CONCEPTUALIZATION ORGANIZERS, CENTRAL THEMES,

TECHNIQUES IN ARCHITECTURAL CRITICAL ISSUES OR PROBLEM

DESIGN ESSENCES.
Concept
Design Concepts (DC)  Sometimes called the ‘Big
 Late 1800s - search for an Idea’, ‘Basic Framework’ or
explanation for an origin for ‘Primary Organizer’
life that did not require God as
the designer.  May be process or product
 Classicism oriented, takes place at any
 Status of the creative designer stage in the design process,
was elevated by formalizing occur at any scale, be
the architectural profession. generated from several
sources, have a hierarchical
Concept = initial idea, plan or nature, and may be plural in
intention, or design approach number and concern in any
based on: building.
- perception of the design
problem General categories under w/c
- response to the design situation concerns & issues of a building
may be listed and addressed in
design are:
• Functional zoning
• Architectural space
• Circulation & building form
• Response to context
• Building envelope

ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPTS (DC)

The designer’s way of
Conceptualizing Techniques responding to the design situation
(CT) presented in the program. They
are the means for translating the
Architectural Concepts -- the non physical problem into the
means for translating the non- physical building product.
physical problem statement into
the physical building product. Program -- a statement prepared
by or for an owner, with or
• Every project has within it what without an architect’s assistance
might be described as PRIME
• Setting forth the conditions and Building Envelope
objectives for a building project • This facilitates climate control,
including general purpose and how they design the project
detail requirements such as internally and externally to add to
complete listing of the rooms, the structural integrity, moisture
required sizes, special facilities, control, temperature control and
etc. control of air pressure boundaries.

Functional zoning DESIGN CONCEPT

• a term used to describe the VISUALIZATION
phenomenon when buildings of
the same function cluster Perception
together. • Interpretation of sensory
information by the brain, e.g.
Visual, auditory, olfactory,
gustatory, tactile and
proprioception with the aim of
developing understanding prior to
action
Architectural space
• Concepts are sometimes seen in
Intuition
the use of spaces. It demonstrates
• A mode of understanding,
the relationship of each space to
characterized as being direct,
another.
immediate and occurring without
conscious thought or judgment,
Circulation and building form
which is a response to subtle cues
• Building forms have been
and relationships known implicitly
studied in terms of their
circulation characteristics with
respect to occupancy. Context for Concept Getting
• Design concepts may also be (CT)
expressed in the physical form of 1. General philosophy and life
the building. values of the

Response to Context Designer -- some psychological

• It is composed of the solution categories that combine to
related to the site of the project. influence the formation of a
• How they respond to the design philosophy & w/c affect
context and the issues given in the the making of design decisions are:
problem
a. Motivation and interest - Berde, largest high-heel shoe-shaped
LEED, BREEAM structure.
b. Enhancement of self-image
c. Dependence or non Design approaches (DC):
dependence of outside • Functional - function first
reinforcement of self-worth • Contextual - site-congruent or
d. Expansion of one’s sphere of the opposite
influence. • Formal - proportion, scale, form
• Conceptual - thought-provoking,
2. Design philosophy of the exploratory
designer -- The designer thru his • Collaborative - co-operative
training and experience, has designing
usually developed a design • Material - site or history based
philosophy, a set of posture or
values about design which he Functional Concept
relies upon for making form in Ex.
building design.  Hard Rock Hotel and Casino
Hollywood
3. View of the problem by the  Ferrari World, Abu Dhabi
designer -- the way that the (Benoy Architects)
designer perceives, understands  Villa Savoye, Paris, France
and describes that project occurs (Architects: Le Corbusier
within the framework of his life (Pierre Jeanneret)
values and design views.  Queensland State Library,
Australia (Architect: James
Ex. Stapleton)
 The Haines Shoe House
located on Shoe House Road Contextual Concept
between the Lincoln Highway Ex.
(state route 462) and U.S.  Haystack Mountain School of
Route 30 (Architect: Mahlon Crafts, Maine, USA (Architect:
Haines) Edward Larrabee Barnes)
 Shoe House, Mpumalanga,  National Library in Sejong City,
South Africa (Designed by Ron Korea (Samoo Architects &
Van Zyl) Engineers)
 The High Heel Wedding  Panguipulli Hotel, Chile (De La
Church, Budai township, Huerta & Gleixner Arquitectos)
Chiayi County, Taiwan 100
people capacity, holds a
Guinness World Record as the
Formal Concept
Ex.
 House in Kosai (Shuhei Gota
Architects)
 Rainier Tower, Seattle
(Architect: Minoru Yamasaki)

