Bdwbu: Cövpxb Fvi Zi MVG VR

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cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi mvgªvR¨

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cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôvi m~PbvjMœ wQj wLª÷c~e© lô kZ‡K| Gi Av‡M mgMÖ DËi fvi‡Z
wQj wewfbœ †MvÎwfwËK ev DcRvZxq ¶z`ª ¶z`ª ivR¨| wLª÷c~e© lô kZ‡K GB ¶z`ª ¶z`ª ivR¨
†_‡K m„wó nq Rbc‡ì Ges GB mg‡q †lvjwU cÖavb Rbc‡ì cwiPq cvIqv hvq| GBme
Rbc‡ì g‡a¨ GKwU, gMa Rbc`, ax‡i ax‡i cÖvavb¨ we¯—vi Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡i| gM‡ai GB
AMÖhvÎv †_‡KB m~wPZ nq DËi fvi‡Z mvgªvR¨ ¯’vc‡bi `„óvš—| GB m~Pbv †_‡KB fvi‡Zi cÖ_g
mvgªvR¨ ¯’vcb Ki‡Z cÖqvmx nb P›`ª¸ß †gŠh©| wLª÷c~e© Z…Zxq kZvãx‡Z †gŠh© mvgªvR¨B fvi‡Zi
BwZnv‡m cÖ_g wekvj mvgªvR¨| gnvgwZ A‡kvK †gŠh© mvgªv‡Rï wfwË‡K gvbeZvi bxwZ mgš^‡q
`„p Ki‡Z m¶g nb| †gŠh© hy‡MB mvgªv‡Rï cÖkvmwbK wfwË M‡o I‡V| ivR¨ kvmb eë¯’vi †gŠj
KvVv‡gv GB hy‡MB wba©vwiZ nq|
cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡m wØZxq e„nr mvgªvR¨ M‡o I‡V KzlvY hy‡M wLª÷xq cÖ_g kZvãx‡Z|
ewnivMZ KzlvY esk DËi-cwðg fvi‡Zi †c‡kvqvi‡K †K›`ª K‡i M‡o †Zv‡j KzlvY mvgªvR¨|
KzlvY mvgªvR¨‡K GK A‡_© ejv P‡j cwðg †_‡K c~e© w`‡K mvgªvR¨ we¯—v‡ii cÖqvm|
cieZ©x e„nr mvgªvR¨ ¸ß mvgªvR¨, hvi †K›`ª wQj †gŠh©‡ì g‡Zv c~e© fvi‡ZB| gMa‡K †K›`ª
K‡iB ¸ß mvgªv‡Rï AMÖhvÎv| mgy`ª¸‡ßi e¨vcK m¤úÖmviY bxwZi mvdj¨B ¸ß mvgªvR¨‡K cÖvPxb
fvi‡Zi me©e„nr mvgªv‡R¨ iƒcvš—wiZ K‡i| wLª÷xq PZz_© kZvãx †_‡K lô kZvãx ch©š— `xN©Kvj
¸ß mvgªvR¨ fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡mi me©v‡c¶v †MŠi‡ei hyM| mgy`ª¸ß I wØZxq P›`ª¸ß GB es‡ki
me‡P‡q L¨vwZgvb ivRv| wekvj mvgªvR¨, mycÖwZwôZ kvmb eë¯’v I ewne©vwYR¨wfwËK mg„×
A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v GB hyM‡K K‡i †Zv‡j me©‡¶‡Î AMÖMwZi hyM| Ávb-weÁvb I wkí-mvwnZ¨
†¶‡Î GB hy‡Mi AMÖMwZ‡K j¶ K‡iB BwZnv‡m GB hyM Ô¯^Y©hyMÕ wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ n‡q‡Q|
cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡m mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôvi †kl Aa¨vq m~wPZ nq wLª÷xq mßg kZvãx‡Z| c~e©
cvÄv‡ei _v‡bk¦‡ii AwacwZ nl©ea©b DËi fvi‡Zi ga¨‡`‡ki †gŠLix es‡ki mvgªvR¨ GKwÎZ
K‡i cÖwZôv K‡iwQ‡jb mgMÖ DËi fvi‡Z GK wekvj mvgªvR¨| cyl¨f‚wZ †gŠLix mvgªv‡RïI ag©-
ms¯‹…wZi, wk¶v-`x¶vi cÖf‚Z DbœwZ mvwaZ nq|
wLª÷c~e© Z…Zxq kZvãx †_‡K wLª÷xq mßg kZvãxi gaëZ©x cÖvq GK nvRvi eQ‡ii g‡a¨ PviwU
e„nr mvgªvR¨ cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj Ges cÖwZwU mvgªv‡Rï Aš—e©Z©xKv‡j DËi fviZ †f‡½ c‡owQj
¶z`ª ¶z`ª iv‡R¨| mvgªvRëv`x kw³i evisevi DËe fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡m BwZevPK f‚wgKv ivL‡ZB
m¶g n‡qwQj| cÖkvmb eë¯’vi myweb¨vm, A_©‰bwZK mg„w×, wkí-ms¯‹…wZi cÖf‚Z DbœwZ GB
mvgªvR¨¸wji BwZevPK w`K| ivRZ‡š¿i µgweKvk N‡UwQj GB mvgªvR¨¸wj‡K wfwË K‡iB|
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I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
†gŠh© mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôvi cUf‚wg

cvV 1
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb−
◗ wLª÷c~e© lô A‡ãi Ô†lvok gnvRbc‡ì hyMÕ m¤ú‡K© weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ gMa‡K †K›`ª K‡i mvgªvR¨ M‡o IVvi BwZnvm eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ †gŠh© mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôvi cUf‚wg e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
†lvok gnvRbc`
†lvok gnvRbc`
wLª÷c~e© lô kZvãx n‡Z fvi‡Zi ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡m GK bZyb Aa¨v‡qi m~Pbv nq| G mgqB
cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv fvi‡Z eo eo ivR¨ MV‡bi Avfvm cvIqv hvq Ges GKB mv‡_ Zv‡ì g‡a¨
P‡j kw³ msMÖn I cÖvavb¨ we¯—v‡ii Rb¨ Zxeª cÖwZØw›ØZv| cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi wKQy †eŠ× I ˆRb MÖš’
cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi wKQy †eŠ× I †_‡K Rvbv hvq, †mB mg‡q DËi fvi‡Zi we¯—xY© GjvKv 16wU iv‡R¨ wef³ wQj, hv wQj Ô†lvok
ˆRb MÖš’ †_‡K Rvbv hvq, †mB gnvRbc`Õ e‡j cwiwPZ| ALÛ me©fviZxq †Kvb iv‡Rï Aw¯—Z¡ wQj bv| wLª÷c~e© lô kZvãxi
mg‡q DËi fvi‡Zi we¯—xY© ga¨fv‡M gM‡ai DÌvb ch©š— mgq‡K Ô†lvok gnvRbc‡ì hyMÕ wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq|
GjvKv 16wU iv‡R¨ wef³ †lvok gnvRbc‡ì BwZnvm Avgv‡ì Rvbv DwPZ GRb¨ †h, wKfv‡e fviZel© ¶z`ª ¶z`ª
wQj, hv wQj Ô†lvok
gnvRbc`Õ e‡j cwiwPZ ivRkw³i msNvZgq Ae¯’v †_‡K gM‡ai †bZ…‡Z¡ ALÛ me©fviZxq ivRkw³i kvm‡b G‡jv Zv
eySv hv‡e| cÖvPxb fvi‡Z ivR‰bwZK H‡Kï GB weKvk cÖwµqvi c‡_ †gŠh© ivReskB cÖ_g
¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q|
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ 92
†gŠh© mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôvi †cÖ¶vcU eyS‡Z n‡j gMa‡Kw›`ªK mvgªvRëv`x ivR‰bwZK ZrciZvi
DË‡i Kveyj †_‡K `vw¶Yv‡Í̈i BwZnvm Abyaveb Ki‡Z n‡e| ˆRb ÔfMeZxm~ÎÕ Ges †eŠ× ÔA½yËiwbKvqÕ bvgK `ywU MÖ‡š’ †lvok
†Mv`veix b`x ch©š— we¯—…Z gnvRbc‡ì cwiPq Ges gM‡ai †bZ…‡Z¡ †m¸wji HKë× nevi Z_¨ cvIqv hvq| DË‡i Kveyj
AÂj Ry‡o †h ivR¨¸wji K_v †_‡K `vw¶Yv‡Í̈i †Mv`veix b`x ch©š— we¯—…Z AÂj Ry‡o †h ivR¨¸wji K_v Rvbv hvq †m¸wj
Rvbv hvq †m¸wj n‡”Q n‡”Q Kv‡¤^vR, MvÜvi, Kzi“, †Kvkj, k~i‡mb, cvÂvj, gj−, e„wR ev ew¾, grm¨, †P`x, erm,
Kv‡¤^vR, MvÜvi, Kzi“, †Kvkj,
k~i‡mb, cvÂvj, gj−, e„wR ev
Kvkx, A½, Aeš—x, Ak¦K I gMa| GB †lvjwU ivR¨ cÖvqB cÖvavb¨ we¯—v‡ii Rb¨ wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨
ew¾, grm¨, †P`x, erm, hy× weMÖ‡n wjß _vK‡Zv| µ‡gB A‡c¶vK…Z `ye©j Rbc`¸wji ¯^vZš¿¨ webó K‡i fvi‡Zi
Kvkx, A½, Aeš—x, Ak¦K I ivRbxwZ †¶‡Î PviwU ivR¨ cÖavb n‡q I‡V| GB ivR¨¸wj n‡”Q †Kvkj, Aeš—x, erm I gMa|
gMa| fvi‡Zi wLª÷c~e© lô kZvãxi BwZnvm n‡”Q GB e„nr kw³e‡M©i Aš—Ø©‡›Øi BwZnvm Ges gM‡ai
mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôvi BwZnvm| eZ©gvb wenv‡ii `w¶Yvsk, gyL¨Z cvUbv I Mqv †Rjv, cÖvPxbKv‡j
gMa bv‡g cwiwPZ wQj| GLv‡b wQj bvbv RvwZi wgwkªZ RbemwZ| wewfbœ Kvi‡Y fvi‡Zi
BwZnv‡m GB gM‡ai ¸i“Z¡ h‡_ó| gM‡ai †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb Gi kw³ e„w×‡Z mvnvh¨
K‡iwQj| gM‡ai gvSLvb w`‡q wQj c~e© I cwðg fvi‡Zi g‡a¨ hvZvqv‡Zi iv¯—v| gMa ivRÏ
wQj †ek myiw¶Z| M½v, †kvb I MÛK b`x Gi ivR¨‡K wZbw`K †_‡K wN‡iwQj| Gi d‡j †Kvb
eZ©gvb wenv‡ii `w¶Yvsk,
kÎ“‡`‡ki c‡¶ mnmv gMa AvµgY Kiv m¤¢e wQj bv| G iv‡Rï Avw` ivRavbx wQj LyeB
gyL¨Z cvUbv I Mqv †Rjv, myiw¶Z ¯’vb| Gi Pviw`‡K wQj cvnvo Ges cv_‡ii DuPz cÖvPxi| gM‡ai cieZ©x ivRavbx
cÖvPxbKv‡j gMa bv‡g cwiwPZ cvUjxcyÎI wQj myiw¶Z| Ggwb ai‡bi Ae¯’vbMZ †fŠ‡MvwjK myweavi Rb¨ gMa mn‡R
wQj cÖwZ‡ekx‡ì AvµgY Ki‡Zv; wKš‘ gMa‡K cÖwZ‡ekx ivR¨ AvµgY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| HwZnvwmK
e¨vkvg, †ivwgjv _vcvi cÖgyL M½v b`xi Dci gM‡ai wbqš¿Y Ges gM‡ai evwYwR¨K mg„w×i
D‡j−L K‡i e‡jb, gMa iv‡Rï ivResk¸wji †bZ…e„›` Lye mn‡RB mvgªvRëv`x ZrciZvq RwoZ
Ges mdj n‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb|
nl©¼-‰kïbvM es‡ki wew¤^mvi, gM‡ai cÖvavb¨

