepiece on the scanner then proceeding to low-power
objectives and if the professor instructed you to use the high-power, then you may proceed. A
clicking sound should be heard as the lenses are placed because it is the indication that the lens
have been properly settled. In viewing the specimen, make sure that the illuminator has
enough light to reflect on the diaphragm. If all of these are done, adjust the focus of the chosen
lens by moving the coarse focus and fine focus of the microscope to clearly view the
 specimen.

VI. PICTURES/DOCUMENTATION of the EXPERIMENT

(You may duplicate this part and provide a short caption every picture)
\

Title: Hay Infusion

I. Objectives:
At the end of the laboratory activity, the learners should be able to:
1. Identify the organism that can be developed in a certain environment
2. Describe an organism based on its structure, movement, and reproduction
3. Classify organisms according to the hierarchical levels of classification

II. Materials:
Equipment Specimen Chemicals
500 mL of dirty Water Microcystis aeruginosa
Dried Leaves
Container
Sugar
Kitchen Towel/Clean
Towel
Dropper
 Rubber Band
Glass Slide
Cover Slip
Microscope
Clean Water

III. Flowchart of the Experiment:

Document that you

Preparation of Cover the specimen
see under the
Materials with cover slip
microscope

Place the Glass Slide

Draw conclusion
Setting up the with the specimen
and review
Microscope on the microscope
conclusion
for viewing

Adjust the light

Cut-out Letter "e"
source of the
Specimen
microscope

Adjust the focus

Place the specimen
knobs for the better
on the Glass Slide
viewing
 IV. Procedures
Step 1: Prepare the materials that will be needed
Step 2: Set up the Microscope
Step 3: Prepare the letter “e” cut out from the newspaper
Step 4: Gently put the cut out letter to the Glass slide
Step 5: Gently cover it with the cover slip
Step 6: Carefully place the specimen on the microscope
Step 7: Adjust the light source of the microscope so you can clearly see the specimen
Step 8: Adjust the focus know to have a better view and focus on the specimen
Step 9: Document the specimen under the microscope and draw a conclusion about it.

V. Guide Questions/ Results of the Experiment

(You may duplicate this part if necessary)
1. Draw as many organisms as you can.

2. Identify each organism according to the 7 hierarchical levels of classification.

The identified single organism in the hay infusion experiment belongs to:
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Chlorophyta
Class: Viridiplantae
Order: Chroococcales
Family: Microcystaceae
 Genus: Microcystis
Species: Microcystis aeruginosa

3. Describe its characteristics:

Shape, color, reproduction, movement, others
The Microcystis aeruginosa is a micro circle-shaped bacteria that are together to form an
indefinite shape and has a green and yellow color. It does not have any particular movement
under the microscope and it can be reproduced through binary fission in order to separate the
daughter
cells and it grows into similar size like their parent cells.

VI. PICTURES/DOCUMENTATION of the EXPERIMENT

(You may duplicate this part and provide a short caption every picture)
Title: Human Cheek Epithelium
III. Objectives:
At the end of the laboratory activity, the learners should be able to:
1. Identify the structure of the cells depending on the environment 2. Differentiate
the appearance of the cells from one another
3. Determine the visibility of vacuole and cell wall of the cells

IV. Materials:
Equipment Specimen Chemicals
Toothpick Epithelial cells Methylene Blue
Glass Slide
Cover Slip
Water
Microscope

III. Flowchart of the Experiment:

 Document that you
Preparation of Cover the specimen
see under the
Materials with cover slip
microscope

Place the Glass Slide

Draw conclusion
Setting up the with the specimen
and review
Microscope on the microscope
conclusion
for viewing

Adjust the light

Cut-out Letter "e"
source of the
Specimen
microscope

Adjust the focus

Place the specimen
knobs for the better
on the Glass Slide
viewing
IV. Procedures
Step 1: Prepare the materials that will be needed
Step 2: Set up the Microscope
Step 3: Prepare the letter “e” cut out from the newspaper
Step 4: Gently put the cut out letter to the Glass slide
Step 5: Gently cover it with the cover slip
Step 6: Carefully place the specimen on the microscope
Step 7: Adjust the light source of the microscope so you can clearly see the specimen
Step 8: Adjust the focus know to have a better view and focus on the specimen
Step 9: Document the specimen under the microscope and draw a conclusion about it.