Conceptual Concept
Ex.
 Freedom Memorial Museum,
UP Diliman
 Yokohama International
Passenger Terminal (Architects:
Alejandro Zaera Polo and
Farshid Moussav)
 The Turning Torso (Architect:
Calatrava)
 BBC Music Center (Foreign
Office Architects)

Material Concept
Ex.
 Reynolds Metals Building,
Southfield MI, (Minoru
Yamasaki & Associates, 1967)
 Proposed MMDA Building
 Beijing National Stadium
(Architects: Herzog de Meuron
& Chinese Architect Li
Xinggang)
 THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 2.5 • International trends and
relationships
CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY • How regions are different from
one another
• Aka Human Geography -- study
of cultural aspects and how they Man-Land Tradition (Human-
relate to the spaces and places Environmental, Human-Land, or
• Cultural phenomena -- language, Culture Environment Tradition)
religion, economic and • Human impact on nature
governmental structures, art, • Impact of nature on humans
music • Natural hazards
• Cultural landscapes are also • Perception of environment
important because they link • Cultural, political, and
culture to the physical population geography
environments in which people live
– Provincianos vs urbanites Earth Science Tradition
• Globalization as culture • Physical geography
‘spreader’ • The lithosphere, hydrosphere,
atmosphere, and biosphere
4 Traditions of Geography • Earth-sun interaction
(Pattison) • The study of the earth as the
Spatial Tradition (Locational home to humans
Tradition)
• Mapping
• Spatial analysis
• Boundaries and densities
• Movement and transportation
• Quantitative techniques and
tools, such as computerized
mapping and Geographic
Information Systems
• Central Place Theory
• Areal distribution
• Spatial patterns

Area Studies Tradition (Regional

Tradition)
• Description of regions or areas
• World regional geography
THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 2.6a of engineering structures or any
part thereof, the scientific,
DESIGN AS A PUBLIC POLICY aesthetic and orderly coordination
of all the processes which enter
International policy into the production of a complete
building or structure performed
Canberra accord - architecture through the medium of unbiased
education preliminary studies of plans,
consultations, specifications,
ASEAN qualification reference conferences, evaluations,
framework (mainstream since investigations, contract
2010) documents and oral advice and
directions regardless of whether
National policy the persons engaged in such
practice are residents of the
Philippines or have their principal
RA 9266 (March 17, 2004)
office or place of business in this
• An Act Providing For A More
or another country, and
Responsive And Comprehensive
regardless of whether such
Regulation For The Registration,
persons are performing one or all
Licensing And Practice Of
of these duties, or whether such
Architecture, Repealing For The
duties are performed in person or
Purpose Republic Act No. 545, As
as the directing head of an office
Amended, Otherwise Known As
or organization performing them.
"An Act To Regulate The Practice
Of Architecture In The
CHED Memorandum Order #61
Philippines," And For Other
Series of 2017
Purposes.
• Aka, The Architecture Act of
Policies, standards, and
2004
guidelines for the Bachelor of
Science in architecture (bs archi)
General practice of Architecture
Graduates of state univ and
• The practice of architecture is
colleges must, in addition, have
hereby defined to be: The act of
the competencies to support
planning, architectural and
"national, regional, and local
structural designing, specifying,
development plans" (RA 7722)
supervising, and giving general
administration and responsible
direction to the erection,
enlargement or alterations of
buildings and architectural design
• RA 396 (June 18, 1949) Civil and requirements to regulate and
Code of the Philippines control their location, site, design,
quality of materials, construction,
- access to light and air use, occupancy, and maintenance.
- ventilation, openings
- section 5 - easement of light and * Environmental laws - NIPAS,
view AFMA, SAFDZ

