Fourth Quarter Module 1

Week 1
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
This module was collaboratively designed, developed, and evaluated by the Development and
Quality Assurance Teams of SDO TAPAT to assist you in helping the learners meet the
standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks
included in the module.
For the learner:
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let’s Try before moving on to the other activities included in the
module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult
your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 Let’s Learn

The lesson was designed and written to help you understand the Measures of Position.
The concept has been discussed thoroughly and the example was answered in step-by-step
procedure to lead you in answering the given exercises.
After going through this module, you are expected to:

✓ Illustrate the following measures of position: quartiles, deciles, and percentiles

of ungrouped data;

✓ Calculate a specified measure of position (e.g. 90th percentile) of a set of

ungrouped data; and

✓ Interpret measures of position of a set of ungrouped data.

Let’s Try

Directions: Choose the letter/s of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following is/are considered as a median score?

A. 2nd Decile C. 50th Percentile
B. 3rd Quartile D.7th Decile
2. These are score points which divide a distribution into four equal parts.
A. Quantile C. Decile
B. Quartile D. Percentile
3. What percent corresponds to 𝐷6 ?
A. 30% B. 40% C. 50% D. 60%
4. The position of 𝑄1 is computed as 10.5 using Mendenhall and Sincich method. What
must be the value of 𝑄1 ?
A. the value at 10th position C. the value at 12th position
B. the value at 11th position D. the value at 13th position
For item numbers 5-8, refer to the given data below.
55,32, 20,35,48,75,95,21,25
5. Using the Mendenhall and Sincich method, what is the position of 𝑄1 ?
A. 2nd position B. 3rd position C. 4th position D. 5th position
 6. Find the value of 𝑄1 using the Mendenhall and Sincich method.
A. 25 B. 32 C. 35 D. 65
7. With Interpolation Method, what is the value of 𝐷6 ?
A. 21 B. 32 C. 48 D. 79
8. Get the value of 𝑃82 with Interpolation Method.
A. 21 B. 32 C. 48 D. 79
9. In a class consisting of 100 students, Lina is placed as the 20𝑡ℎ one, then suppose 80
students are ranked below. What will be her percentile rank?
A. 60th percentile C. 20th percentile
B. 80th percentile D. 40th percentile
10. Maribeth takes the history test, and her teacher tells her she scored at 91st percentile.
What does this mean?
A. Her score is 91.
B. She scored lower than 91% of the students who took the test.
C. She scored high or higher than 91% of the students who took the test.
D. She got the highest score.

Alternatively, you may answer these questions online! Write your

score here
Use this link on your cellphone, laptop or desktop:
http://bit.ly/MATH1041
Use proper capitalization to activate the link.
You will see your score after completing the test. Make sure to screenshot
your work as a proof to your teacher then write your score in the box. Make sure you are
connected to the internet!

Lesson
Measures of Position
1 (Ungrouped Data)

Let’s Recall

Find the median

1. 3, 6, 2, 8, 12, 10, 1, 4, 10, 2
2. 3, 5, 6, 3, 1, 7, 2, 5, 7
 3. 9, 12, 10, 11, 13, 12, 13, 10, 13, 12, 11
4. 1.2, 1.4, 2.0, 2.1, 2.4, 2.0, 2.1, 2,4
5. 102, 145, 100, 121, 124, 145, 123, 147, 123, 121, 100
How do you find the median if the number of observations is Odd? Even?
The Median is the value of the middle item. It divides the distribution into two equal
parts. It is the point in the distribution which 50% of the score lies above the distribution and
the other 50% lies below the distribution.
If the given is an Odd distribution, the median is the value in the center of the
distribution. If the given in an Even distribution, the median is the average of the two values in
the middle position. The Median is not a Measure of Value, rather, it is a Measure of Position.

Let’s Explore

The Quantiles is a measure of positions that divides a distribution into equal groups.
A Quantile is a number where a certain score falls below that number. Quartiles, Deciles, and
Percentiles are all Quantiles. Like Median, they are also a Measure of Position.