ARvZkÎ“ Ges b›ès‡ki †gŠh©‡ì c~‡e© `ywU weL¨vZ ivResk gM‡a ivRZ¡ K‡ib e‡j Rvbv hvq - G¸wj n‡jv nl©¼-
gnvcÙb›` I abb›` n‡”Qb ‰kïbvM esk Ges b›` esk| nl©¼-‰kïbvM es‡ki wew¤^mvi, ARvZkÎ“ Ges b›ès‡ki
cÖwm× ivRv gnvcÙb›` I abb›` n‡”Qb cÖwm× ivRv| wew¤^mvi (545 ev 543 wLª: c~e©vã) gM‡ai mvgªvR¨
we¯—vi bxwZi exR ecb K‡ib| †Mvôx kvwmZ ˆmb¨`j †f‡½ w`‡q wZwb m¤ú~Y© Zvui AbyMZ GK
†mbvevwnbx MVb K‡ib| mvgwiK msMVb Ges êevwnK m¤ú‡K©i wfwË‡Z wew¤^mvi †Rviv‡jvfv‡e
†eŠ× kv¯¿ Abymv‡i wew¤^mvi‡K ivR¨ we¯—vi Pvwj‡q hvb| †eŠ× kv¯¿ Abymv‡i wew¤^mvi‡K nZ¨v K‡i ZvuiB cyÎ ARvZkÎ“ gM‡ai
nZ¨v K‡i ZvuiB cyÎ
ARvZkÎæ gM‡ai wmsnvm‡b
wmsnvm‡b e‡mb| wZwbI wcZvi g‡ZvB ivR¨ we¯—vi bxwZ A¶zbœ iv‡Lb| †Kvkj iv‡Rï mv‡_
e‡mb| gM‡ai hy× ARvZkÎ“i kvmbKv‡ji Ab¨Zg cÖavb NUbv| cÖK…Zc‡¶ M½vi Dci evwYwR¨K
AvwacZ¨ wb‡qB gMa †Kvk‡ji jovB nq e‡j HwZnvwmK e¨vkvg g‡b K‡ib| Gfv‡e wew¤^mvi
I ARvZkÎ“ gM‡ai mvgªvR¨mxgv A‡bK `~i evwo‡q †`b| M½v I Zvi kvLv b`xi Dci gM‡ai
AvwacZ¨ ¯’vwcZ nq|
nl©¼-‰kïbvM es‡ki ci gnvcÙb›` cÖwZôv K‡ib b›` es‡ki kvmb| wMÖK m~‡Î GB ivRv‡K
ÔAvMÖv‡gmÕ ejv n‡q‡Q| Zvu‡K Ôme©¶wÎ‡qv‡”QËvÕ ev mKj ¶wÎq ivRvi DrLvZKvix wn‡m‡eI
AvL¨v †`qv n‡q‡Q| †eŠ× m~Î g‡Z, wZwb wQ‡jb ÔDMÖ‡mbvÕ ev fqsKi †mbv`‡ji AwacwZ|
nl©¼-‰kïbvM es‡ki ci gnvcÙb›` †Kej we‡RZv wQ‡jb bv| mvgªv‡Rï msMVK wnmv‡eI wZwb K…wZZ¡ †`Lvb| wZwb
gnvcÙb›` cÖwZôv K‡ib b›` gnvcvÎ, cÖv‡`wkK I ivóªxq cÖf…wZ Kg©Pvwi‡ì gva¨‡g mvgªvR¨ kvm‡bi eë¯’v K‡ib| Lvi‡ej
es‡ki kvmb| wkjvwjwc‡Z gnvc‡Ùi wKQy RbwnZKi Kv‡Ri cwiPq cvIqv hvq| abb›` wQ‡jb b›ès‡ki
me©‡kl ivRv| wZwb AZ¨vPvix Ges A_©wjáy wnmv‡e BwZnv‡m wbw›`Z| h‡Zv`~i Rvbv hvq, 20
nvRvi Ak¦v‡ivnx, 2 j¶ c`vwZK, 2 nvRvi i_ I 3 nvRvi iYn¯—x wb‡q MwVZ wekvj
ˆmbëvwnbxi e¨q wbe©v‡ni Rb¨ abb›` K‡ii nvi e„w× K‡iwQ‡jb| AwZwi³ K‡ii †evSv Pvwc‡q
†`qvq Zvui wei“‡× K‡qKwU cÖRvwe‡`ªvn n‡qwQj e‡j Rvbv hvq|
myZivs †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi ivR‰bwZK HK¨Ki‡Yi cÖqv‡m gMa ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f‚wgKv
cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi ivR‰bwZK cvjb K‡i‡Q| GKwU ¶z`ª ivR¨ n‡Z GK kw³kvjx mvgªvR¨ iƒ‡c gM‡ai DËi‡Yi g~‡j wQj
HK¨Ki‡Yi cÖqv‡m gMa
¸i“Z¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb
wew¤^mvi †_‡K gnvcÙb›` ch©š— wewfbœ kvm‡Ki mvgwiK K…wZZ¡ I ivR‰bwZK †hvM¨Zv| wKš‘
K‡i‡Q| †kl w`‡K b›` ivRv‡ì ˆbwZK Ae¶q Ges A_©‡bwZK I ivR‰bwZK A‡hvM¨Zv cÖKUfv‡e
cÖKvwkZ nq| P›`ª¸ß †gŠh© Ges †KŠwUj¨ Gi cwic~Y© my‡hvM MÖnY K‡ib Ges b›` es‡ki
kvm‡bi Aemvb NwU‡q cÖvPxb fvi‡Z †gŠh© mvgªvR¨ cÖwZwôZ K‡ib|
mvi-ms‡¶c wLª÷c~e© lô A‡ã fvi‡Z †Kvb ALÛ me©fviZxq ivR¨ wQj bv| G mg‡q fvi‡Zi wewfbœ
AÂj 16wU ivR¨ ev †lvok gnvRbc‡` wef³ wQj| G ivR¨¸wji g‡a¨ †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb,
A_©‰bwZK mg„w× Ges ivR‰bwZK †hvM¨Zve‡j gMa e„nr kw³ wn‡m‡e Avwef‚©Z nq| µ‡gB
gM‡ai †bZ…‡Z¡ cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi mvgªvRëv`x ZrciZv weKvk jvf K‡i| cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi
ivR‰bwZK H‡Kï weKvkI Zivwš^Z nq| Ggwb ai‡bi ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’vi †cÖ¶vc‡U †gŠh©
mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôv jvf K‡i|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 7.1

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
1| cÖvPxb fvi‡Z ivR‰bwZK H‡Kï weKvk ïi“ nq−
K. wLª÷c~e© `kg kZvãx‡Z|
L. wLª÷c~e© †lvok kZvãx‡Z|
M. wLª÷c~e© lô kZvãx‡Z|
N. wLª÷c~e© PZz_© kZvãx‡Z|
2| cÖvPxb fvi‡Z mvgªvRëv‡ì weKvk nq †h ivR¨‡K †K›`ª K‡i Zvi bvg−
K. Aeš—x|
L. MvÜvi|
M. Kv‡¤^vR|
N. gMa|
3| †lvok gnvRbc‡ì g‡a¨ †h PviwU ivR¨ cÖavb n‡q I‡V, †m¸‡jv n‡”Q−
K. †Kvkj, gj−, gMa I Kzi“|
L. †Kvkj, grm¨, gMa I erm|
M. †Kvkj, Aeš—x, erm I gMa|
N. †Kvkj, MvÜvi, Aeš—x I gMa|
4| wew¤^mvi ivRv wQ‡jb−
K. †gŠh© es‡ki|
L. b›` es‡ki|
M. nl©¼-‰kïbvM es‡ki|
N. ¸ß es‡ki|
5| Ôme©¶wÎ‡qv‡”QËvÕ Dcvwaavix ivRvi bvg−
K. ARvZ kÎ“|
L. wew¤^mvi|
M. gnvcÙb›`|
N. abb›`|
6| iv‡Rï wei“‡× ARvZkÎ“ hy× K‡ib−

K. Aeš—x|
L. †Kvkj|
M. Kv‡¤^vR|
N. MvÜvi|
7| ivRvi KvQ †_‡K †gŠh©iv ¶gZv jvf K‡ib−
K. abb›`|
L. gnvcÙ b›`|
M. D`qf`ª|
N. wkïbvM|
msw¶ß−DËi cÖkœ
1. mvgªvRëv`x kw³ iƒ‡c gM‡ai Afz¨Ìvb Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|
2. wLª÷c~e© lô A‡ã fvi‡Zi ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’vi D‡j−Lc~e©K †gŠh© mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôvi cUf‚wg
eY©bv Ki“b|
P›`ª¸ß †gŠh©
cvV 2
D‡Ïk¨
◗ fvi‡Zi cÖ_g e„nr mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôv m¤^‡Ü weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ mvgªv‡Rï cÖwZôvZv P›`ª¸ß †gŠ‡h©i Rxebx I K…wZZ¡ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ P›`ª¸ß †gŠ‡h©i kvmb eë¯’vi weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
b›` I †gŠh©¨ mvgªvR¨
P›`ª¸ß †gŠh©
cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi ivR‰bwZK H‡Kï weKvk aviv m¤ú‡K© Avcbviv Av‡Mi cv‡V †R‡b‡Qb| Av‡iv
†R‡b‡Qb †gŠh© mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôvi †cÖ¶vcU| GB †gŠh© mvgªv‡Rï cÖwZôvZv cyi“l n‡”Qb P›`ª¸ß
†gŠh©| Zvui ivRZ¡Kvj wLª÷c~e© 322-298 Aã ch©š—| cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi cÖ_g ¸i“Z¡c~Y© b„cwZ
wn‡m‡e Zvui Avmb BwZnv‡m wbw`©ó n‡q Av‡Q| P›`ª¸ß †gŠh©B cÖvPxb fvi‡Z ALÛ HKë×
P›`ª¸ß †gŠh©B cÖvPxb fvi‡Z
ivR‰bwZK mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôvi c‡_ cÖ_g eo ai‡bi mdj c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡ib| Zvui mgq †_‡KB
ALÛ HKë× ivR‰bwZK
mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôvi c‡_ cÖ_g eo me©fviZxq wPš—v-‡PZbvi cÖmvi N‡U, †gŠh© kvmb eë¯’vi m~Pbv nq, †eŠ× a‡g©i cÖPvi-cÖmvi
ai‡bi mdj c`‡¶c MÖnY evo‡Z _v‡K, mvgvwRK †¶‡Î Avh©-Abv‡h©i cv_©K¨ µ‡gB Nyu‡P †h‡Z ïi“ K‡i Ges wkí-
K‡ib| ms¯‹…wZi †¶‡ÎI ¸YMZ cwieZ©‡bi m~Pbv nq| fviZe‡l©i BwZnv‡m ZvB †gŠh© hy‡Mi ¸i“Z¡
†hgb Acwimxg, †Zgwb cÖ_g †gŠh© mgªvU P›`ª¸ß †gŠ‡h©i Ae`vbI Ab¯^xKvh©|
P›`ª¸ß †gŠh© m¤ú‡K© Rvbvi Rb¨ †ek K‡qKwU Drm i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wmwiqvi wMÖK ivRv
†mjyKv‡mi `~Z †gMvw¯’wb‡mi weeiY, P›`ª¸‡ßi gš¿x PvYK¨ ev weòz¸ß ev †KŠwU‡jï ÔA_©kv¯¿Õ
MÖš’, wKQy wjwc Ges Aci †ek wKQy †eŠ× I ˆRb mvwnZ¨ Ges cyivY cÖf…wZ ms¯‹…Z Drm †_‡K
P›`ª¸ß †gŠ‡h©i kvmbKvjxb fviZ m¤ú‡K© g~jëvb Z_¨ Rvbv hvq|
cÖ_g Rxeb I mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôv

P›`ª¸ß †gŠ‡h©i esk cwiPq m¤ú‡K© gZ‡f` Av‡Q| †Kvb †Kvb m~‡Î Rvbv hvq- wZwb k~`ª
Mf©RvZ; Avevi Aci wKQy m~‡Î D‡j−L Av‡Q wZwb Ô†gvwiqÕ bvgK ¶wÎq eskRvZ| wØZxq
gZvgZB HwZnvwmK‡ì Kv‡Q †ewk MÖnY‡hvM¨| GKvwaK m~Î we‡k−lY K‡i †evSv hvq †h, cÖ_g
Rxe‡b P›`ª¸ß †ek K‡ói g‡a¨ Rxeb KvUvb| ˆkk‡e GK mxgvš— hy‡× Zvui wcZ…we‡qvM N‡U Gs
gv‡qi mv‡_ wZwb cvUjxcy‡Î Av‡mb| GLv‡b wZwb †Mv-PviY Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ nb| Kw_Z Av‡Q,
PvYK¨ (gZvš—‡i †KŠwUj¨) bvgK GKRb eªvþY P›`ª¸ß †gŠh©‡K Z¶kxjvq wb‡q hvb Ges
b›ès‡ki kvmb D‡”Q` K‡i
gM‡a †gŠh© mvgªv‡Rï m~Pbv mvgwiK I ivóªwe`¨vq wkw¶Z K‡i †Zv‡jb| Gici P›`ª¸ß cybivq Av‡mb cvUjxcyÎ bMix‡Z|
K‡ib P›`ª-¸ß †gŠh©| GLv‡b ZLb kvmb KiwQ‡jb b›ìvR abb›`| abb‡›ì AZ¨vPv‡i Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ †mmgq
cÖPÛ †¶vf `vbv †eu‡awQj| abb‡›ì wei“‡× wMÖK‡ì mvnvh¨ Kvgbv K‡i P›`ª¸ß e¨_© nb|
gM‡ai mvgwMÖK Ae¯’v ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i P›`ª¸ß †gŠh© PvY‡Kï mnvqZvq AwP‡iB GK ˆmbëvwnbx
MVb K‡ib| abb‡›ì ˆmb¨‡ì m‡½ cÖ_g `yBevi hy‡× civwRZ nevi ci Z…Zxqev‡ii hy‡×
P›`ª¸ß cvUjxcyÎ AwaKvi K‡ib| Gfv‡eB b›ès‡ki kvmb D‡”Q` K‡i gM‡a †gŠh© mvgªv‡Rï
m~Pbv K‡ib P›`ª¸ß †gŠh©| wZwb wVK †Kvb& eQi wmsnvm‡b e‡mwQ‡jb wbwðZ K‡i Zv ejv hvq
bv| Z‡e g‡b Kiv nq, Av‡jKRvÛv‡i g„Zzï KvQvKvwQ †Kvb GK mg‡q wZwb nq‡Zv gM‡ai
wmsnvm‡b e‡mb|
mvgªvR¨ mxgv
P›`ª¸ß †gŠh© wQ‡jb GKRb D”PvKv•¶x mvgwiK e¨w³Z¡| wZwb Zvui mvgªvR¨mxgv‡K we¯—…Z Kivi
`„p cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| c~e© w`‡K wZwb evsjv †_‡K ïi“ K‡i cwð‡g wn›`yKzk Ges DË‡i
c~e© w`‡K wZwb evsjv †_‡K
wngvjq †_‡K ïi“ K‡i `w¶‡Y bg©`v ev weÜ¨ ce©Z ch©š— Zvui mvgªvR¨mxgv e„w× K‡ib| K‡qKwU
ïi“ K‡i cwð‡g wn›`yKzk Ges Zvwgj Drm †_‡K AbywgZ nq, wZwb m¤¢eZ fvi‡Zi me©`w¶YcÖv‡š—I mvgªvR¨ we¯—vi Ki‡Z m¶g
DË‡i wngvjq †_‡K ïi“ K‡i n‡qwQ‡jb| P›`ª¸ß †gŠh© wQ‡jb fviZ †_‡K wMÖK‡ì weZvob Kivi e¨vcv‡i D‡`¨vMx|
`w¶‡Y bg©`v ev weÜ¨ ce©Z Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii g„Zzï ci Zvui Ab¨Zg cÖavb †mbvcwZ †mjyKvm wLª÷c~e© 305 A‡ã wMÖK
ch©š— Zvui mvgªvR¨mxgv e„w× AvwacZ¨ cyb:cÖwZôvq AMÖmi nb| Gmgq P›`ª¸‡ßi mv‡_ †mjyKv‡mi msNl© nq Ges h‡Zv`~i
K‡ib|
Rvbv hvq- †mjyKvm G hy‡× civ¯— nb| hy‡×i †Kvb we¯—vwiZ weeiY †Kv_vI cvIqv hvq bv; wKš‘
wMÖK HwZnvwmK ÷ªv‡ev †KejgvÎ mwÜ ¯^v¶‡ii K_v D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb| hv cÖKvivš—‡i P›`ª¸ß
†gŠ‡h©i Rqjv‡fiB Bw½Zevnx| †mjyKv‡mi civRq A_©vr fvi‡Z wMÖK kvm‡bi Aemvb NwU‡q
P›`ª¸ß cÖvq 6 j¶ ˆm‡bï evwnbx wb‡q cwðg fvi‡Zi gvje I †mŠivóª Zvui mvgªvR¨fz³ K‡ib|
GBfv‡e cÖvPxb fvi‡Z me©cÖ_g e„nr mvgªvR¨ MVb K‡i P›`ª¸ß †gŠh© BwZnv‡m weL¨vZ n‡q
Av‡Qb|
kvmb eë¯’v
†KejgvÎ we‡RZv wn‡m‡eB bq, mvgªvR¨ msMVK I kvmK wn‡m‡e P›`ª¸ß †gŠh© wQ‡jb weij
K…wZ‡Z¡i AwaKvix| wZwbB me©cÖ_g fvi‡Z cÖRvKj¨vYKvgx kvmbeë¯’vi AvbyôvwbK cÖKvk
cÖRv‡ì g½j weavb‡K wZwb NUvb| ÔcÖRvi cÖwZ ivRvi KZ©e¨Õ msµvš— aviYv P›`ª¸ß Zvui kvmb eë¯’vi gva¨‡g cÖwZwôZ
ÔivRKZ©e¨Õ wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb mvivw`b ivRmfvq e‡m cÖRv‡ì AvwR© ïb‡Zb I wePvi Ki‡Zb| cÖRv‡ì g½j
K‡iwQ‡jb| weavb‡K wZwb ÔivRKZ©e¨Õ wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| P›`ª¸ß †gŠh© gš¿x‡ì civgk© wb‡q ivR¨
kvmb Ki‡Zb| Zvui Avg‡j m¤¢eZ 4wU cÖ‡`k wQj| cÖ‡`k¸wj Avevi wef³ wQj K‡qKwU †Rjv
ev wel‡q| me©wb‡æ wQj MÖvg| P›`ª¸ß †gŠh© †K‡›`ªi mv‡_ cÖ‡`k I wel‡qi Kvh©Ki mgš^q ¯’vcb
Ki‡Z m¶g n‡qwQ‡jb|
K…wZZ¡
†hv×v, my`¶ kvmK I
cÖRvwn‰Zlx ivRv wn‡m‡e †hv×v, my`¶ kvmK I cÖRvwn‰Zlx ivRv wn‡m‡e P›`ª¸ß †gŠh© fviZxq mgªvUM‡Yi g‡a¨ GKRb
P›`ª¸ß †gŠh© fviZxq †kªô mgªvU e‡j ¯^xK…Z n‡q‡Qb| mvgvb¨ Ae¯’v n‡Z wZwb h‡_ó kw³ mÂq Ki‡Z m¶g nb Ges
mgªvUM‡Yi g‡a¨ GKRb †kªô AZ¨vPvix b›ìvR‡K civf‚Z K‡i myk„sLj mvgªvR¨ MVb Ges myôz kvmbeë¯’v cÖYqb K‡ib|
mgªvU e‡j ¯^xK…Z n‡q‡Qb| Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii ivR¨we¯—vi cÖqv‡mi Aemvb NwU‡q wZwb DËi-cwðg AÂj‡K ê‡`wkK kvmb
n‡Z gy³ K‡ib| wMÖK‡ì‡K civwRZ K‡i wZwb fviZe‡l©i ivR‰bwZK mxgv cvim¨ mxgvš— ch©š—
fviZe‡l©i †fŠ‡MvwjK mxgvi cÖmvwiZ K‡ib| GKB mv‡_ wZwb wMÖK‡ì eÜzZ¡ AR©‡bI m¶g nb| GB eÜzZ¡ wZb (3)
g‡a¨ P›`ªmyß me©cÖ_g e„nËg cÖRb¥Kvj ¯’vqx n‡qwQj| fviZe‡l©i †fŠ‡MvwjK mxgvi g‡a¨ P›`ª¸ß me©cÖ_g e„nËg mvgªvR¨
mvgªvR¨ ¯’vcb K‡ib Ges
êw`K hyM n‡Z fviZxq‡ì ¯’vcb K‡ib Ges êw`K hyM n‡Z fviZxq‡ì g‡a¨ H‡Kï †h ¯^cœ we`¨gvb wQj Zv mdj
g‡a¨ H‡Kï †h ¯^cœ we`¨gvb K‡ib| ivR¨kvm‡bi myeë¯’v K‡i wZwb Zvui w`wM¦Rq‡K ¯’vqx iƒc †`b| we‡`kx †jLKMY ch©š—
wQj Zv mdj K‡ib| Zvui kvmb eë¯’vi f~qmx cÖksmv K‡i †M‡Qb| cÖK…Zc‡¶ Rbmvavi‡Yi Kj¨vY mvabB wQj
P›`ª¸ß †gŠ‡h©i kvmbeë¯’vi g~jbxwZ| wk¶v I ms¯‹…wZi weKv‡kI Zvui Ae`vb j¶Yxq|
†`nZ¨vM
P›`ª¸ß †gŠh© m¤¢eZ 24 eQi ivRZ¡ K‡ib| ˆRb m~Î †_‡K Rvbv hvq †h, cici K‡qK eQi
Abve„wói ì“b `ywf©¶ n‡j P›`ª¸ß wmsnvmb Z¨vM K‡ib Ges gnxk~‡ii kªveY‡ejv‡Mvjv bvgK
¯’v‡b Abkb K‡i ˆRbixwZ‡Z g„ZzëiY K‡ib|
mvi-ms‡¶c cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡m cÖ_g mvgªvRëv`x cyi“l n‡jb P›`ª¸ß †gŠh©| wZwbB n‡jb
me©fviZxq mvgªv‡Rï cÖ_g mdj iƒcKvi| AwZ mvgvb¨ Ae¯’v n‡Z DËiY NwU‡q wZwb
mvgªvR¨ wbg©vZv wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K cÖwZwôZ K‡ib| †gMvw¯’wb‡mi ÔBwÛKvÕ MÖ‡š’ P›`ª¸‡ßi
e¨w³MZ Rxeb I kvmb eë¯’vi we¯—…Z eY©bv Av‡Q| wMÖK kvmb †_‡K wZwb fviZf‚wg‡K gy³
K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb c~‡e© e½‡`k ev evsjv †_‡K cwð‡g wn›`yKzk ce©Z Ges DË‡i wngvjq
†_‡K `w¶‡Y weÜ¨ ce©Z ch©š— ivR¨mxgv we¯—…Z K‡ib| Zvui ivRavbx cvUjxcyÎ wQj my›ì
Ges wekvj GK cÖvmv` bMix| 24 eQi ivRZ¡ Kivi ci wZwb †¯^”Qvq ¶gZv Z¨vM K‡ib e‡j
Rvbv hvq| cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi mvgªvR¨ MV‡bi BwZnv‡m P›`ª¸ß †gŠh© cy‡ivav Avm‡b AwawôZ|

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
1| Ô†KŠwUj¨Õ iwPZ MÖš’wUi bvg−
K. BwÛKv|
L. A_©kv¯¿|
M. gy`ªviv¶m|
N. ivgPwiZg&|
2| Ô†gMvw¯’wbmÕ wQ‡jb−
K. Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii cÖavb †mbvcwZ|
L. †mjyKv‡mi cÖavb †mbvcwZ|
M. Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii †cÖwiZ `~Z|
N. †mjyKv‡mi †cÖwiZ `~Z|
3| P›`ª¸ß †gŠh©‡K mdj n‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i−
K. Av‡jKRvÛvi|
L. †mjyKvm|
M. †KvwUj¨|
N. abb›`|
4| P›`ª¸‡ßi mv‡_ †mjyKv‡mi hy× nq−
K. wLª÷c~e© 305 A‡ã|
L. 305 wLª÷v‡ã|
M. wLª÷c~e© 205 A‡ã|
N. 205 wLª÷v‡ã|
5| P›`ª¸ß †gŠ‡h©i kvmb eë¯’vi g~jbxwZ−
K. mvgªv‡Rï cwiwa e„w× Kiv|
L. Rbmvavi‡Yi Kj¨vY mvab Kiv|
M. mvgªv‡Rï ¯’vwqZ¡ wbwðZ Kiv|
N. Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ Lvevi weZiY Kiv|
6| P›`ª¸ß †gŠh© g„ZzëiY K‡ib−
K. fMevb †Mvjvq|
L. cvUjx cy‡Î|
M. kªveY †ejv †Mvjvq|
N. Z¶kxjvq|
7| P›`ª ¸ß †gŠ‡h©i esk cwiPq m¤ú‡K© AwaKZi MÖnY‡hvM¨ gZvgZ n‡”Q−
K. P›`ª¸ß †gŠh© k~`ª Mf©RvZ|
L. P›`ª¸ß †gŠh© eªvþY Mf©RvZ|
M. P›`ª¸ß †gŠh© ¶wÎq Mf©RvZ|
N. P›`ª¸ß †gŠh© êk¨ Mf©RvZ|
1. P›`ª¸ß †gŠ‡h©i cwiPq w`b|

2. P›`ª¸ß †gŠ‡h©i cÖv_wgK Rxeb I mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôvi BwZnvm ms‡¶‡c wjLyb|
3. P›`ª¸ß †gŠ‡h©i kvmb eë¯’v †Kgb wQj?
gnvgwZ A‡kvK
cvV 3
D‡Ïk¨
◗ mgªvU A‡kv‡Ki Rxebx I K…wZZ¡ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ A‡kvK cÖewZ©Z Ôa¤§Õ bxwZ Kx Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡m Zvui †kªô‡Z¡i weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
cÖv_wgK Rxeb I wmsnvmb Av‡ivnY