V. Guide Questions/ Results of the Experiment

(You may duplicate this part if necessary)
1. What are the shapes of the cells?
The shapes of the cells were in an asymmetrical shape. It does not have a definite structure but
its visibility is less opaque than the typical specimen that can be seen under the microscope.
They were small and had a small dot inside. It can be easily seen since the cells are at 40%
transparency.

2. Is a vacuole or a cell wall visible?

Unfortunately, the vacuole and cell wall are not visible in the cheek cells. However, there are
small dots inside which can be determined as the mitochondrion as they are scattered inside
the cell.
3. Is any structure within the bacterial cells visible?
The bacterial cells’ structure can be defined as uneven and does not have a definite structure. It
can form as a circle, an oval, or an unidentified shape that is closed.

4. What shapes are visible in the specimens?

The other shapes that are visible in the specimen are ovals and uneven circles. They look like
small islands with various shapes and sizes.

VI. PICTURES/DOCUMENTATION of the EXPERIMENT

(You may duplicate this part and provide a short caption every picture)
Title: Tartar in Teeth
V. Objectives:
At the end of the laboratory activity, the learners should be able to:
1. Identify the structure of the cells depending on the environment 2. Differentiate
the appearance of the cells from one another
3. Determine the visibility of vacuole and cell wall of the cells

VI. Materials:
Equipment Specimen Chemicals
Toothpick Tartar Methylene Blue
Glass Slide
Cover Slip
Water
 Microscope

III. Flowchart of the Experiment:

Document that you

Preparation of Cover the specimen
see under the
Materials with cover slip
microscope

Place the Glass Slide

Draw conclusion
Setting up the with the specimen
and review
Microscope on the microscope
conclusion
for viewing

Adjust the light

Cut-out Letter "e"
source of the
Specimen
microscope

Adjust the focus

Place the specimen
knobs for the better
on the Glass Slide
viewing

IV. Procedures
 Step 1: Prepare the materials that will be needed
Step 2: Set up the Microscope
Step 3: Prepare the letter “e” cut out from the newspaper
Step 4: Gently put the cut out letter to the Glass slide
Step 5: Gently cover it with the cover slip
Step 6: Carefully place the specimen on the microscope
Step 7: Adjust the light source of the microscope so you can clearly see the specimen
Step 8: Adjust the focus know to have a better view and focus on the specimen
Step 9: Document the specimen under the microscope and draw a conclusion about it.

V. Guide Questions/ Results of the Experiment

(You may duplicate this part if necessary)
1. What are the shapes of the cells?
The shapes of the cells are similar to island structures. They do not have a definite shape and
most of them are elongated and extended. There are also scattered lines everywhere under the
microscope.

2. Is a vacuole or a cell wall visible?

There is zero visibility of a cell wall or a vacuole on the dental plaques under the microscope.

3. Is any structure within the bacterial cells visible?

The structure of the bacterial cells has thickness, elongated spiral-like shapes and they also
have closed-shape characteristics.

4. What shapes are visible in the specimens?

Shapes that are visible in the specimen are elongated spiral-like strands, asymmetrical ovals
and circles, and small thick dots.
Lactobacillus
VI. PICTURES/DOCUMENTATION of the EXPERIMENT
(You may duplicate this part and provide a short caption every picture)
Title: Lactobacillus
I. Objectives:
At the end of the laboratory activity, the learners should be able to:
1. Identify the structure of the cells depending on the environment 2. Differentiate
the appearance of the cells from one another
3. Determine the visibility of vacuole and cell wall of the cells

II. Materials:
Equipment Specimen Chemicals
Yakult Lactobacillus
Glass Slide
Cover Slip
Water
Microscope

III. Flowchart of the Experiment:

 Document that you
Preparation of Cover the specimen
see under the
Materials with cover slip
microscope

Place the Glass Slide

Draw conclusion
Setting up the with the specimen
and review
Microscope on the microscope
conclusion
for viewing

Adjust the light

Cut-out Letter "e"
source of the
Specimen
microscope

Adjust the focus

Place the specimen
knobs for the better
on the Glass Slide
viewing
IV. Procedures
Step 1: Prepare the materials that will be needed
Step 2: Set up the Microscope
Step 3: Prepare the letter “e” cut out from the newspaper
Step 4: Gently put the cut out letter to the Glass slide
Step 5: Gently cover it with the cover slip
Step 6: Carefully place the specimen on the microscope
Step 7: Adjust the light source of the microscope so you can clearly see the specimen
Step 8: Adjust the focus know to have a better view and focus on the specimen
Step 9: Document the specimen under the microscope and draw a conclusion about it.