QUARTILES FOR UNGROUPED DATA

❖ Quartiles
A Quartile is a type of Quantile which divides the number of data points into
four equal parts with each of 25% of the values. There are three points which divides
the distribution into 4 equal parts. Consider the illustration below:

𝑸𝟏 𝑸𝟐 𝑸𝟑
1⁄ 2⁄ 3⁄ 4⁄
4 4 4 4
Note that:

✓ 1⁄4or 25% of the data belongs to 𝑄1 ; (value ≤ 𝑄1 )

✓ 2⁄4 or 50% of the data belongs to the median or 𝑄2 ; (value ≤ 𝑄2 )
✓ 3⁄4 or 75% of the data belongs to 𝑄3 ; (value ≤ 𝑄1 )
✓ 4⁄4 or 100% referring to the whole frequency distribution.

The lower or first quartile (𝑄1 ) is the median of the first half of values.

The upper or third quartile (𝑄3 ) is the median of the second half of values.

The median itself is the second or middle quartile (𝑄2 ).

Mendenhall and Sincich Method

Solving the value of quartile can be done through this formula:

𝒕𝒉
𝒌
𝑸𝒌 = [ (𝒏 + 𝟏)]
𝟒
where 𝒌 = 1,2,3

𝒏 = number of observations.
𝒕𝒉 = stands for the position of the value of the said quartile.
By Mendenhall and Sincich Method, if the 𝑸𝒌 position is not a whole number, then
round off to the nearest whole number. However, if the result is a half-way or 0.5, you must
round up when you are solving for 𝑸𝟏 and round down when solving for 𝑸𝟑 .

Example:

The average grade of selected Grade 10 Hemmingway are as follows:

83, 85, 88, 91, 81, 83, 89, 85, 86

Calculate 𝑄1 , 𝑄2 , 𝑄3 .

Solution:

Arrange the data in ascending order:

81, 83, 83, 85, 85, 86, 88, 89, 91

Solve for 𝑸𝟏

Given: 𝑘 = 1 ; 𝑛 = 9

𝑘 𝑡ℎ
Formula: 𝑄𝑘 = [ (𝑛 + 1)]
4

1 𝑡ℎ
𝑄1 = [ (9 + 1)]
4

1 𝑡ℎ
𝑄1 = [ (10)]
4

𝑄1 = [2.5]𝑡ℎ 0.5 means halfway so round up for lower quartile

𝑄1 = 3𝑟𝑑 So, the value of 1st quartile is in 3rd position

𝑸𝟏 = 𝟖𝟑 value of 1st quartile

Solve for 𝑸𝟐

Given: 𝑘 = 2 ; 𝑛 = 9

𝑘 𝑡ℎ
Formula: 𝑄𝑘 = [ (𝑛 + 1)]
4

2 𝑡ℎ
𝑄2 = [ (9 + 1)]
4
 2 𝑡ℎ
𝑄2 = [ (10)]
4

𝑄2 = 5𝑡ℎ So, the value of 2nd quartile is in 5th position

𝑸𝟐 = 𝟖𝟓 value of 2nd quartile

Solve for 𝑸𝟑

Given: 𝑘 = 3 ; 𝑛 = 9

𝑘 𝑡ℎ
Formula: 𝑄𝑘 = [ (𝑛 + 1)]
4

3 𝑡ℎ
𝑄3 = [ (9 + 1)]
4

3 𝑡ℎ
𝑄3 = [ (10)]
4

𝑄3 = [7.5]𝑡ℎ 0.5 means halfway so round down for lower quartile

𝑄3 = 7𝑡ℎ So, the value of 3rd quartile is in 7th position

𝑸𝟑 = 𝟖𝟖 value of 3rd quartile

Decile and Percentile

Deciles and percentiles are usually applied to large data sets.