cÖvPxb fviZ Z_v cÖvPxb c„w_exi BwZnv‡m Ab¨Zg †kªô kvmK wn‡m‡e A‡kvK ¯^xK…Z n‡q‡Qb|
BwZnvm cÖwm× gnvgwZ A‡kvK wLª÷c~e© 273 †_‡K 232 Aã ch©š— fviZ kvmb K‡ib| †gŠh©
mvgªv‡Rï cÖwZôvZv mgªvU P›`ª¸ß †gŠ‡h©i †cŠÎ, b„cwZ we›`ymv‡ii cyÎ A‡kvK †gŠh©eskxq Z…Zxq
kvmK| wcZvi RxweZKv‡j wZwb
BwZnvm cÖwm× gnvgwZ A‡kvK
Z¶kxjv I D¾wqbxi kvmKiƒ‡c
wLª÷c~e© 273 †_‡K 232 Aã h‡_ó cÖkvmwbK AwfÁZv AR©b
ch©š— fviZ kvmb K‡ib| K‡ib| wLª÷c~e© 273 A‡ã
we›`ymv‡ii g„Zzï ci Zvui cyÎ‡ì
g‡a¨ wmsnvmb wb‡q we‡iva ïi“
wmsnjx DcvL¨vb n‡Z Rvbv nq| wmsnjx DcvL¨vb n‡Z Rvbv
hvq †h, mgªvU A‡kvK bvwK hvq †h, mgªvU A‡kvK bvwK Zvui
Zvui wmsnvmb wbivc` Kivi wmsnvmb wbivc` Kivi Rb¨ 99
Rb¨ 99 Rb fvB‡K nZ¨v Rb fvB‡K nZ¨v K‡iwQ‡jb| GB
K‡iwQ‡jb|
wbôzi Kvh©Kjv‡ci Rb¨ A‡kvK
ZLb ÔPÛv‡kvKÕ bv‡g AwfwnZ nb|
99 Rb‡K nZ¨v K‡i ¶gZv n¯—MZ
Kiv m¤ú‡K© A‡b‡KB m‡›`n
†cvlY Ki‡jI Aš—Z GK_v wbwðZ
K‡i ejv hvq †h, wmsnvmb jvf
Ki‡Z A‡kvK DËivwaKvix
cÖwZØw›ØZvq Rwo‡q c‡owQ‡jb|
†ek wKQy g~jëvb Dcv`vb n‡Z
gnvgwZ A‡kv‡Ki BwZnvm Rvbv
hvq| G¸wji g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Zvui
wkjvwjwcgvjv, wmsnjx †eŠ×MÖš’
ÔgnveskÕ I Ô`xceskÕ, Ab¨vb¨
†eŠ× DcvL¨vb I MÖš’vw`|
A‡kvK ¯—¤¢
Kwj½ Rq
P›`ª¸ß †gŠh© Ges we›`ymv‡ii c_ a‡i A‡kvK Zvui mvgªvR¨ we¯—v‡ii KvR Pvwj‡q hvb|
ivR¨vwf‡l‡Ki AvU eQyi ci A‡kvK Kwj½ hy‡× e¨vc„Z nb| Zvui ivR‡Z¡i me©cÖavb NUbv wQj
A‡kvK `w¶Y fvi‡Z hvevi GB Kwj½ hy×| Kwj½ ej‡Z Dwol¨vi DËivs‡k MÄvg †Rjvi wKQy Ask †evSvq| Kwj½
¯’j I Rjc_‡K wbisKzk
Kivi Rb¨B Kwj½ Rq K‡ib| Avµg‡Yi †Kvb mywbw`©ó KviY A‡kv‡Ki wkjvwjwc‡Z cvIqv hvq wb| HwZnvwmK †ivwgjv _vcvi
wZeŸZxq weei‡Yi D×…wZ w`‡q e‡jb, A‡kvK `w¶Y fvi‡Z hvevi ¯’j I Rjc_‡K wbisKzk
Kivi Rb¨B Kwj½ Rq K‡ib| Z‡e Ab¨vb¨ Av‡iv wKQy KviY A‡kvK‡K Kwj½ Avµg‡Y DØy×
K‡iwQj| GB Kwj½ hy× A‡kv‡Ki a¨vb-aviYv, ivR¨kvmb BZ¨vw` †¶‡Î cÖej cÖfve †d‡j|
Kwj½ hy‡×i wekvj ¶q-¶wZ‡Z A‡kv‡Ki g‡b Zxeª Aby‡kvPbvi m„wó nq Î‡qv`k wkjvwjwc‡Z
A‡kvK e‡j‡Qb, Kwj½ hy‡× A‡kvK e‡j‡Qb, Kwj½ hy‡× GK j¶ †jvK wbnZ, †ò j¶ †jvK e›`x Ges Av‡iv eû‡jvK
GK j¶ †jvK wbnZ, †ò wkKvi nq bvbviKg `y‡f©v‡Mi| Gfv‡e Kwj½ †gŠh© mvgªvR¨fz³ nq mZ¨, wKš‘ Rxeb I bxwZ
j¶ †jvK e›`x Ges Av‡iv m¤ú‡K© A‡kv‡Ki g‡bvfv‡e P‡j Av‡m Avg~j cwieZ©b| Gici †_‡K A‡kvK ÔciivR¨ MÖnY
eû‡jvK wkKvi nq bvbviKg
bxwZÕ cwiZ¨vM K‡ib Ges Gi cwie‡Z© mvg¨, ˆgÎx, mvgvwRK AMÖMwZ I ag©cÖPv‡ii hyM ïi“
`y‡f©v‡Mi|
nq| A‡kvK n‡q I‡Vb ˆgÎx I Awnsmvi g~Z© cÖZxK| wZwbB me©cÖ_g ivRKxq KZ©e¨‡K
cÖRvM‡Yi cÖwZ FY cwi‡kva wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡ib| AvgjvZš¿wbf©iZvi Aemvb NwU‡q ivóª
eë¯’v‡K AwaKZi RbKj¨vYKvgx K‡i †Zv‡jb| ivóªbxwZi Dci Kwj½ R‡qi GB n‡jv
Zvrch©c~Y© cÖwZwµqv|
Kwj½ R‡qi ci A‡kvK †eŠ× ag© MÖnY K‡ib| mgªv‡Ui ag©vš—‡ii d‡j ivRcwiev‡ii wPivPwiZ
cÖ_v I Abyôv‡bi we‡kl cwieZ©b N‡U| iv‡Rï me©Î cÖvYxnZ¨v wbwl× Kiv nq| wbwl× Kiv nq
Kwj½ R‡qi ci A‡kvK †eŠ× cïewji cÖ_vI| gvbyl Ges cïi Rb¨ wPwKrmvjq ¯’vcb, ag© gnvgvÎ bv‡g bZzb Kg©Pvwi
ag© MÖnY K‡ib|
wb‡qvM, Av‡gv`-cÖ‡gv`g~jK Abyôvb Lvivc KvR e‡j †NvlYv BZ¨vwì gva¨‡g A‡kvK beiƒ‡c
Avwef‚©Z nb| Kw_Z Av‡Q †h, wZwb cvUjxcyÎ bMix‡Z †eŠ×bxwZmg~n msKj‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ GK
†eŠ× msMxwZI Avnevb K‡iwQ‡jb| Aek¨ gnvgwZ A‡kv‡Ki ivR¨ kvmbbxwZi cwieZ©b m¤ú‡K©
HwZnvwmK †ivwgjv _vcvi, wW, wW, †Kvkv¤^x cÖgyL g‡b K‡ib, bZzb bxwZ MÖn‡Yi g~j D‡Ïk¨ wQj
A‡kv‡Ki wkjvwjwc‡Z cÖ`Ë hy× Qvov Ab¨ Dcv‡q mvgªv‡Rï msMVb‡K gReyZ Kiv| Kwj½ hy‡×i fqvenZvq A‡kvK
e¨vL¨v Abymv‡i Ôa¤§Õ (ag©) A_© cÖK…Zc‡¶ K‡ZvUzKz gvbweK n‡qwQ‡jb Zv A‡b‡Ki Kv‡QB cÖkœmv‡c¶|
n‡jv ÔKj¨vYg~jK KvRÕ,
Ô`yðwiÎZv n‡Z gyw³Õ, Ô`qvÕ, A‡kv‡Ki Ôa¤§Õ I ag©cÖPvi
Ô`vbÕ, ÔmZëvw`ZvÕ, ÔcweÎZvÕ
A‡kv‡Ki wkjvwjwc‡Z cÖ`Ë e¨vL¨v Abymv‡i Ôa¤§Õ (ag©) A_© n‡jv ÔKj¨vYg~jK KvRÕ, Ô`yðwiÎZv
I Ôg„`yZvÕ|
n‡Z gyw³Õ, Ô`qvÕ, Ô`vbÕ, ÔmZëvw`ZvÕ, ÔcweÎZvÕ I Ôg„`yZvÕ| Ôa¤§Õ AvPiY Ki‡Z n‡j GB
¸Y¸wji Abykxjb Ki‡Z n‡e| Ôa¤§Õ wQj A‡kv‡Ki wbR¯^ Avwe®‹vi| wn›`y I †eŠ× fveavivi
A‡kv‡Ki Ôa¤§Õ bxwZi g~j mgš^‡q wZwb a‡¤§i ˆbwZK wbqg¸wj iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb| †Kvb RwUj `vk©wbK Z‡Ë¡i K_v bv e‡j
j¶¨ wQj gvby‡li g‡b
mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡‡eva I A‡kvK ˆbwZK I ag©xq AvPi‡Yi DciB †Rvi †`b| Wt i‡gkP›`ª gRyg`vi g‡b K‡ib, A‡kvK
m‡PZbZv RvMÖZ K‡i †Zvjv| a‡g©i bv‡g hv cÖPvi K‡iwQ‡jb Zv wQj cÖK…Zc‡¶ ˆbwZK Abykvmb| Avevi †ivwgjv _vcvi GB
AwfgZ e¨³ K‡i‡Qb †h, A‡kv‡Ki Ôa¤§Õ bxwZi g~j j¶¨ wQj gvby‡li g‡b mvgvwRK
A‡kv‡Ki wewfbœ wjwc‡Z `vwqZ¡‡eva I m‡PZbZv RvMÖZ K‡i †Zvjv| A‡kv‡Ki e¨w³MZ ag©gZ wQj †eŠ×ag© G‡Z †Kvb
GBme AvPiYwewai K_v †jLv m‡›`n Kiv P‡j bv| wKš‘ wZwb Zvui Ôa¤§Õ cÖPv‡ii gva¨‡g Amv¤úÖ`vwqKZvi cÖmvi NUvb Ges
Av‡Q; G¸wj n‡”Q cÖvYx nZ¨v fviZevmx‡K GK m~‡Î evuavi †Póv K‡ib| cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡m GB NUbv wb:m‡›`‡n GK
†_‡K weiZ _vKv, wk¶K Av‡jvwKZ Aa¨vq| e¨w³ Rxe‡bi cwiïw× Ges mgvR Rxe‡b msnwZ I HK¨ eRvq ivLvi j‡¶¨
¸i“Rb, wcZv-gvZvi cÖwZ
A‡kvK KZ¸wj AvPiYwewa wb‡`©k K‡ib| A‡kv‡Ki wewfbœ wjwc‡Z GBme AvPiYwewai K_v
kª×v Ávcb, Aí mÂq I Aí
e¨q, Ab¨ a‡g©i wb›`v †_‡K †jLv Av‡Q; G¸wj n‡”Q cÖvYx nZ¨v †_‡K weiZ _vKv, wk¶K ¸i“Rb, wcZv-gvZvi cÖwZ kª×v
weiZ _vKv, gvby‡l gvby‡l Ávcb, Aí mÂq I Aí e¨q, Ab¨ a‡g©i wb›`v †_‡K weiZ _vKv, gvby‡l gvby‡l fv‡jvevmvi
fv‡jvevmvi m¤úK© †Rvi`vi m¤úK© †Rvi`vi Kiv, wnsmv I cvc †_‡K gy³ _vKv BZ¨vw`| A‡kv‡Ki Ôa¤§Õ G‡ZvUvB D`vi
Kiv, wnsmv I cvc †_‡K gy³ wQj †h wZwb mivmwi e‡jb, ÔmgMÖ gvbe RvwZi Kj¨vY mvab A‡c¶v gnr wKQy †bBÕ| wZwb
_vKv BZ¨vw`|
Av‡iv e‡jb, ÔmKj gvbyl Avgvi mš—vbÕ| A‡kv‡Ki c‡¶ GKv ag©cÖPvi Kiv m¤¢e wQj bv| ZvB
wZwb Ôag©gnvgvÎÕ bv‡g ivRKg©Pvwi wb‡qvM K‡ib| GQvov cÖwZ 5 eQi cici Zvui kvmbvaxb
Zvui mg‡q mgMÖ mvgªv‡Rï AÂ‡j Ny‡i Ny‡i a‡g©i evYx cÖPvi Kivi Rb¨ wZwb Zvui mg¯— eo eo Kg©Pvwi‡K wb‡`©k
cÖkvm‡bi g~jgš¿ wQj GiKg
w`‡qwQ‡jb| A‡kvK ag© cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ ag©¯—¤¢ ¯’vcb Ges ag©kªeY cÖ_vi cÖPjb K‡ib| `vbg~jK
Òü`qnxb kvmb bq, †mev -
Avµg‡Y bq, fv‡jvevmvq KvR‡K wZwb ag©cvjb e‡j MY¨ Ki‡Zb| Gfv‡e wkKvi, wejvmågY, Rjmv BZ¨vw` Z¨vM K‡i
A‡bï ü`q RqÓ| mgªvU A‡kvK mbœ¨vmx iƒ‡c RbKj¨v‡Y AvÍ wb‡qvM K‡ib| Zvui mg‡q mgMÖ mvgªv‡Rï cÖkvm‡bi
g~jgš¿ wQj GiKg Òü`qnxb kvmb bq, †mev - Avµg‡Y bq, fv‡jvevmvq A‡bï ü`q RqÓ|
A‡kv‡Ki mvgªvR¨ mxgv

A‡¯¿i e`‡j †mev I fv‡jvevmv w`‡q †MŠZgey‡×i Awnsmv I †cÖ‡gi gš¿ cÖPvi K‡i mgªvU
A‡kvK †`k-we‡`‡ki wewfbœ RvwZi ü`q Rq K‡ib e‡j AbwZwej‡¤^ Zvui mvgªvR¨ c~‡e© eªþcyÎ
b`x †_‡K cwð‡g Avie mvMi ch©š— we¯—vi jvf K‡i| Kveyj, †nivU, Kv›`vnvi Ges Kvk¥xi I
†bcv‡ji wKQy Ask mgªvU A‡kvK †MŠZg ey‡×i evYx cÖPvi Ki‡Z `~Z †cÖiY K‡ib e‡j D‡j−L
cvIqv hvq| wkjvwjwçwji cÖvwß¯’vb Ges wjwçwj‡Z †Lvw`Z Z_¨ Abyhvqx A‡kv‡Ki Avg‡j
†gŠh© mvgªv‡Rï mxgvbv m¤ú‡K© Dc‡iv³ aviYv jvf Kiv hvq|
A‡kv‡Ki mvgªvR¨
K…wZZ¡
HwZnvwmK GBP, wR, I‡qjm& e‡j‡Qb, ÔBwZnv‡mi cvZvq nvRvi nvRvi b„cwZM‡Yi g‡a¨
A‡kvKB GKgvÎ D¾¡j ZviKvÕ| HwZnvwmK †ngP›`ª ivq †PŠayixi g‡Z, ÔA‡kv‡Ki g‡a¨ wQj
P›`ª¸‡ßi D`¨g; mgy`ª¸‡ßi wewea cÖwZfv Ges AvKe‡ii J`vh©Õ| Ggwbfv‡e we‡k¦i A‡bK
ÔA‡kv‡Ki g‡a¨ wQj P›`ª¸‡ßi
HwZnvwmKB wb:ms‡Kv‡P A‡kvK‡K GKRb †kªô mgªvU e‡j AwfwnZ K‡ib| GKB m‡½ eû
D`¨g; mgy`ª¸‡ßi wewea ¸‡Yi mgš^q N‡UwQj e‡jB wZwb AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb †kªô‡Z¡i Avmb| A‡kvK wek¦bw›`Z mgªvU;
cÖwZfv Ges AvKe‡ii KviY kvmK-kvwm‡Zi m¤ú‡K©i me©Kvjxb Av`k© `„óvš— RM‡Zi mvg‡b wZwbB ¯’vcb K‡i
J`vh©Õ| †M‡Qb| ivRKZ©e¨ m¤ú‡K© A‡kv‡Ki wQj AwZ D”P aviYv| Zvui kw³, Drmvn, Aby‡cÖiYv I
MVbg~jK Kv‡Ri Dc‡hvMx ¶gZv m¤ú‡K© m‡›`‡ni †Kvb AeKvk †bB| Kwj½ hy‡×i mvdj¨
mgiKzkjx I ivRbxwZwe` wn‡m‡e Zvui †hvM¨ZviB cÖgvY †`q| ag©cÖPvi I RbwnZKi KvR Øviv
†K›`ªxq miKvi I mvaviY cÖRvi g‡a¨ Nwbó †hvM ¯’vcb K‡i wZwb mvgªv‡Rï wfwË my`„p K‡ib|
ÔwbR ag©‡K †kªô I ciag©‡K
wbK…ó Ávb bv Ki‡ZÕ wZwb HwZnvwmK †ivwgjv _vcvi hy× bxwZi cÖ‡qvRb wQj bv e‡j hy× Z¨vM Ges mvgªv‡Rï msnwZ e„w×
Zvui cÖRv‡ì cÖwZ civgk© Ki‡Z Dchy³ mg‡q AwnsmvbxwZi cÖeZ©b Kivq A‡kv‡Ki f‚qmx cÖksmv K‡ib| ag©‡¶‡Î
w`b| gvbweKZvi cÖwZ m¤§vb †`wL‡q A‡kvK BwZnv‡m weL¨vZ n‡q Av‡Qb| ag©xq msKxY©Zvi D‡aŸ©
D‡V wZwb gvbe ag©‡KB m‡e©v”P Avm‡b cÖwZwôZ K‡iwQ‡jb| ÔwbR ag©‡K †kªô I ciag©‡K wbK…ó
Ávb bv Ki‡ZÕ wZwb Zvui cÖRv‡ì cÖwZ civgk© w`b| fvi‡Zi evB‡i wbKUeZ©x †`k¸wj‡ZI
wZwb Rbmvavi‡Yi Kj¨vY mva‡bi Rb¨ hv K‡ib, BwZnv‡mi cvZvq Zv GKvš—B weij|
AwnsmvbxwZ cÖPvi K‡iB wZwb †c‡kvqvi †_‡K e½‡`k (evsjv) Ges Kvk¥xi n‡Z gnxk~i ch©š—
A‡kv‡Ki ag©cÖPv‡ii d‡jB
cvwj Ôme©fviZxq fvlvÕ we¯—xY© AÂ‡ji ivóªxq HK¨ I msnwZ eRvq ivL‡Z mg_© n‡qwQ‡jb| A‡kv‡Ki wjwcgvjv n‡Z
wn‡m‡e cÖwZôv cvq| Rvbv hvq †h, Zvui mg‡q fvi‡Z GK fvlv I GK kvmbeë¯’v cÖPwjZ wQj| A‡kv‡Ki
ag©cÖPv‡ii d‡jB cvwj Ôme©fviZxq fvlvÕ wn‡m‡e cÖwZôv cvq| ¯’vcZ¨ I fv¯‹h© wk‡íiI e¨vcK
cÖPjb gnvgwZ A‡kv‡Ki mgq ïi“ nq| Zvui wkjvwjwc I Abykvmb¸wj Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡b
Aby‡cÖiYv RvwM‡q Zzj‡Z m¶g nq|
A‡kv‡Ki g„Zz¨ I mvgªv‡Rï cZb