V. Guide Questions/ Results of the Experiment

(You may duplicate this part if necessary)
1. What are the shapes of the cells?
The shape of the cells are circles and small asymmetrical ovals scattered on the slide.

2. Is a vacuole or a cell wall visible?

There is zero visibility of a cell wall or a vacuole on the Yakult experiment. The cells are too
small to see a cell wall or vacuole in it and the lenses have reached its maximum zoom
capacity.

3. Is any structure within the bacterial cells visible?

The lactobacillus cells are circles that look like dots scattered everywhere. It has thickness and
thinness in shape.

4. What shapes are visible in the specimens?

The visible shapes in the specimen are circles of different sizes and a few specimens have an
indefinite shape and are closed-type.

VI. PICTURES/DOCUMENTATION of the EXPERIMENT

(You may duplicate this part and provide a short caption every picture)
Title: Blood
VII. Objectives:
At the end of the laboratory activity, the learners should be able to:
1. Identify the structure of the cells depending on the environment 2. Differentiate
the appearance of the cells from one another
3. Determine the visibility of vacuole and cell wall of the cells

VIII. Materials:
Equipment Specimen Chemicals
Sterile Lancet Red blood cells 0% NaCl Solution
3 Glass Slide 0.9% NaCl Solution
 3 Cover Slip 5% NaCl Solution
Microscope
Alcohol
3 Test tubes

III. Flowchart of the Experiment:

Document that you

Preparation of Cover the specimen
see under the
Materials with cover slip
microscope

Place the Glass Slide

Draw conclusion
Setting up the with the specimen
and review
Microscope on the microscope
conclusion
for viewing

Adjust the light

Cut-out Letter "e"
source of the
Specimen
microscope

Adjust the focus

Place the specimen
knobs for the better
on the Glass Slide
viewing
IV. Procedures
Step 1: Prepare the materials that will be needed
Step 2: Set up the Microscope
Step 3: Prepare the letter “e” cut out from the newspaper
Step 4: Gently put the cut out letter to the Glass slide
Step 5: Gently cover it with the cover slip
Step 6: Carefully place the specimen on the microscope
Step 7: Adjust the light source of the microscope so you can clearly see the specimen
Step 8: Adjust the focus know to have a better view and focus on the specimen
Step 9: Document the specimen under the microscope and draw a conclusion about it

V. Guide Questions/ Results of the Experiment

(You may duplicate this part if necessary)
1. Which condition is most favorable for the cell, and why?
The condition wherein the cell is the most favorable is the isotonic condition. This solution
gives the cells a healthy structure. The hypertonic only makes the
cell burst and shrink in size while the hypotonic makes the cell bloat and fill with water.
Isotonic condition makes the cell happy by allowing it to receive and release nutrients.

2. How does the principle of osmosis apply in food preservation?

The principle of osmosis is being applied in food preservation in various ways. For fruits and
vegetables, osmosis is utilized to dehydrate it and it prevents the intrusion of bacteria on meat.
Osmosis removes the water in products in order to be stored for a period of time as it has the
power to control the movement of water and solutes of the food cells.

3. What are examples of substances that must enter a typical human cell?
Examples of substances that must enter a typical human cell are oxygen, glucose, amino acids,
glycerol’s, vitamins and minerals. These substances are vital to keep the human cell healthy
and functional.
4. Which kind of substances must move out of the typical cell?
The kind of substances that must move out of the typical cell are oxygen, carbon dioxide,
water, and lipids. These substances are required to move out of the body due to the mechanism
our bodies have.

VI. PICTURES/DOCUMENTATION of the EXPERIMENT

(You may duplicate this part and provide a short caption every picture)