❖ Deciles
A Decile is a type of Quantile which divides the number of data points
into ten equal parts.
𝒕𝒉
𝒌
𝑫𝒌 = [ (𝒏 + 𝟏)]
𝟏𝟎
where 𝒌 = 1,2,3,4, … ,9

𝒏 = number of observations

𝒕𝒉 = stands for the position of the value of the said decile

❖ Percentiles
A Percentile is a type of Quantile which divides the number of data
points into 100 equal parts.
𝒕𝒉
𝒌
𝑷𝒌 = [ (𝒏 + 𝟏)]
𝟏𝟎𝟎
where 𝒌 = 1,2,3,4, … ,99

𝒏 = number of observations
𝒕𝒉 = stands for the position of the value of the said percentile.
Study the illustration below:
We can say that,

𝑸𝟏 = 𝑫𝟐.𝟓 = 𝑷𝟐𝟓 = 𝟐𝟓%

𝑸𝟐 = 𝑫𝟓 = 𝑷𝟓𝟎 = 𝟓𝟎%

𝑸𝟑 = 𝑫𝟕.𝟓 = 𝑷𝟕𝟓 = 𝟕𝟓%

Let’s Elaborate

Solving for Decile and Percentile by Linear Interpolation Method

The following data gathered refers to the amount of time consumed in minutes by 10
students in typing class. Determine the 2 nd decile, 7.5th decile, 35th percentile and 75th
percentile.
5, 5, 9, 10, 15, 12, 14, 10, 18, 6, 10, 12, 14, 15, 17
Solution:

Arrange the data in ascending order:

5, 5, 6, 9, 10, 10, 10, 12, 12, 14, 14, 15, 15, 17, 18

Solve for 𝑫𝟐

Given: 𝑘 = 2 ; 𝑛 = 15

𝑘 𝑡ℎ
Formula: 𝐷𝑘 = [ (𝑛 + 1)]
10

2 𝑡ℎ
𝐷2 = [ (15 + 1)]
10

2 𝑡ℎ
𝐷2 = [ (16)]
10

𝑫𝟐 = 𝟑. 𝟐𝒕𝒉 the position of 2nd decile

Use Linear Interpolation to solve for the value of decile:

𝑫𝒌 = 𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 + [𝒅𝒆𝒄𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒍 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕 (𝒉𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 − 𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆)]

 In the example above, we obtained 𝐷2 = [3.2]𝑡ℎ where the 3rd position in the data set
is 6 and the 4th position is 9. So, the higher value is 9 while the lower value is 6. The decimal
part is 0.2.

𝐷2 = 6 + [0.2 (9 − 6)]

𝐷2 = 6 + [0.2 (3)]

𝑫𝟐 = 𝟔. 𝟔 the value of 2nd decile

Interpretation:

Therefore, 20% of the students can type in less than or exactly 6.6 minutes.

Solve for 𝑫𝟕.𝟓

Given: 𝑘 = 7.5 ; 𝑛 = 15

𝑘 𝑡ℎ
Formula: 𝐷𝑘 = [ (𝑛 + 1)]
10

7.5 𝑡ℎ
𝐷7.5 = [ (15 + 1)]
10

7.5 𝑡ℎ
𝐷7.5 = [ (16)]
10

𝑫𝟕.𝟓 = 𝟏𝟐𝒕𝒉 the position of 7.5th decile

No need to use the Linear Interpolation to solve for the value of decile

𝑫𝟕.𝟓 = 𝟏𝟓 the value of 7.5th decile in the 12th position

Interpretation:

Therefore, 75% of the students can type in less than or exactly 15 minutes.

Solve for 𝑷𝟑𝟓

Given: 𝑘 = 35 ; 𝑛 = 15

𝑘 𝑡ℎ
Formula: 𝑃𝑘 = [ (𝑛 + 1)]
10

35 𝑡ℎ
𝑃35 = [ (15 + 1)]
100

35 𝑡ℎ
𝑃35 = [ (16)]
100

𝑃35 = 5.6𝑡ℎ the position of 35th percentile

Use Linear Interpolation to solve for the value of percentile:

𝑷𝒌 = 𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 + [𝒅𝒆𝒄𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒍 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕 (𝒉𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 − 𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆)]

Note: 5th position is 10 and the 6th position is 10

𝑃35 = 10 + [0.6 (10 − 10)]

 𝑃35 = 10 + [0.6 (0)]

𝑷𝟑𝟓 = 𝟏𝟎 the position of 35th percentile

Interpretation:

Therefore, 35% of the students can type in less than or exactly 10 minutes.