m¤¢eZ 40/42 eQi ivRZ¡ Kivi ci mgªvU A‡kvK wLª÷c~e© 232 A‡ã †`nZ¨vM K‡ib| Zvui
g„Zzï AíKvj c‡iB †gŠh© mvgªv‡Rï cZb N‡U| A‡b‡KB G cZ‡bi KviY AbymÜvb Ki‡Z
wM‡q gnvgwZ A‡kv‡Ki Ôhy× Z¨vM bxwZÕ ev ÔAwnsmv bxwZÕi mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib| Z‡e GKvwaK
¸i“Z¡c~Y© Kvi‡Y †gŠh© mvgªv‡Rï cZb N‡U e‡j g‡b Kiv nq| Gme Kvi‡Yi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q †hvM¨
DËivwaKvixi Afve, cÖv‡`wkK kvmbKZ©v‡ì we‡`ªvn, ag©weRq bxwZi `ye©jZv, A_©‰bwZK msKU,
cÖkvmwbK ¯’weiZv BZ¨vw`|
mvi-ms‡¶c gnvgwZ A‡kvK wLª÷c~e© 273 †_‡K 232 Aã ch©š— fviZ kvmb K‡ib| Zuvi wmsnvm‡b
Av‡ivnb wb®‹›UK wQj bv| wcZ…cyi“‡li c_ AbymiY K‡i wZwb mvgªvR¨ we¯—v‡i g‡bv‡hvM
†`b| wKš‘ Kwj½ hy‡×i ci A‡kvK hy×bxwZ cwiZ¨vM K‡ib Ges wZwb n‡q I‡Vb ˆgÎx I
Awnsmvi g~Z© cÖZxK| Gici †gŠh© kvmb eë¯’vq RbKj¨vYKvwgZv cÖavb ¸i“Z¡ cvq| wZwb
ag©cÖPv‡ii gva¨‡g gvby‡li ü`q Rq Kivi j‡¶¨ Ôag©weRqÕ ïi“ K‡ib| A‡kvK †h Ôa¤§Õ
cÖPvi K‡iwQ‡jb Zv wQj cÖvavbZ: ˆbwZK RxebhvÎvi Av`k© m¤^wjZ evYx| wZwb c„w_exi
cÖRvmvaviY‡K wb‡Ri mš—vb wn‡m‡e MY¨ Ki‡Zb| cÖ_gw`‡K hy× bxwZ Ges c‡i ag©bxwZ
cÖPv‡ii gva¨‡g A‡kvK GK wekvj mvgªvR¨ kvmb K‡ib - c~‡e© eªþcyÎ b`x †_‡K cwð‡g
Avie mvMi ch©š— Zvui mvgªvR¨ we¯—…Z wQj| Kveyj, †nivU, Kv›`vnvi, Kvk¥xi I †bcv‡ji wKQy
AskI wQj Zvui mvgªvR¨fz³| eûwea K…wZZ¡ cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ gnvgwZ A‡kvK cÖvPxb c„w_exi
BwZnv‡m cÖwmw× AR©b K‡i‡Qb| Zvui g„Zzï ci †gŠh© mvgªv‡Rï Aš—wb©wnZ `ye©jZv cÖKvwkZ
nq Ges mvgªv‡Rï cZb N‡U|

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
1| A‡kv‡Ki wcZvi bvg−
K. P›`ª ¸ß †gŠh©|
L. wew¤^mvi|
M. we›`ymvi|
N. ARvZkÎ“|
2| A‡kv‡Ki ivR¨ kvmb bxwZi cwieZ©b N‡U−
K. gM‡ai hy‡×i ci|
L. gnxk~‡ii hy‡×i ci|
M. wmsnjx hy‡×i ci|
N. Kwj½ hy‡×i ci|
3| †eŠ× msMxwZ Avnevb Kiv n‡qwQj−
K. mvibv‡_|
L. cvUjxcy‡Î|
M. Z¶kxjvq|
N. Kvk¥x‡i|
4| A‡kv‡Ki Ôa¤§Õ †Rvi w`‡q‡Q−
K. wk¶v I mgibxwZi Dci|
L. ag© I ‰bwZK bxwZi Dci|
M. mgvRbxwZ I ivRbxwZi Dci|
N. cï ewj †iva bxwZi Dci|
5| A‡kv‡Ki mgq fvlv Ôme©fviZxqÕ PwiÎ cvq−
K. ms¯‹…Z fvlv|
L. ˆgw_wj fvlv|
M. wnw›` fvlv|
N. cvwj fvlv|
6| cvuP eQi ci ci A‡kvK ivRKg©Pvwi‡ì wb‡`©k w`‡qwQ‡jb−
K. Ak¦‡gahÁ cwiPvjbvi Rb¨|
L. Lv`¨ weZiY Kivi Rb¨|
M. a‡g©i evYx cÖPvi Kivi Rb¨|
N. ivRgwngv cÖPvi Kivi Rb¨|
7| A‡kv‡Ki mvgªvR¨mxgv−
K. cwð‡g †c‡kvqvi †_‡K c~‡e© evsjv‡`k Ges DË‡i Kvk¥xi †_‡K `w¶‡Y gnxk~i ch©š—|
L. cwð‡g †c‡kvqvi †_‡K c~‡e© gMa Ges DË‡i kªve¯—x †_‡K `w¶‡Y Kv‡eix b`x ch©š—|
M. cwð‡g wmÜzb` †_‡K c~‡e© eªþcyÎ b` Ges DË‡i BiveZx b` †_‡K `w¶‡Y wmsnj
ch©š—|
N. cwð‡g †c‡kvqvi †_‡K c~‡e© evsjv‡`k Ges DË‡i g_yiv †_‡K `w¶‡Y cvÊ¨ ch©š—|
1. gnvgwZ A‡kv‡Ki cÖv_wgK Rxeb I wmsnvmb Av‡ivnY m¤^‡Ü msw¶ß eY©bv w`b|
2. A‡kv‡Ki Ôa¤§ bxwZÕ Kx Zv e¨vL¨v Ki“b|
3. A‡kv‡Ki g„Zz¨ I mvgªv‡Rï cZb m¤^‡Ü UxKv wjLyb|
KzlvY mvgªvR¨ I Kwb®‹

cvV 4
D‡Ïk¨
◗ †gŠ‡h©vËi hy‡M ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’v I KzlvY mvgªv‡Rï cÖwZôv m¤ú‡K© weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ KylvY es‡ki †kªô mgªvU Kwb‡®‹i K…wZZ¡ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡m KzlvY mvgªv‡Rï ¸i“Z¡ I Zvrch© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
†gŠ‡h©vËi hyM
†gŠh© hy‡Mi ci fvi‡Zi ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡m Avev‡iv ¶z`ª ¶z`ª kw³i cÖvavb¨ cÖwZwôZ nq|
gM‡ai wmsnvm‡b e‡mb ï½ es‡ki ivRMY| `w¶Y fvi‡Z mvZevnb esk ¯’vcb K‡i GK ¯^vaxb
mvgªvR¨| Kwj‡½ †PZ es‡ki Aax‡b Aci GK ¯^vaxb mvgªvR¨ ¯’vwcZ nq| DËi-cwðg fvi‡Z
ivR‰bwZK A‰b‡Kï my‡hvM wb‡q e¨vKUªxq wMÖKMY AvµgY K‡ib| GKB mgq kK, cvw_©qvb
Ges KzlvY cÖgyL ê‡`wkK kw³ fvi‡Z AvµgY Pvjvq| e¯‘Zc‡¶ †gŠ‡h©vËi hy‡M BwZnv‡mi
Ab¨Zg cÖavb NUbv n‡q ùvovq ê‡`wkK AvµgY| wLª÷c~e© wØZxq kZvãx n‡Z fvi‡Zi Dci
ch©vqµ‡g †h ê‡`wkK RvwZ¸wj AvµgY msNwUZ K‡i Zv‡ì g‡a¨ KzlvY‡ì f‚wgKv me©v‡c¶v
†MŠi‡ev¾¡j|
BwZnv‡mi Dcv`vb
KzlvY hy‡Mi wjwLZ Ges AwjwLZ †ek wKQy HwZnvwmK Dcv`vb cvIqv †M‡Q| G¸‡jv †_‡KB
cÖvß Dcv`vb¸wji g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q KzlvY hy‡Mi BwZnvm D×vi Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖvß Dcv`vb¸wji g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q wKQy ˆPwbK iPbv,
wKQy ˆPwbK iPbv, K‡qKwU K‡qKwU fviZxq Ges Av‡g©bxq iPbv, cÖZœZvwË¡K Dcv`vb BZ¨vw`| cvb-Kz iwPZ n¨vb es‡ki
fviZxq Ges Av‡g©bxq iPbv, BwZnvm, mygv-wm‡qb iwPZ Ôkxn&KxÕ MÖš’, gv-‡Zvqvb-wjb iwPZ wek¦‡Kvl, Kj&n‡bi ÔivRZiw½bxÕ,
cÖZœZvwË¡K Dcv`vb BZ¨vw`| Ak¦‡Nv‡li Ôey×PwiZÕ, †ek K‡qKwU wkjvwjwc, wKQy gy`ªv Ges KzlvY hy‡Mi ¯—‚c, wenvi,
cÖvmv`¸wji aŸsmve‡kl cix¶v K‡i mgKvjxb BwZnv‡mi g~jëvb Z_¨ Rvbv hvq| G¸‡jvi
wfwË‡ZB Avgiv KzlvY mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôv Ges Kwb‡®‹i mgqKvj m¤ú‡K© Rvbvi †Póv Ki‡ev|
KzlvY‡ì Avw` cwiPq

KzlvY RvwZi ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡m `ywU my¯úó ch©vq cwijw¶Z nq| cÖ_g ch©v‡q Zviv wQj ga¨
KzlvYiv BD-wP RvwZi GKwU
kvLv| BD-wPÕ†ì Avw` Gwkqvi GKwU fvM¨-mÜvbx DcRvwZ; wØZxq ch©v‡q Zviv fvi‡Z ivR¨ ¯’vcb K‡i fvi‡Zi
evm¯’vb wQj wP‡bi DËi- BwZnv‡mi †mªvZavivi m‡½ mswgwkªZ n‡q c‡o| KzlvYiv BD-wP RvwZi GKwU kvLv| BD-wPÕ‡ì
cwðg As‡k, Kvb-my cÖ‡`‡k| Avw` evm¯’vb wQj wP‡bi DËi-cwðg As‡k, Kvb-my cÖ‡`‡k| ZLb Zviv wQj hvhvei| wLª÷c~e©
ZLb Zviv wQj hvhvei| wØZxq kZ‡Ki ga¨fv‡M Aci GKwU hvhvei RvwZ KZ©„K weZvwoZ n‡q BD-wP MY wewfbœ ¯’v‡b
Qwo‡q c‡ob| G‡ìB GKwU kvLv ÔKzlvYÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ nq Ges µ‡gB Zviv kw³kvjx n‡q
D‡V|
KzlvY mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôv

KzlvY‡ì mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôvi cÖ_g bvqK n‡jb KzRjv K`wdwmm| wZwbB cÖ_g KzlvY‡ì Qov‡bv-
wQUv‡bv cvuP-cuvPwU kvLv‡K wb‡Ri Aax‡b HKë× K‡ib| Gici wZwb Kveyj, †c‡kvqvi, Kvk¥xi
BZ¨vw` ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib Ges fvi‡Zi Af¨š—‡i cÖ‡e‡ki †Póv Pvjvb| Zvui cyÎ wØZxq
K`wdwmm fvi‡Z KzlvY mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôvi †¶‡Î ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡ib| µgea©gvb KzlvY
RvwZi evm¯’vb msKzjvb Ges A_©‰bwZK I ivR‰bwZK Awfjvl PwiZv_© Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ wZwb
fvi‡Zi Af¨š—‡i Xz‡K c‡ob Ges cvÄve I DËi cÖ‡`‡ki wKQy Ask `Lj K‡i KzlvY mvgªv‡Rï
wfwË gReyZ K‡ib| wØZxq K`wdwm‡mi gy`ªv †_‡K Rvbv hvq †h, wZwb Kv›`vnvi I Ô†mb-UzÕ
AwaKvi K‡ib| Ô†mb-UzÕ ej‡Z wbæ wmÜz AÂj †evSvq, A_©vr wmÜz DcZ¨Kvi ¶z`ª ¶z`ª ivR¨-
¸‡jv‡K Rq K‡i wZwb cn¬e kvm‡bi Aemvb NUvb| m¤¢eZ †ivg mgªvU UªvRv‡bi ivRmfvq wZwb
`~Z cvwV‡qwQ‡jb| wMÖK gy`ªvi AbyKi‡Y wZwb ¯^Y©gy`ªviI cÖPjb K‡ib| Zvui mgq wPb, fviZ I
†ivg mvgªv‡Rï g‡a¨ eëmvi cÖmvi n‡qwQj| cwÛZ RInijvj †bni“ e‡jb, ÔKzlvY mvgªvR¨
GKwU weivU ¯—‡¤¢i g‡Zv GKw`‡K wMÖK-‡ivgvb RMZ, Aciw`‡K ˆPwbK RM‡Zi g‡a¨ †mZzeÜb
K‡iwQj; fviZ-‡ivg, fviZ-wP‡bi g‡a¨ KzlvY mvgªvR¨ wQj GK wmsnØviÕ| wØZxq K`wdwm‡mi
mgq evivYmx ch©š— KzlvY AvwacZ¨ we¯—vi jvf K‡i| Zvui ci KzlvY †kªô Kwb®‹ mvgªv‡Rï
AwacwZ nb|
Kwb®‹
cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡m Kwb®‹ GKRb cÖwm× bicwZ|
cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡m Kwb®‹
GKRb cÖwm× bicwZ| wZwb wZwb ÔKzlvY †kªôÕ wn‡m‡e BwZnv‡m L¨vZ| wKš‘ Kwb®‹
ÔKzlvY †kªôÕ wn‡m‡e BwZnv‡m K`wdwmm es‡ki †jvK wQ‡jb wKbv G cÖ‡kœ HwZnvwmK
L¨vZ| gn‡j wØgZ i‡q‡Q| Kwb‡®‹i wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivn‡bi mgq
Ges ivRZ¡Kvj m¤§‡ÜI HwZnvwmKMY GKgZ n‡Z
cv‡ibwb| Z‡e †gvUvgywUfv‡e a‡i †bqv nq 78 wLª÷v‡ã
wZwb wmsnvm‡b AwawôZ nb Ges 102 wLª÷vã ch©š— ivRZ¡
K‡ib| Zvui ivR Awf‡l‡Ki eQi †_‡K GKwU bZyb A‡ãi
cÖPjb nq| GB AãB BwZnv‡m ÔkKvãÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ|
Kwb®‹ GKRb eûgyLx cÖwZfvm¤úbœ kvmK Ges Zvui
ivRZ¡Kvj Kg©en~j| gy`ªv
mvgªvR¨ we¯—vi
Kwb®‹ wQ‡jb GKRb mv_©K †hv×v| mvgwiK †hvM¨Zve‡j wZwb wekvj GK mvgªv‡Rï AwacwZ
nb| Zvui fviZxq mvgªvR¨ MvÜvi I Kvk¥xi n‡Z evivYmx ch©š— we¯—…Z wQj| wZwb †h Kvk¥xi Rq
cyi“lcyi ev eZ©gvb cvwK¯—
K‡ib Zv ivRZiw½bx m~‡Î Rvbv hvq| wnD‡qb mvs m~‡Î Rvbv hvq MvÜvi wQj Zvui mvgªvR¨fz³|
v‡bi DËi-cwðg mxgvš—
cÖ‡`‡ki †c‡kvqvi wQj A‡hva¨v I cvUwjcy‡Îi ivRM‡Yi mv‡_ Zvui msN‡l©i Kvwnbx wZeŸZxq I ˆPwbK mvwn‡Z¨ †jLv
Kwb‡®‹i ivRavbx| Av‡Q| wewfbœ m~‡Î Rvbv hvq, †LvUvb, KvkMo I BqviL›` Kwb‡®‹i mvgªv‡Rï Aš—fy©³ wQj|
ms‡¶‡c ej‡Z †M‡j cwð‡g †Lvivmvb n‡Z c~‡e© wenvi ch©š— Ges DË‡i †LvUvb n‡Z `w¶‡Y
†Kv¼b ch©š— Zvui mvgªvR¨ we¯—…Z n‡qwQj| cyi“lcyi ev eZ©gvb cvwK¯—v‡bi DËi-cwðg mxgvš—
cÖ‡`‡ki †c‡kvqvi wQj Kwb‡®‹i ivRavbx| GwU Qvov Ab¨ `y‡Uv bM‡ii g‡a¨ Z¶kxjv I g_yiv
wQj weL¨vZ|
ag©xq Ae¯’v
†KejgvÎ wekvj mvgªv‡Rï Aaxk¦i wn‡m‡eB bq, †eŠ× a‡g©i c„ô‡cvlKiƒ‡c Kwb®‹ Amvgvb¨
†KejgvÎ wekvj mvgªv‡Rï L¨vwZ AR©b K‡i‡Qb| wewfbœ m~Î n‡Z Rvbv hvq †h, wZwb †eŠ× ag©vej¤^x wQ‡jb| †c‡kvqv‡i
Aaxk¦i wn‡m‡eB bq, †eŠ× wZwb GKwU wekvj †eŠ× gV wbg©vY K‡iwQ‡jb| GB gV n‡q D‡VwQj mgmvgwqK fvi‡Zi †eŠ×
a‡g©i c„ô‡cvlKiƒ‡c Kwb®‹ ms¯‹…wZi cÖvY‡K›`ª| †eŠ×‡ì Aš—we©‡iva `~i Kivi Rb¨ wZwb Kvk¥x‡i A_ev MvÜv‡i †eŠ×mfv ev
Amvgvb¨ L¨vwZ AR©b
m½xwZ Avnevb K‡ib| GB m‡¤§jb PZz_© †eŠ× m½xwZ bv‡g cwiwPZ| Gici †eŠ× ag© nxbhvb
K‡i‡Qb|
I gnvhvb GB `yB Lv‡Z cÖevwnZ nq| Z‡e Kwb‡®‹i †eŠ×gZ fviZxq D`viZvi g‡š¿ D¾xweZ
wQj| wZwb wQ‡jb ag©mwnòz Av`‡k©i cÖwZ we‡kl kª×vevb| Zvui gy`ªvq wMÖK, wn›`y, Bivwb †è-
emywgÎ, Ak¦‡Nvl, PiK,
mykÖæZ, bvMvR©yb cÖgyL ‡èxi g~wZ© †Lvw`Z i‡q‡Q|
`vk©wbK, êÁvwbK, mvwnwZ¨K
mvwnZ¨ I wkíKjv
Ges Avqy‡e©`kv¯¿we` Kwb‡®‹i
ivRmfv AjsK…Z Ki‡Zb| cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi mvgªvRëv`x BwZnv‡mi bvqK n‡qI Kwb®‹ mvwnZ¨, wkí I fv¯‹‡h©i DbœwZi Rb¨
we‡kl cÖwmw× AR©b K‡i‡Qb| emywgÎ, Ak¦‡Nvl, PiK, mykÖ“Z, bvMvR©yb cÖgyL `vk©wbK,
êÁvwbK, mvwnwZ¨K Ges Avqy‡e©`kv¯¿we` Kwb‡®‹i ivRmfv AjsK…Z Ki‡Zb| ms¯‹…Z fvlvi PP©v
I cÖPvi G mgq †_‡K e„w× cvq Ges m¤¢eZ Gmgq n‡ZB L‡ivóx wjwci cÖPjb D‡V †h‡Z
_v‡K| Kwb‡®‹i mg‡q wMÖK, †ivgvb I †eŠ× wk‡íi GK Ac~e© mswgkª‡Y ÔMvÜvi wkíÕ bv‡g L¨vZ
GLvbKvi Ôwek¦we`¨vjqÕ - G
†e`, e¨vKiY, `k©b, fv¯‹h© wk‡íi DrKl© mvwaZ nq| AMÖMwZ cwijw¶Z nq wk¶vi †¶‡ÎI| ivRavbx cyi“lcyi †eŠ×
wPwKrmvkv¯¿, mvwnZ¨, wkí ag© wk¶vi Ab¨Zg cÖavb †K›`ª wn‡m‡e M‡o I‡V| Z¶kxjv bMiI wQj wk¶v I ms¯‹…wZi
cÖf…wZ wewfbœ wel‡q wk¶v Ab¨Zg cxV¯’vb| GLvbKvi Ôwek¦we`¨vjqÕ - G †e`, e¨vKiY, `k©b, wPwKrmvkv¯¿, mvwnZ¨, wkí
†`qv n‡Zv| cÖf…wZ wewfbœ wel‡q wk¶v †`qv n‡Zv| me wKQy wgwj‡q fviZxq ms¯‹…wZ I mf¨Zvi c„ô‡cvlK
Kwb®‹ †h hvhvei BD-wP RvwZi GKRb †jvK †m K_v fve‡j Avðh©vwš^Z n‡Z nq|
KylvY kvm‡bi Zvrch©
ewnivMZ nIqv m‡Ë¡I cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡m KzlvY‡ì kvmb we‡kl Zvrch©en| KzlvY‡ì
ivR‰bwZK Afz¨`‡qi m~Î a‡iB fvi‡Zi Af¨š—ixY I ê‡`wkK eëmv evwY‡Rï h‡_ó kªxe„w×
N‡U| DËi-cwðg fvi‡Zi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© ¯’vb¸wj KzlvY‡ì wbqš¿‡Y _vKvq evwY‡Rï e¨vcK cÖmvi
kvmb eë¯’vi †¶‡ÎI KzlvY N‡U| wPb n‡Z Bivb I †ivgvb mvgªv‡R¨ †h g~jëvb †ikge¯¿ cvVv‡bv n‡Zv Zvi evwYR¨c_ wQj
ivRMY †`kx I we‡`kx avivi ga¨ Gwkqv I AvdMvwb¯’vb| GB Ôwmé c_Õ KzlvY‡ì Aax‡b _vKvq ewYK‡ì KvQ †_‡K cÖPzi
mgš^q mvab K‡ib|
ïé cvIqv †h‡Zv| me‡P‡q eo K_v, D”Pgv‡bi ¯^Y©gy`ªvi cÖPjb †_‡KB m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e KzlvY
Avg‡j fvi‡Zi A_©‰bwZK mg„w×i cÖgvY cvIqv hvq| kvmb eë¯’vi †¶‡ÎI KzlvY ivRMY †`kx
I we‡`kx avivi mgš^q mvab K‡ib| Gfv‡e MÖnY-eR©b cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g fvi‡Z GK wgkª
mf¨Zvi D™¢e nq| KzlvY mvgªvRëv`x kvmK‡ì cÖavb Ae`vb GB †h, Zvuiv GKw`‡K fviZ-
ms¯‹…wZ AvÍ̄’ K‡i fvi‡Zi evB‡i Zv cÖPv‡i eªZx n‡q‡Qb; Ab¨w`‡K ga¨ Gkxq ms¯‹…wZi †Qvuqvq
fviZxq ms¯‹…wZ‡K cyó K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb|
Kwb®‹ Z_v KzlvY‡ì ivRZ¡Kvj cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡m GKwU †MŠiegq Aa¨vq| KzlvY‡kªô
Kwb®‹ Z_v KzlvY‡ì Kwb®‹ †KejgvÎ mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôvKvix exi wQ‡jb bv| wZwb wQ‡jb avwg©K I †eŠ× ag© I ms¯‹…wZi
ivRZ¡Kvj cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi c„ô‡cvlK| mvwnZ¨ I wk‡íi me©‡¶‡Î Zvui Ae`vb me©Rb¯^xK…Z| Ávbx I ¸Yxi h‡_ó mgvì
BwZnv‡m GKwU †MŠiegq wQj Zvui ivRmfvq| mvgªv‡Rï we¯—…wZ, evwYwR¨K DbœwZ, †eŠ× a‡g©i cÖmvi, mswgwkªZ kvmb
Aa¨vq| eë¯’v Ges m‡e©vcwi KzlvY mvgªv‡Rï fviZxqKiY cÖvPxb fviZe‡l©i BwZnv‡m KzlvY‡ì
we‡klZ: Kwb‡®‹i ¯’vb wba©viY K‡i‡Q|
mvi-ms‡¶c †gŠ‡h©vËi hy‡M fvi‡Zi BwZnvm ¶z`ª ¶z`ª iv‡Rï BwZnvm| GB ivR‰bwZK A‰bK¨ `~i K‡i
cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡m wØZxq e„nr mvgªv‡Rï cÖwZôvZv wn‡m‡eB KzlvY ivRes‡ki L¨vwZ|
ga¨ Gwkqvi GK DcRvwZ KzlvYMY ax‡i ax‡i fviZe‡l© mvgªvR¨ ¯’vcb K‡i Ges Kwb‡®‹i
mg‡q DËi fviZe¨vcx GK wekvj mvgªvR¨ Zviv ¯’vcb Ki‡Z m¶g nq|
KwY®‹B KzlvY es‡ki †kªô mgªvU| wZwb cwð‡g †Lvivmvb †_‡K c~‡e© wenvi ch©š— Ges DË‡i
†LvUvb †_‡K `w¶‡Y †Kv¼b ch©š— wekvj GK mvgªvR¨ ¯’vcb K‡ib| Zvui ivRavbx wQj
cyi“lcyi, eZ©gvb †c‡kvqvi| †eŠ× ag© I ms¯‹…wZi c„ô‡cvlK wn‡m‡e Kwb‡®‹i L¨vwZ mgwaK|
Zvui ivRZ¡Kv‡j Ávb-weÁvb I wkí-mvwnZ¨ †¶‡Î cÖf‚Z DbœwZ mvwaZ nq| e¨vcK evwY‡Rï
gva¨‡g KzlvY mvgªv‡Rï A_©‰bwZK wfwË wQj mej|

