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International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management 344

Volume-2, Issue-3, March-2019


www.ijresm.com | ISSN (Online): 2581-5792

Doctors Assistive System using Augmented


Reality for Critical Analysis
S. Priyadarshini1, K. Renuka2, K. Sandhiya3, K. Shrilekha4, K. Rathna Priya5
1,2,3,4
Student, Dept. of Electronics and Instrumentation Engg., Valliammai Engg. College, Kanchipuram, India
5
Asst. Prof., Dept. of Electronics and Instrumentation Engg., Valliammai Engg. College, Kanchipuram, India

Abstract: AR is an artificial information that allows the user to system. The Arduino software runs on Windows, Macintosh
perform tasks more efficiently. In this project, a system which OSX, and Linux systems. Most microcontroller systems are
provides an important information for the doctors are displayed limited to Windows operating. Arduino simplifies the process
on semi-transparent glasses included in an AR glass and therefore
are mixed with the real-world view. The real-time data of patients of working with microcontrollers,
in hospital are collected by the sensors attached to patient. The
measured sensor values are given as input to the “Arduino UNO
“and the values are processed. The wireless transceiver receives
and displays the body parameters in augmented reality glass
through “ZigBee” and alert if abnormal condition occurs. The
doctor can take appropriate action based on the patient’s current
health condition.

Keywords: Augmented Reality, Arduino UNO, Wireless


Transceiver, ZigBee, AR glass

1. Introduction Fig.1. Arduino board


Surgeons are regularly on the lookout for technologies that
will enhance their operating environment. They are often the and offers great advantage for teachers, students, and interested
early adopters of technologies that allow their field to offer a amateurs. The Arduino software is published as open source
better surgical and patient experience. The continuing tools, available for extension by experienced programmers. The
enhancement of the surgical environment in the digital age has language can be expanded through C++ libraries, and people
led to a number of innovations being highlighted as potential wanting to understand the technical details can make the leap
disruptive technologies in the surgical workplace. Augmented from Arduino to the AVR C programming language on which
reality (AR) are rapidly becoming increasingly available, it's based. The Arduino is based on Atmel's
accessible and importantly affordable, hence their application ATMEGA8 and ATMEGA168 microcontrollers. The plans for
into healthcare to enhance the medical use of data is certain. the modules are published under a Creative Commons license,
Whether it relates to anatomy, intraoperative surgery, or post- so experienced circuit designers can make their own version of
operative rehabilitation, applications are already being the module, extending it and improving it. Even relatively
investigated for their role in the surgeons. AR is the addition of inexperienced users can build the breadboard version of the
artificial information to one or more of the senses that allows module in order to understand how it works and save money.
the user to perform tasks more efficiently.
B. Temperature sensor
2. Hardware Temperature is the most often-measured environmental
quantity since most ph. s are affected by temperature. Certain
A. Arduino UNO chemical reactions, biological processes, and even electronic
Arduino is a tool for making computers that can sense and circuits perform best within limited temperature ranges.
control more of the physical world than your desktop computer. Temperature sensing can be done either through direct contact
It's an open-source physical computing platform based on a with the heating source, or remotely, without direct contact with
simple microcontroller board, and a development environment the source using radiated energy instead. An example for a
for writing software for the board. Arduino can be used to temperature sensor is LM35. The LM35 series are precision
develop interactive objects, taking inputs from a variety of integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is
switches or sensors, and controlling a variety of lights, motors, linearly proportional to the Celsius temperature. The LM35
and other electronic, chemical, mechanical, and biological operates at -55˚ to +120˚C. The LM35 can be connected easily
International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management 345
Volume-2, Issue-3, March-2019
www.ijresm.com | ISSN (Online): 2581-5792

in the same way as other integrated circuit temperature sensors. ones. ZigBee is typically used in low data rate applications that
It can be established to a surface and its temperature will be require long battery life and secure networking. ZigBee has a
within around the range of 0.01˚C of the surface temperature defined rate of 250 Kbit/s, best suited for intermittent data
transmissions from a sensor or input device. The technology
defined by the ZigBee specification is intended to be simpler
than other wireless personal area networks (WPANs), such as
Bluetooth or Wi-Fi.

