Q1) Write a C program to switching ON and OFF individual LED’s

with software delay of 10ms.

Code:
#include<reg52.h> // special function register declarations
// for the intended 8051 derivative

sbit LED = P1^0;

sbit LED = P1^1;
sbit LED = P1^2;
sbit LED = P1^3;
sbit LED = P1^4;
sbit LED = P1^5;
sbit LED = P1^6;
sbit LED = P1^7;
// Defining LED pin

void Delay(void); // Function prototype declaration

void main (void)

{
while(1) // infinite loop
{
LED = 0; // LED ON
Delay();
LED = 1; // LED OFF
Delay();
}
}

void Delay(void)
{
int j;
int i;
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<10000;j++)
{
}
}
}

Output:
Q2) Write a C program to blink individual LED’s and make the
Blinking led to move left to right and right to left continuously.
Code:
#include <REGX51.H>
sbit Led1=P1^0;
sbit Led2=P1^1;
sbit Led3=P1^2;
sbit Led4=P1^3;
sbit Led5=P1^4;
sbit Led6=P1^5;
sbit Led7=P1^6;
sbit Led8=P1^7;
void delay();
void main()
{
P1=0x00;
while(1){
Led1=~Led1;
delay();
Led2=~Led2;
delay();
Led3=~Led3;
delay();
Led4=~Led4;
delay();
Led5=~Led5;
 delay();
Led6=~Led6;
delay();
Led7=~Led7;
delay();
Led8=~Led8;
delay();
Led8=~Led8;
delay();
Led7=~Led7;
delay();
Led6=~Led6;
delay();
Led5=~Led5;
delay();
Led4=~Led4;
delay();
Led3=~Led3;
delay();
Led2=~Led2;
delay();
Led1=~Led1;
delay();

}
}
void delay()
{
unsigned int i;
 for (i=0;i<10000;i++){
}
}

Output:
Q3) Write a C program to display 00 to 99 on common Anode (CA)
type 7-seg displays. (Use the 2 digit)
Code:
#include <REGX51.H>
void delay();
void main(){
unsigned int x[]={0xC0,0xF9,0xA4,0xB0,0x99,0x92,0x82,0xF8,0x80,0x90};
unsigned int i,j;
P0=0xC0;
P2=0xC0;
while(1){
for(i=0;i<10;i++){
P0=x[i];
delay();
for(j=0;j<10;j++){
P2=x[j];
delay();
}
}
}
}
void delay(){
unsigned int i;
for (i=0;i<10000;i++){
}
}
Output:
Q4) Write a C program to count 000 to 999 (Use 3-digit multiplex CA
displays.
Code:

Output:
Q5) Write a C program to display “Embedded Lab” on 16x2 LCD.
Code:
#include <REGX51.H>
#define LCD_DATA P3
sbit EN=P2^2;
sbit RS=P2^0;

void delay();
void lcd(unsigned char m);
void lcd_data(unsigned char m);

void main()
{
lcd(0x38);
lcd(0x0E);
while(1){
lcd(0x80);
lcd_data('E');
delay();
lcd_data('M');
delay();
lcd_data('B');
delay();
lcd_data('E');
delay();
lcd_data('D');
delay();
lcd_data('D');
delay();
 lcd_data('E');
delay();
lcd_data('D');
delay();
lcd_data(' ');
delay();
lcd_data('L');
delay();
lcd_data('A');
delay();
lcd_data('B');
}

}
void lcd_data(unsigned char m)
{
LCD_DATA=m;
RS=1;
EN=1;
delay();
EN=0;
}
void lcd(unsigned char m)
{
LCD_DATA=m;
RS=0;
EN=1;
delay();
EN=0;
}
void delay(){
 unsigned int j;
for (j=0;j<3000;j++){
}
}

Output:
Q6) Write a C program to display digital clock on 16x2 LCD display.
(Hr: mm: ss)
Code:
#include <reg51.h>
int scan_key();
int scan_key1();
void display();
void start();
void tochar(unsigned int value);
void onemintdelay();
sbit rs=P3^5; //Register select (RS)
sbit en=P3^6; //Enable (EN) pin
sbit r0=P1^0;
sbit r1=P1^1;
sbit r2=P1^2;
sbit r3=P1^3;
sbit c0=P1^4;
sbit c1=P1^5;
sbit c2=P1^6;
sbit c3=P1^7;
char clock[]={"CLOCK!"},hour[]="HOUR 01 to 12",mint[]="MINT 01
to 60",set[]={"RESET 1"};
int count=0,H,M,S=0,hour1[1],mint1[1];

void delay(unsigned int time) //Time delay function

{
unsigned int i,j;
for(i=0;i< time;i++)
for(j=0;j< 5;j++);
}

void lcdcmd(unsigned char value) //Function for sending values to

the command register of LCD
{
P2=value; //sending commands on port 2 Means
to the lcd command register
P3=0x40;
delay(50);
en=0;
delay(50);
return;
}