ˆbe¨w³K cÖkœ
1| †gŠ‡h©vËi hy‡M †h me ê‡`wkK RvwZ fviZ AvµgY K‡ib−
K. KzlvY, kK, mvZevnb I ï½|
L. wMÖK, kK, KzlvY I cvw_©qvb|
M. KzlvY, Kvš^, heb I wMÖK|
N. mvZevnb, cvw_©qvb, ï½ I kK|
2| KzlvY mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôvi cÖ_g †bZvi bvg wK?
K. Kwb®‹|
L. K`wdwmm, wØZxq|
M. KzRjv K`wdwmm|
N. ûwe®‹|
3| Kwb‡®‹i wmsnvm‡b emvi ZvwiL−
K. 125-128 wLª÷v‡ãi g‡a¨|
L. 130-150 wLª÷v‡ãi g‡a¨|
M. 102 wLª÷v‡ã|
N. 78 wLª÷v‡ã|
4| Kwb‡®‹i ivRavbx kni wQj−
K. Z¶kxjv|
L. g_yiv|
M. cyi“lcyi|
N. †LvUvb|
5| Kwb‡®‹i mvgªvR¨mxgvi cÖavb êwkó¨ n‡”Q−
K. BD‡ivc I Gwkqvi g‡a¨ GKvÍ Zv ¯’vcb|
L. Bivb I AvdMvwb¯’v‡bi m¤úK© †Rvi`viKiY|
M. ga¨Gwkqv I fvi‡Zi g‡a¨ Mfxi †hvMm~Î ¯’vcb|
N. wMÖK I fvi‡Zi m¤ú‡K©i DbœwZ NUvb|
6| KzlvY ivRmfv AjsK…Z K‡iwQ‡jb−
K. emywgÎ, Kvwj`vm, nwi‡lY I cZÄjx|
L. Ak¦‡Nvl, bvMvR©yb, PiK I emywgÎ|
M. bvMvR©yb, Kvwj`vm, †KŠwUj¨ I evYfÆ|
N. KjnY, Ak¦‡Nvl, PiK I nwi‡lY|
7| Kwb‡®‹i mg‡q DrKl© mvwaZ n‡q wQj−
K. g_yiv wk‡íi|
L. b„Z¨ wk‡íi|
M. †Uiv‡KvUv wk‡íi|
N. MvÜvi wk‡íi|
8| ÔwMÖK-‡ivgvb RMZ I wPbv RM‡Zi g‡a¨ †mZzeÜb iPbv K‡iwQj KzlvY mvgªvR¨; fviZ-
wP‡bi g‡a¨ KzlvY mvgªvR¨ wQj GK wmsnØvi - Dw³wU K‡iwQ‡jb−
K. wnD‡qb mvs|
L. W: e¨vkvg|
M. RIni jvj †b‡ni“|
N. W: we, Gb, gyLvR©x|
1. †gŠ‡h©vËi hy‡Mi ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’v I KzlvY mvgªv‡Rï cÖwZôv m¤ú‡K© msw¶ß weeib w`b|
2. Kwb‡®‹i cwiPq Zz‡j ai“b|
3. Kwb‡®‹i mg‡qi ag©xq Ae¯’vi weeib w`b|
4. mvwnZ¨ I wkíKjvi c„ô‡cvlK wn‡m‡e Kwb‡®‹i g~j¨vqb Ki“b|
¸ß mvgªv‡Rï cÖwZôv I cÖ_g P›`ª¸ß

cvV 5
D‡Ïk¨
◗ ¸ß mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôvi cUf‚wg eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ cÖ_g P›`ª¸ß KZ©„K mvgªvR¨ ¯’vcb cÖwµqv m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ cÖ_g P›`ª¸‡ßi Ôwj”QwiqvÕ es‡ki mv‡_ êevwnK m¤ú‡K©i ¸i“‡Z¡i weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
Kzlv‡YvËi hy‡M fviZ

Av‡Mi cvV n‡Z Avcbviv KzlvY mvgªvR¨ m¤ú‡K© †R‡b‡Qb| KzlvY mgªvU Kwb‡®‹i ci †ek
wKQyw`b †Kvb e„nr mvgªvRëv`x kw³ KZ…©K fviZ kvwmZ nqwb| ewk®‹, nwe®‹, cÖ_g evmy‡è
cÖgyL KzlvY ivRv DËivwaKvi m~‡Î wKQyw`b ivRZ¡ K‡ib| Aek¨ B‡Zvg‡a¨B KzlvY mvgªv‡Rï
fviZxq As‡ki Dci bZyb K‡Zv¸‡jv iv‡Rï D™¢e nq| Z‡e ¸ß mvgªv‡Rï cÖwZôvKvj ch©š—
†Kvb †Kvb KzlvY ivRv DËi-cwðg fvi‡Z wQ‡jb e‡j Rvbv hvq| wLª÷xq PZz_© kZvãx‡Z
fviZel© eûL‡Û wef³ n‡q c‡o| DËi-cwðg I cwðgvÂ‡j ¯’vwcZ nq we‡`kx ivRM‡Yi
AvwacZ¨| M½v-hgybv DcZ¨Kvq bvMes‡ki kvmb cÖwZwôZ nq| DËi fvi‡Zi Aewkó As‡kI
¸ß mvgªvR¨ PwiÎMZfv‡e wQj
GKvš—B fviZxq| ZvB cÖvPxb
eû ¶z`ª ivR¨ I DcRvZxq iv‡Rï D™¢e nq| Gmgq `w¶Y fviZI eû iv‡R¨ wef³ n‡q
fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡m ¸ß mvgªvR¨ c‡owQj| cÖvq 150 eQi a‡i weivRgvb GB wek„sLj cwiw¯’wZi Aemvb NwU‡q fviZ-e‡l©
cÖwZôv LyeB ¸i“Z¡en| 320 Avev‡iv ivR‰bwZK H‡Kï cÖwZôv K‡ib c~e© fvi‡Zi GKwU ivResk| ¸ß bvgavix GB
wLª÷vã †_‡K 540 wLª÷vã ivRes‡ki nv‡ZB cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi mvgªvR¨‡Kw›`ªK BwZnv‡mi Z…Zxq ¸i“Z¡c~Y© ch©vq iwPZ nq|
ch©š— ¸ßiv fviZ kvmb KzlvY mvgªv‡Rï fviZxq Ask wQj ewnf©viZxq ev ga¨ Gkxq mvgªv‡Rï A½gvÎ| ivR¨Rq I
K‡ib|
evwYR¨wfwËK A_©bxwZ †_‡KB G‡mwQj KzlvY mvgªvRëv‡ì †cÖiYv| wKš‘ ¸ß mvgªvR¨
PwiÎMZfv‡e wQj GKvš—B fviZxq| ZvB cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡m ¸ß mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôv LyeB
¸i“Z¡en| 320 wLª÷vã †_‡K 540 wLª÷vã ch©š— ¸ßiv fviZ kvmb K‡ib|
¸ß mvgªv‡Rï D™¢e
†gŠh© mvgªv‡Rï cZ‡bi ci fvi‡Zi ivRbxwZ‡Z †h wew”QbœZv, AvÂwjKZvi cÖKvk I ê‡`wkK
kw³¸‡jvi AbycÖ‡ek NUwQj Zvi wecix‡Z †Kb ¸ß mvgªv‡Rï D™¢e n‡jv Zv HwZnvwmK‡ì
¸ß mvgªv‡Rï DÌvb wQj mvg‡b GK Mfxi wRÁvmv| HwZnvwmK i‡gkP›`ª gRyg`vi g‡b K‡ib, ¸ß mvgªv‡Rï DÌvb wQj
ê‡`wkK AvµgY I weRvZxq ê‡`wkK AvµgY I weRvZxq ms¯‹…wZi wei“‡× GK Afz¨Ìvb| Aci K‡qKRb HwZnvwmK
ms¯‹…wZi wei“‡× GK
Afz¨Ìvb|
¸ß‡ì D™¢e m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v w`‡Z wM‡q Mv‡½q DcZ¨Kvq kw³k~b¨Zv Ges M½v-hgybv DcZ¨Kvi
De©iv AÂ‡ji A_©‰bwZK jvfvjv‡fi cÖkœwU‡K ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q‡Qb| wkjvwjwci mv¶¨ Abymv‡i
¸ßes‡ki cÖwZôvZvi bvg kªx¸ß| wZwb ïaygvÎ ÔgnvivRÕ Dcvax eënvi Ki‡Zb Ges m¤¢eZ
gM‡ai Aš—M©Z †Kvb ¶z`ª iv‡Rï kvmK wQ‡jb| Zvui DËivwaKvix nb ZvuiB cyÎ N‡UvrKP;
wZwbI ÔgnvivRÕ Dcvax eënvi Ki‡Zb| Zvuiv ¯^vaxb b„cwZ bvwK mvgš—ivR wQ‡jb, Zv ejv
KwVb| ˆPwbK cwieªvRK Br wms - Gi iPbv‡K e¨vL¨v K‡i A‡b‡K g‡b K‡ib †h, kªx¸ß I
N‡UvrKP ¸‡ßi Avw` evm¯’vb wQj evsjvi e‡i›`ªx GjvKvq| †KD †KD g‡b K‡ib, mvibv_
AÂj wQj ¸ß‡ì Avw` evm¯’vb|
¸ß mvgªvR¨
cÖ_g P›`ª¸ß
cÖvPxb fvi‡Z ¸ß mvgªv‡Rï cÖ_g ¸i“Z¡c~Y© e¨w³Z¡ n‡”Qb
cÖ_g P›`ª¸ß| Zvui mgqKvj aiv nq 320 wLª÷vã †_‡K
335 wLª÷vã ch©š—| cÖ_g P›`ª¸ß n‡jb N‡UvrKP ¸‡ßi
cyÎ| Zvui mgq †_‡KB cÖK…Zc‡¶ ¸ßes‡ki mvgªvR¨ we¯—
vi Avi¤¢ nq| wZwb ÔgnvivRvwaivRÕ Dcvaxavix cÖ_g ¸ß
kvmK| Zvui wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivn‡Yi Kvj n‡Z Ô¸ß
AãÕcÖPwjZ nq| ivRZ¡Kvj msw¶ß n‡jI wZwb ¸ß
es‡ki kw³ I gh©v`v e„w× Ki‡Z m¶g nb| ¸ß‡ì gy`ªv
wewfbœ wkjvwjwc, mvwnwZ¨K Dcv`vb, ˆPwbK weeiY Ges gy`ªv I ¯’vcZ¨ †_‡K cÖ_g P›`ª¸ß
m¤ú‡K© wKQy aviYv Kiv hvq|
ivR¨we¯—vi
Av‡MB ejv n‡q‡Q, cÖ_g P›`ª¸ß ÔgnvivRvwaivRÕ Dcvax MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| Kv‡iv Kv‡iv g‡Z,
kK gyiÛ‡ì DrLvZ K‡i gMa Rq Kivi ci wZwb weRqm~PK GB Dcvax MÖnY K‡ib| Ô†KŠgy`x
cvUjxcyÎ wQj cÖ_g P›`ª¸‡ßi g‡nvrmeÕ bvU‡Ki weeiY Abymv‡i ejv n‡q _v‡K †h, my›ì eg©b bv‡g GKRb ivRv‡K DrLv‡Zi
ivRavbx| gva¨‡g P›`ª¸ß gMa Rq K‡ib| wZwb †Kvkj I †Kvkv¤^x AwaKvi K‡i Zvui ivR¨mxgv e„w×
K‡ib| †Kvb †Kvb m~Î †_‡K AbywgZ nq cÖ_g P›`ª¸ß cyÛªea©b ev DËi evsjv Rq K‡iwQ‡jb|
Aek¨ G Z_¨ m‡›`nvZxZ bq| Z‡e wZwb †h DËi cÖ‡`k I gMa Rq K‡iwQ‡jb Zv wbwðZ|
cvUjxcyÎ wQj cÖ_g P›`ª¸‡ßi ivRavbx|
Ôwj”Qweqv:Õ weev‡ni ¸i“Z¡

cÖ_g P›`ª¸ß weevn K‡iwQ‡jb Ôwj”Qvweqv:Õ ivRes‡k| Giv wQ‡jb cÖvPxb I mycwiwPZ
RvwZ‡Mvôx| ivRes‡k weev‡ni d‡j ¸ß es‡ki m¤§vb e„w× †c‡qwQj| †Kbbv, ¸ßiv wb‡R‡ì
RvwZi K_v KL‡bvB D‡j−L K‡ibwb - m¤¢eZ Zvuiv wQ‡jb êk¨| wKš‘ Ôwj”Qweqv:Õ ivRes‡k
weevn ¸ß‡ì‡K Av‡jvwKZ Ae¯’v‡b †cŠuQv‡Z h‡_ófv‡e mnvqZv K‡iwQj| GB weev‡ni d‡j
Ôwj”Qweqv:Õ ivRes‡k weevn
¸ß‡ì‡K Av‡jvwKZ Ae¯’v‡b ¸ßiv `w¶Y wenv‡i gnvg~j¨ ¯’vb¸‡jvi Dci Zvu‡ì AwaKvi jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| Gfv‡e Zvuiv
†cŠuQv‡Z h‡_ófv‡e mnvqZv wecyj m¤ú‡ìI AwaKvix nb| µ‡gB ¸ßiv DËi fvi‡Zi e„nËg kw³‡Z cwiYZ n‡Z
K‡iwQj| †c‡iwQ‡jb| myZivs Ôwj”Qweqv:Õ ivRKb¨v‡K weev‡ni NUbv ¸ß‡ì ivR‰bwZK ¶gZv e„w×‡Z
mvnvh¨ K‡iwQj| GB weevn‡K ¯§iYxq K‡i ivL‡Z cÖ_g P›`ª¸ß we‡kl GK ai‡bi ¯^Y©gy`ªv
cÖPjb K‡ib| GB gy`ªvi GK wc‡V Av‡Q cÖ_g P›`ª¸ß I Kzgvi‡èxi cÖwZK…wZ Ges Aci wc‡V
wms‡ni Dci Dcweó †èZvi cÖwZK…wZ| GLv‡b †Lvw`Z Av‡Q Ôwj”Qweqv:Õ kãwU| ¸ß esk Ges
Ôwj”Qweqv:Õ ivRes‡ki g‡a¨ weevnRvZ mš—vb n‡jb mgy`ª¸ß| wZwbI wbR gy`ªvq wb‡R‡K
Ôwj”Qweqv: †`ŠwnÎÕ e‡j cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| myZivs Ôwj”Qweqv:Õ es‡k weevn †h ¸ß‡ì Rb¨
†mŠfvM¨m~PK wQj Zv wbwØ©avq ejv †h‡Z cv‡i|
hvB †nvK bv †Kb cÖ_g P›`ª¸ß wbR mvgwiK †hvM¨Zv, AmvaviY K~UbxwZ, êevwnK m¤§Ü Ges
g„Zzï c~‡e© DËivwaKvix g‡bvbxZ K‡i ¸ß mvgªv‡Rï wfwË my`„p K‡i hvb| DËi cÖ‡`‡ki
c~e©fvM, wenvi Ges cwðg evsjv ch©š— GjvKvq wZwb ¸ß mvgªv‡Rï AvwacZ¨ ¯’vcb K‡ib| Zvui
g„Zzï ci mgy`ª¸ß wmsnvm‡b e‡mb|
mvi-ms‡¶c Kzlv‡YvËi hy‡M fvi‡Zi ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡m ¶z`ª ¶z`ª iv‡Rï D™¢e †`Lv hvq| Mv‡½q
DcZ¨Kvq kw³k~b¨Zv Ges M½v-hgybv DcZ¨Kvi De©iv f‚wgi Dci wfwË K‡iB ¸ß mvgªv‡Rï
D™¢e N‡U| kªx¸ßB ¸ß mvgªv‡Rï D™¢‡ei AMÖ`~Z| Z‡e Zvui †cŠÎ cÖ_g P›`ª¸‡ßi
ivRZ¡Kv‡jB ¸ß mvgªv‡Rï cÖmvi N‡U Ges mvgªvRëv`x kw³ wn‡m‡e ¸ß‡ì weKvk j¶ Kiv
hvq| cÖ_g P›`ª¸‡ßi mg‡qB ¸ß es‡ki kw³ I gh©v`v e„w× cvq| cvUjxcyÎ‡K ivRavbx K‡i
gMa, DËi cÖ‡`k I wbKUeZ©x AÂ‡j ¸ß mvgªv‡Rï D™¢e N‡U| cÖ_g P›`ª¸ß Ôwj”Qweqv:Õ
ivRKb¨v‡K we‡q K‡ib| GB weevn ¸ß es‡ki gh©v`v e„w×‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| ZvB GB NUbv‡K
¯§iYxq K‡i ivLvi Rb¨ we‡kl ¯^Y©gy`ªv cÖKvk Kiv n‡qwQj| g„Zzï c~‡e© cÖ_g P›`ª¸ß Zvui cyÎ
mgy`ª¸ß‡K DËivwaKvix g‡bvbxZ K‡i hvb|