• RA 8293 - Intellectual Property Code of Ethics (UAP Doc Series

Rights 200)
PRC Board of Architecture
– An Act Prescribing the Resolution 2, S 2006
Intellectual Property Code and • ADOPTION AND
Establishing the Intellectual PROMULGATION OF THE CODE OF
Property Office, Providing for Its ETHICAL CONDUCT FOR
Powers and Functions, and for REGISTERED AND LICENSED
Other Purposes ARCHITECTS AND FOR HOLDERS
- 5 blueprints only to be provided OF TEMPORARY/SPECIAL PERMITS
UNDER R.A. NO. 9266, KNOWN AS
• Repetition of design - UAP Code "THE ARCHITECTURE ACT OF
- example is houses in 2004"
subdivisions
• Unlawful practice Section 1. Traits of Architects. -
The profession of Architecture
PD 1096 calls for men and women of the
• Adopting A National Building highest integrity, responsiveness,
Code Of The Philippines (NBCP) business acumen, sensibility, as
– Enforcement under DPWH well as artistic and technical
– Who can be building officials? ability.
– Building permits
• It is hereby declared to be the Section 2. Duties and
policy of the State to safeguard Responsibilities
life, health, property, and public • The Architect's honesty of
welfare, consistent with the purpose must be beyond reproach;
principles of sound environmental – he/she acts as professional
management and control; and to adviser to his/her Client and
this end, make it the purpose of his/her advice must be
this Code to provide for all unprejudiced;
buildings and structures, a – he/she is charged with the
framework of minimum standards exercise of mediation and
conciliation functions between
Client and Contractor and must
act with entire impartiality;
– he/she has moral
responsibilities to his/her
professional associates and
subordinates; and
– he/she is engaged in a
profession which carries with it
grave responsibilities to the public.
These duties and responsibilities
cannot be properly discharged
unless his/her motives, conduct,
sense of moral values, sensitivity,
and ability are such as to
command respect and confidence.

- local laws/ordinances - followed

by small lot designers

60:40 - 60 is the building space, 40

open spaces
 STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS Chemical Properties
 Properties of a material
Forces that Influence relating to the changes or
Materials actions of chemicals upon it.

Four Categories Photo Properties

 Mechanical  Properties of a material
 Thermal relating to light or radiant
 Photo energy, the sun.
 Chemical
Metal
Mechanical Properties  Steel is useful as a structural
material because of its tensile
1. Tension - the act or process of strength.
stretching something tight, pulling.  Cast iron is easy to mill and
2. Compression - the act or cast.
process of squishing something,  Major disadvantage of cast
pushing and becoming shorter. iron as a building material is its
3. Elasticity - the ability to return brittleness.
to its original size and shape,  The use of aluminum is limited
flexible. by cost.
4. Plasticity/Ductile- continuous
deformity of a material without Concrete
rupture or relaxation.  Post-tensioned concrete has
5. Brittleness- failing after the advantage over pre-
surpassing its elastic point. stressed because it is
6. Toughness- able to absorb tensioned at the site.
impact before breaking.  Reinforced concrete uses the
7. Torsion - twisting or turning tensile strength of steel.
8. Shear- being deformed to
produce a tear in a material. Brick/Ceramic
 An advantage of brick is its low
Yield Stress Point density quality.
 The point where a material
changes from elastic to plastic. Plastics
 The sun breaks down their
Thermal Properties composition making them
 Properties of a material brittle and fragile over time.
relating to using, producing, or
caused by heat.
Carbon Fiber 3. SURFACE ACTION - systems of
 Great material for fishing rigid surfaces (resistant to CTS) in
poles because of its lightness which the redirection of forces is
and strength. effected by surface resistance and
 About four times as dense as particular surface form.
steel with a tensile strength ◦ Ex. Plate, shell structures
three times greater.
4. SECTION ACTION - rigid
Stone elements in which the redirection
 Useful for its compressive of forces is effected by
strength. mobilization of sectional (inner)
forces.
4 Mechanisms of Structural ◦ Ex. Beam, rigid frame, slab
System structures

1. FORM ACTION - the redirection

of forces is affected by a self
found form and characteristic
form stabilization.
◦ Systems of flexible, non-rigid
structures
◦ Ex. Cable, tent, pneumatic and
arch structures

2. VECTOR ACTION - systems of

straight linear members in which
the redirection of forces is
effected by multi-directional
splitting forces into vectors along
compressive and tensile elements.
◦ Ex. trusses