Fig. 2. LM35 sensor

This presumes that the ambient air temperature is just about


the same as the surface temperature; if the air temperature were
much higher or lower than the surface temperature, the actual
temperature of the LM35 die would be at an intermediate Fig. 3. ZigBee
temperature between the surface temperature and the air
temperature. 3. Software
C. Heartbeat sensor A. Embedded C
The heartbeat sensor is based on the principle of photo An embedded system is a special-purpose computer system
plethysmography. It measures the change in volume of blood designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions, often
through any organ of the body which causes a change in the with real-time computing constraints. It is usually embedded as
light intensity through that organ (a vascular region). In case of part of a complete device including hardware and mechanical
applications where heart pulse rate is to be monitored, the parts. In contrast, a general-purpose computer, such as a
timing of the pulses is more important. The flow of blood personal computer, can do many different tasks depending on
volume is decided by the rate of heart pulses and since light is programming. This system uses Embedded System to combine
absorbed by blood, the signal pulses are equivalent to the heart the hardware and software used to achieve monitoring of body
beat pulses. parameters. Embedded systems are computer systems that
monitor, respond to, or control an external environment that are
D. Respiratory sensor International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and
Respiratory Sensor includes a sensitive and repeatable girth Management connected to systems through sensors, actuators
sensor using an easy fitting high durability latex rubber band and other I/O interfaces.
fixed with self-adhering belt for monitoring respiration rate,
waveform and amplitude. It can be worn either thoracic ally or B. Arduino IDE
abdominally, over clothing. A Respiratory sensor is usually a The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a
pressure sensor which acts as a transducer; it generates a signal cross-platform application (for Windows, mac OS, Linux) that
as a function of the pressure imposed (such a signal is is written in the programming language Java. It is used to write
electrical). Pressure sensors are used for control and monitoring and upload programs to Arduino board. The Arduino IDE
in thousands of everyday applications. Pressure sensors can also supports the languages C and C++ using special rules of code
be used to indirectly measure other variables such as fluid/gas structuring.
flow, speed, water level, and altitude.
E. Zigbee IEEE 802.15.4
ZigBee is a wireless technology developed as an open global
standard to address the unique needs of low-cost, low-power
wireless M2M networks. The ZigBee standard operates on the
IEEE 802.15.4 physical radio specification and operates in
unlicensed bands including 2.4 GHz, 900 MHz and 868 MHz.
Though its low power consumption limits transmission
distances to 10–100 meters line-of-sight, depending on power
output and environmental characteristics, ZigBee devices can Fig. 4. Arduino IDE
transmit data over long distances by passing data through a
mesh network of intermediate devices to reach more distant
International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management 346
Volume-2, Issue-3, March-2019
www.ijresm.com | ISSN (Online): 2581-5792

4. Methodology augmented reality glass through wireless communication and


Body parameters like heartbeat, temperature and pressure are alert if abnormal condition occurs. The doctor can take
measured using the sensors. The analog outputs from the appropriate action based on the patient’s current health
sensors are given as inputs to the Arduino UNO microcontroller condition.
and processed.
Acknowledgement
We take this opportunity to express our sincere thanks to our
Project Guide Mrs. K. Rathna Priya, Assistant professor who
provided knowledge, insight and support to complete this
project. We would also like to extend our gratitude to our
Project Coordinator, Mr. K. R. Ganesh, Assistant Professor of
Valliammai Engineering College.
Fig. 5. Block diagram

References
The processed digital outputs are transmitted to the wireless
[1] Filip Malawski, AGH University, “Driver Assistance System Using
transceiver through ZigBee protocol using Arduino proteus Augmented Reality Headset,” IEEE Transactions on Electronics and
software. The receiver section consists of a 9V battery powered Telecommunications, vol. 3, pp. 978-1-5386, 2018.
VR glass, adjusting mirror and the ZigBee receiver. Now the [2] Nianchenn Deng, Yanqing Zhou, Jiannan Ye, Xubo Yang, “A Calibration
Method for On-Vehicle AR-HUD System Using Mixed Reality Glasses,”
VR reality ray falls on the adjusting mirror and reflects on the IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D user interfaces, vol 6, pp.
OLED. The output is displayed on the wearable glass using 978-1-3365, 2018.
augmented technology. [3] Y. Xu, D. Xu, S. Lin, T. X. Han, X. Cao, and X. Li, “Detection of sudden
pedestrian crossings for driving assistance systems,” IEEE Transactions
on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics), vol. 42, no. 3,
5. Conclusion pp. 729–739, 2012.
[4] Q. Liu, J. Zhuang, and J. Ma, “Robust and fast pedestrian detection
In this project, the real-time data of patients in hospital are method for far-infrared automotive driving assistance systems,” Infrared
collected by the sensors attached to patients, once the sensor Physics & Technology, vol. 60, pp. 288– 299, 2013.
measures the values they are processed in the Arduino UNO [5] S. P. Narote, P. N. Bhujbal, A. S. Narote, and D. M. Dhane, “A review of
microcontroller. The digital outputs are sent to doctors recent advances in lane detection and departure warning system,” Pattern
Recognition, vol. 73, pp. 216–234, 2018.

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