Now, try to solve 75th percentile. Show that the value of 𝑷𝟕𝟓 = 𝐷7.5 .

More Interpretative Examples

1) If Edwin scored a percentile rank of 87 on a test, it means he performed better than
87% of the other students in the group. How many percent of the students performed better
than Edwin?
Answer: 13% of the students in the group performed better than Edwin.
2) What does it mean if your score in National Career Assessment Examination is
equivalent to 𝑃85 ?
Answer: 15% of the students gets higher than you and you get a score higher than
85% of the students. We can also say that you surpass 85% of the students.
3) If you are the fourth tallest student in a group of 10, then 60% of the students are
shorter than you. How many students are shorter than you if you are the 7 th tallest student in
a group of 20?
Answer: If you are the 7th tallest, then there are 13 students who are shorter than you.
13
𝑃𝑅 = ( ) 𝑥100 = 65%. So, 65% of the students are shorter than you.
20

To watch a video tutorial on “Measures of Position (Quartile, Decile, Percentile) -

Ungrouped Data”, visit this link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W_VyAKd4OhE

Let’s Dig In

The following are scores of 20 students in a 50-item test in Mathematics.

32 27 24 41 42 37 27 29 28 39
21 41 28 24 34 42 24 35 36 42
Compute the following measures of position using Mendenhall and Sincich Method
1. 𝑄1 2. 𝑄3
3. The Interquartile Range (IQR) is a measure of where the “middle fifty” is in a data
set. It is the difference between the 𝑄3 (Upper Quartile) and the 𝑄1 (Lower Quartile).
In the given table above, what is the IQR?
Using the data above, compute the following measures of position using
Interpolation Method
4. 𝑄2 5. 𝑄3 6. 𝐷3 7. 𝑃42 8. 𝑃90
9-10. Given a test in Statistics, the 75th percentile score is 15. What does it mean?
What is its measure of position in relation to the other data? Interpret and justify the
result.

Let’s Remember

QUANTILE FORMULAS FOR UNGROUPED DATA

QUARTILE DECILE PERCENTILE

𝒕𝒉 𝒕𝒉 𝒕𝒉
𝒌 𝒌 𝒌
𝑸𝒌 = [ (𝒏 + 𝟏)] 𝑫𝒌 = [ (𝒏 + 𝟏)] 𝑷𝒌 = [ (𝒏 + 𝟏)]
𝟒 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
Where: Where: Where:
𝒌 = 1,2,3 𝒌 = 1,2,3,4, … ,9 𝒌 = 1,2,3,4, … ,99
𝒏 = number of observations 𝒏 = number of observations 𝒏 = number of observations
𝒕𝒉 = stands for the position of the 𝒕𝒉 = stands for the position of 𝒕𝒉 = stands for the position of
value of the said quartile the value of the said decile the value of the said percentile

Let’s Apply

Solve the following problem:

I. The data below shows the number of recovered cases of Covid-19 in First District of Taguig
City reported as of September 21, 2020.

Barangay Recovered Barangay Recovered Barangay Recovered

Bagumbayan 373 Ligid Tipas 96 San Miguel 71

Bambang 92 Lower Bicutan 591 Santa Ana 178

Calzada 131 New Lower 327 Tuktukan 120

Tipas Bicutan
 Hagonoy 129 Napindan 67 Ususan 350

Ibayo Tipas 117 Palingon 76 Wawa 92

Compute the following measures of position.

1. 𝑄1
2. 𝑄2
3. 𝑄3
4. Interquartile Range
5. 𝐷2
6. 𝐷7.5
7. 𝑃25
8. 𝑃53
9. 𝑃85

II. Rey is an employee of Unilever Philippines; His salary is in the 8 th decile. Should Rey be
glad about his salary or not? Explain your answer.

Let’s Evaluate

Directions: Choose the letter/s of the correct answer.