void lcddata(unsigned char value) //Function for sending values to

the data register of LCD
{
P2=value; //sending data on port 2 Means to the
lcd data register
P3=0x60;
delay(50);
en=0;
delay(50);
return;
}
void lcdint(void)
{
P1=0xFF;
P2=0x00;
P3=0x00;
delay(15000);
lcddata(0x30);
delay(4500);
lcddata(0x30);
delay(300);
lcddata(0x30);
delay(650);
lcdcmd(0x38);
delay(50);
lcdcmd(0x0C);
delay(50);
lcdcmd(0x01);
delay(50);
lcdcmd(0x06);
delay(50);
lcdcmd(0x80);
delay(50);
}

void settime()
{
lcdcmd(0x01);
lcdcmd(0x80);
while(hour[count]!='\0'){
lcddata(hour[count]);
count++;
}
count=0;
lcdcmd(0xC8);
while(count!=2){
hour1[count]=scan_key();
count++;
}
H=(hour1[0]*10)+hour1[1];
count=0;
 lcdcmd(0x01);
lcdcmd(0x80);
while(mint[count]!='\0'){
lcddata(mint[count]);
count++;
}
count=0;
lcdcmd(0xC8);
while(count!=2){
mint1[count]=scan_key();
count++;
}
M=(mint1[0]*10)+mint1[1];
count=0;
delay(10000);
lcdcmd(0x01);
lcdcmd(0x80);
}

void onemintdelay()
{
int count1=0,sec,check;
xyz:
S=2;
for(sec=0;sec<59;sec++){
count1=0;
while(count1!=500)
{
TMOD=0x01;
TH0=0xF8;
TL0=0xCC;
TR0=1;
while(!TF0);
TR0 = 0;
TF0 = 0;
count1++;
}
S++;
lcdcmd(0xCB);
tochar(S);

check=scan_key1();
if(check==1)
{
start();
goto xyz;
}
}
display();
}

void main()
{
lcdint();
start();
while(1){
onemintdelay();}
}
void start()
{
settime();
delay(100);
count=0;
lcdcmd(0x01);
lcdcmd(0x80);
while(set[count]!='\0'){
lcddata(set[count]);
count++;
}
count=0;
lcdcmd(0x89);
while(clock[count]!='\0'){
lcddata(clock[count]);
count++;
}
count=0;
lcdcmd(0xC4);
tochar(H);
lcddata(':');
tochar(M);
lcdcmd(0xCB);
tochar(S);

void display(){
count=0;
lcdcmd(0x01);
lcdcmd(0x80);
while(set[count]!='\0'){
lcddata(set[count]);
count++;
}
count=0;
 lcdcmd(0x89);
while(clock[count]!='\0'){
lcddata(clock[count]);
count++;
}
count=0;

if(H==12 && M>=60 && S>=60)

{S=1;H=1;M=1;}
if(M>=60)
{H++;M=1;S=1;}
if(S>=60)
{M++;S=1;}

lcdcmd(0xC4);
tochar(H);
lcddata(':');
tochar(M);
lcdcmd(0xCB);
tochar(S);
}
int scan_key()
{
unsigned int c;
c=22;
while(!(c==0 && c==1 && c==2 && c==3 && c==4 && c==5 &&
c==6 && c==7 && c==8 && c==9 ))
{
r0=0;r1=1;r2=1;r3=1;
if(c0==0 && r0==0 )
{lcddata('1');delay(100000);P1=0xFF;return c=1;}
if(c1==0 && r0==0)
{ lcddata('2');delay(100000);P1=0xFF;return c=2;}
if(c2==0 && r0==0)
{ lcddata('3');delay(100000);P1=0xFF;return c=3;}
if(c3==0 && r0==0)
{ lcddata('4');delay(100000);P1=0xFF;return c=4;}

r0=1;r1=0;r2=1;r3=1;

if(c0==0 && r1==0)

{ lcddata('5');delay(100000);P1=0xFF;return c=5;}
if(c1==0 && r1==0)
 { lcddata('6');delay(100000);P1=0xFF;return c=6;}
if(c2==0 && r1==0)
{ lcddata('7');delay(100000);P1=0xFF;return c=7;}
if(c3==0 && r1==0)
{ lcddata('8');delay(100000);P1=0xFF;return c=8;}

r0=1;r1=1;r2=0;r3=1;

if(c0==0 && r2==0)

{ lcddata('9');delay(100000);P1=0xFF;return c=9;}
if(c1==0 && r2==0)
{ lcddata('0');delay(100000);P1=0xFF;return c=0;}
}
P1=0xFF;
return 0;
}
void tochar(unsigned int value)
{
char tendigit,unitdigit;
tendigit=value/10;
lcddata(tendigit+48);
unitdigit=value%10;
lcddata(unitdigit+48);
}
int scan_key1()
{
int c;
r0=0;r1=1;r2=1;r3=1;
if(c0==0 && r0==0 )
{c=1;}
else c=0;
P1=0xFF;
return c;
}
● Output