1. What measures of position divides a distribution into 100 equal parts?

A. Quantile B. Quartile C. Decile D. Percentile
2. Which of the following corresponds to 65%?
A. 𝐷6 B. 𝐷6.5 C. 𝑄2 D. 𝑃60
3. Given the Interquartile Range of 6.2, what is the value of the lower quartile if the upper
quartile is 10.3?
A. 4.1 B. 16.5 C. 6.5 D. 14.1
For item numbers 4-8, refer to the given the data below.
21, 24, 24, 24, 28, 28, 31, 35, 35, 36, 38, 39
4. Find the value of 𝑄1 the Mendenhall and Sincich method.
A. 12 B. 24 C. 28 D. 36
5. Using the Mendenhall and Sincich method, what is the value of 𝑄3 ?
A. 12 B. 24 C. 28 D. 36
6. What is the Interquartile Range?
A. 12 B. 24 C. 28 D. 36
 7. What is the value of 𝐷8 using the Interpolation Method.
A. 36.8 B. 36 C. 10 D. 10.4
8. Find the value of 𝑃50 using the Interpolation Method.
A. 30.5 B. 29.5 C. 28.5 D. 27.5
th
9. Andy got a score of 25, which is equivalent to a 70 percentile rank in mathematics
test. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. His score is below the 5th decile.
B. 30% of the class got a score of 25 and above.
C. He scored above 70% of her classmates.
D. If the passing mark is the 2nd quartile, he passed the test.
10. In a 100-item test, the passing mark is the 3rd quartile. What does it imply?
A. the students should answer at least 50 items correctly to pass the test.
B. the students should answer at least 75 items correctly to pass the test.
C. the students should answer at most 50 items correctly to pass the test.
D. the students should answer at most 75 items correctly to pass the test.

Alternatively, you may answer these questions online! Write your

score here
Use this link on your cellphone, laptop or desktop:
http://bit.ly/MATH1041E
Use proper capitalization to activate the link.
You will see your score after completing the test. Make sure to screenshot
your work as a proof to your teacher then write your score in the box. Make sure you are
connected to the internet!

Let’s Extend
Are you ready to apply what you’ve learned from this module?
If no, review the lessons until you are ready. If yes, answer the activity below. You can
choose either “Option 1” or “Option 2” to answer.

OPTION 1: Do it ONLINE
You can use cellphone, laptop or desktop. Make sure you are connected to the internet.
Instructions:
1. Go to joinmyquiz.com and enter this code 5822 8842
2. Click Play as a guest
3. Start answering the questions.
4. After the first question, do not click anything. The next question will appear after.
5. Once done, take a screenshot of your quiz score and show it to your teacher.
OPTION 2: Do it with your PEN
Following are the number of defective items produced in a month by a machine for the
last 24 months. 42,12,25,47,35,25,24,18,52,41,32,26,14,51,42,21,23,21,28,48,41,18,24,21.
1. Prove that 2nd Quartile = 5th Decile = 50th Percentile
2. Prove that 3rd Quartile = 75th Percentile

References
Mathematics Learner’s Module 1st edition-2015

https://www.dr-aart.nl/Statistics-range-and-quartiles.html

https://www.statisticshowto.com/probability-and-statistics/interquartile-range/
https://www.statisticshowto.com/probability-and-statistics/percentiles-rank-range/
 Development Team of the Module

Writer: MARIA VICTORIA G. ALLINGAG

Editors:
Content Evaluator: CHONA R. PANOPIO
Language Evaluator: VAL JOSEPH I. VIŇALON

Reviewers:
GINA C. FRANCISCO

MARISOL BARBARA M. FERNANDEZ

AMELIA AQUINO CANZANA

JENNICA ALEXIS B. SABADO

DR. MELEDA POLITA

Management Team: DR. MARGARITO B. MATERUM, SDS

DR. GEORGE P TIZON, SGOD Chief
DR. ELLERY G. QUINTIA, CID Chief
MRS. MIRASOL I. RONGAVILLA, EPS-Mathematics
DR. DAISY L. MATAAC, EPS – LRMS/ALS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division of Taguig City and Pateros Upper Bicutan Taguig City

Telefax: 8384251

Email Address: [email protected]