ˆbe¨©w³K cÖkœ
1| ¸ß mvgªv‡Rï Avw` cyi“l wQ‡jb−
K. N‡UvrKP ¸ß|
L. ¯‹Ü ¸ß|
M. cÖ_g P›`ª¸ß|
N. kªx¸ß|
2| cÖ_g P›`ª¸ß MÖnY K‡ib−
K. ÔgnvivRÕ Dcvwa|
L. Ôweµgvw`Z¨Õ Dcvwa|
M. ÔgnvivRvwaivRÕ Dcvwa|
N. Ôme©iv‡Rv‡”QËvÕ Dcvwa|
3| Ô¸ßvãÕ cÖPwjZ nIqvi AvbygvwbK ZvwiL−
K. 220 wLª÷vã|
L. 320 wLª÷vã|
M. 420 wLª÷vã|
N. 230 wLª÷vã|
4| ¸ß es‡ki kw³ e„w×‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i−
K. gMa `L‡ji NUbv|
L. †Kvkj I †Kvkv¤^x `L‡ji NUbv|
M. Ôwj”Qweqv:Õ ivRKb¨v‡K weev‡ni NUbv|
N. mwVK DËivwaKvi g‡bvbq‡bi NUbv|
5| cÖ_g P›`ª¸‡ßi ivRavbx kni wQj−
K. wenvi|
L. gMa|
M. cvUjxcyÎ|
N. †Kvkj|
1. ¸ß mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôvi cUf‚wg Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|
2. ¸ß es‡ki cÖwZôvZv †K? ¸ß mvgªv‡Rï DÌv‡bi BwZnvm Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|
3. Ôwj”Qweqv:Õ weev‡ni D‡j−Lc~e©K cÖ_g P›`ª¸‡ßi Avg‡j ¸ß‡ì †h we¯—…wZ N‡UwQj Zv eY©bv
Ki“b|
mgy`ª¸ß
cvV 6
D‡Ïk¨
◗ mgy`ª¸‡ßi BwZnv‡mi Dcv`vb m¤ú‡K© weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ mgy`ª¸‡ßi w`wM¦Rq m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ mgy`ª¸‡ßi K…wZZ¡ g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgy`ª¸‡ßi BwZnv‡mi Dcv`vb

Av‡Mi cvV n‡Z Avcbviv cÖ_g P›`ª¸ß KZ©„K wmsnvm‡bi DËivwaKvix wn‡m‡e mgy`ª¸‡ßi
g‡bvbqb m¤ú‡K© †R‡b‡Qb| mgy`ª¸ß m¤¢veZ 335 wLªóv‡ã wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivnY K‡ib Ges 380
wLª÷v‡ãi c~‡e© Zvui g„Zz¨ nq| mgy`ª¸‡ßi mvgwMÖK BwZnvm cybM©V‡bi Rb¨ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© †ek wKQy
Dcv`vb Avgv‡ì nv‡Z i‡q‡Q| G¸wji g‡a¨ ivRKwe nwi‡lY iwPZ ÔGjvnvev` cÖkw¯—Õ, Gib,
bvj›`v I Mqv wjwc, cvuP (5) ai‡Yi gy`ªv, ˆPwbK weeiY, cyivY, ¯§„wZkv¯¿, Ô†KŠgy`x g‡nvrmeÕ
bvgK GKwU bvwUKv, Kvwj`v‡mi ÔiNyeskg&Õ BZ¨vw` weL¨vZ| GB Dcv`vb¸wji g‡a¨ ÔGjvnvev`
mgy`ª¸ß m¤¢veZ 335 wLªóv‡ã ¯—¤¢wjwcÕ ev cÖkw¯— LyeB ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Drm wn‡m‡e HwZnvwmK gn‡j mgv`„Z| Gjvnvev‡ì `y‡M©
wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivnY K‡ib Ges
iw¶Z GB cÖkw¯—Lvwb mgy`ª¸‡ßi g„Zzï ciB m¤¢eZ DrKxY© Kiv n‡qwQj| Avevi †KD †KD `vex
380 wLª÷v‡ãi c~‡e© Zvui g„Zz¨
nq| K‡ib, mgy`ª¸‡ßi `w¶Y fviZ weR‡qi ciB GwU iwPZ| Kwe nwi‡l‡Yi Kve¨cÖwZfvi cwiPq
G‡Z cvIqv hvq| cÖkw¯—wUi KZKvsk Kv‡e¨ iwPZ| G‡Z mgy`ª¸‡ßi ivR¨Rq, ivR¨kvmb, wk¶v,
ms¯‹…wZ, we‡`¨vrmvwnZv cÖf…wZ wel‡qi we¯—vwiZ weeiY Av‡Q| Z‡e nwi‡lY †h‡nZz mgy`ª¸‡ßi
mfvKwe ZvB Zvui iPbvq AwZk‡qvw³ _vK‡Z cv‡i| AjsK…Z mvwn‡Z¨ GwU iwPZ| W: †Kvkv¤^xi
g‡Z, Gi Q‡Î Q‡Î mgy`ª¸‡ßi ÔmvgªvRëv`x `¤¢Õ Qwo‡q Av‡Q|
mgy`ª¸‡ßi ivR¨Rq
cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡m ivR¨we‡RZv iƒ‡c †h mKj mgªvU L¨vwZ jvf K‡i‡Qb, mgy`ª¸ß Zvu‡ì
DËivwaKvi m~‡Î cÖvß Mv‡½q g‡a¨ cÖ_g mvwi‡Z ¯’vb †c‡q‡Qb| DËivwaKvi m~‡Î cÖvß Mv‡½q DcZ¨Kvi ¯’vbxq GKwU ivR¨‡K
DcZ¨Kvi ¯’vbxq GKwU wZwb me©fviZxq GK mvgªv‡R¨ cwiYZ K‡ib| cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi Z…Zxq mvgªvRëv`x cyi“l wn‡m‡e
ivR¨‡K wZwb me©fviZxq GK mgy`ª¸ß weL¨vZ| e¯‘Z: P›`ª¸ß †gŠh© Ges KzlvY mgªvU Kwb‡®‹i ci G‡Zv eo weRqx exi
mvgªv‡R¨ cwiYZ K‡ib| cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡m Avi Av‡mbwb| ÔGjvnvev` cÖkw¯—Õ Abymv‡i mgy`ª¸ß DËi fvi‡Zi bqRb (9)
fvi‡Zi Z…Zxq mvgªvRëv`x
cyi“l wn‡m‡e mgy`ª¸ß ivRv‡K civwRZ K‡ib| Guiv n‡jb AP‚¨Z, bvM‡mb, i“`ª‡è, gwZj, bvM`Ë, P›`ªeg©b,
weL¨vZ| MYcwZbvM, b›`x I ejeg©b| cÖkw¯— Abyhvqx mgy`ª¸ß Gici cy®úbM‡i Avb›` Drme K‡ib|
cÖvPxbKv‡j K‡bŠR ev Kvb¨Kz‡R¡i bvg wQj cy®úcyi| ZvB A‡b‡KB g‡b K‡ib mgy`ª¸ß m¤¢eZ:
K‡bŠR n‡ZB Dwj−wLZ ivRv‡ì wei“‡× hy×hvÎv K‡iwQ‡jb| Avh©ve‡Z©i cÖvq mKj ivR¨B ¸ß
mvgªvR¨fz³ K‡i mgy`ª¸ß Ôme©iv‡Rv‡”QËvÕ Dcvax MÖnY K‡ib| DËi fvi‡Z weRqvwfhvb mgvß
n‡j mgy`ª¸ß `w¶Y fvi‡Zi w`‡K `„wó †`b| Lye m¤¢eZ: Zvui Awfhvb ga¨ cÖ‡`‡ki c~e© I
`w¶YvÂ‡j, Dwol¨vq Ges `vw¶Yv‡Zï c~e© DcK‚‡j KvÂx ch©š— we¯—…Z wQj| `w¶Y fvi‡Zi †h
ev‡ivRb (12) kvmK‡K wZwb civwRZ K‡ib Zvu‡ì g‡a¨ wQ‡jb †Kvkj iv‡Rï ivRv g‡n›`ª,
gnvKvš—vi AÂ‡ji e¨vNªivR, †KvÆ‡ii ivRv ¯^vgx`Ë, KvÂxi weòz‡Mvc, †e½x iv‡Rï nw¯—eg©Y,
Kz¯’jvcy‡ii ivRv abÄq Ges Av‡iv A‡b‡K| G mKj wewRZ ivRv‡ì ivR¨ mgy`ª¸ß wbR
iv‡Rï Aš—f©y³ K‡ibwb| mgy`ª¸‡ßi w`wM¦R‡qi d‡j DËi-c~e© fvi‡Zi mxgvš— GjvKvi
kvmKMY Ges cvÄve, cwðg fviZ, gvje I ga¨ cÖ‡`‡ki DcRvwZMY mš¿¯— n‡q I‡Vb|
civwRZ ivRbëM© ÔKi cÖ`vb
K‡i, Av‡`k cvjb K‡i I mvgªv‡Rï cÖZ¨š— AÂ‡ji †hme ivR¨ Zvui ek¨Zv ¯^xKvi K‡i †m¸wji g‡a¨ wQj `w¶Y-c~e©
ek¨Zv Ávcb K‡i mgy`ª¸‡ßi evsjvi mgZU, Avmv‡gi WevK I Kvgiƒc, †bcvj, KZ…©cyi (mbv³KiY weZwK©Z) BZ¨vw`|
mgªv‡UvwPZ wb‡`©k cvjb
K‡iwQjÕ| Gjvnvev` wjwc‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q †h, civwRZ ivRbëM© ÔKi cÖ`vb K‡i, Av‡`k cvjb K‡i I
ek¨Zv Ávcb K‡i mgy`ª¸‡ßi mgªv‡UvwPZ wb‡`©k cvjb K‡iwQjÕ| Gfv‡e ¸ß mvgªv‡Rï mxgv
eû`~i ch©š— we¯—…Z nq| m¤¢eZ: mgy`ª¸ß Avh©ve‡Z©i †h Ask cÖZ¨¶fv‡e kvmb Ki‡Zb Zv DË‡i
wngvj‡qi cv`‡`k, `w¶‡Y wfjkv-ReŸjcyi GjvKv A_©vr weÜ¨ ce©Z I bg©`v, cwð‡g cvÄve
(c~e© cvÄve mvgªv‡Rï Aš—fz©³ wQj) Ges c~‡e© eªþcyÎ b` A_©vr mgZU e¨ZxZ mgMÖ evsjv ch©š—
mgy`ª¸‡ßi mvgªvR¨ wQj cÖfzZ¡
I ¯^vqZ¡kvm‡bi GK Ac~e©
we¯—…Z wQj| D‡j−L Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i †h, †QvUbvMcyi ce©Zgvjv †_‡K ga¨cÖ‡`‡ki cwðgvsk ch©š—
mgš^q| we¯—…Z AiŸvÂj Zvui mvgªvR¨fy³ n‡qwQj e‡j Gjvnvev` cÖkw¯—‡Z D‡j−L Av‡Q| GQvov
`vw¶Yv‡Zï ivRMY I mxgv‡š—i Ab¨vb¨ ivR¨¸‡jv Zvui AvbyMZ¨ ¯^xKvi K‡iwQj| myZivs GK_v
ejv †h‡Z cv‡i †h, mgy`ª¸‡ßi mvgªvR¨ wQj cÖfzZ¡ I ¯^vqZ¡kvm‡bi GK Ac~e© mgš^q| w`wM¦Rq
m¤úbœ K‡i mgy`ª¸ß ÔAk¦‡gahÁÕ Abyôvb K‡ib Ges GB h‡Ái ¯§„wZi¶vq ¯^Y©gy`ªv cÖPjb
K‡ib|
mgy`ª¸‡ßi L¨vwZ †KejgvÎ fvi‡ZB mxgve× wQj bv| h‡Zv`~i Rvbv hvq, gvje I †mŠivóª
m¤¢eZ gvjq DcØxc, mygvÎv ivRMY Zvu‡K bvbvcÖKvi Dc‡XŠKb cvVv‡Zb| wmsn‡ji ivRv †gNeg©b Zvui mfvq GKRb `~Z
I heØx‡ci Dcwb‡ek¸‡jvi
DciI Zvui ivR‰bwZK cÖfve †cÖiY K‡ib Ges mgy`ª¸‡ßi AbygwZµ‡g wZwb ey×Mqvq GKwU gV wbg©vY K‡ib| m¤¢eZ: gvjq
we¯—…Z n‡qwQj| DcØxc, mygvÎv I heØx‡ci Dcwb‡ek¸‡jvi DciI Zvui ivR‰bwZK cÖfve we¯—…Z n‡qwQj|
myZivs GUv ¯úó †h, mgy`ª¸‡ßi cÖfve cÖwZcwË Zvui ivR¨mxgvi evB‡iI A‡bK`~i we¯—…Z
n‡qwQj|
mgy`ª¸‡ßi ivR¨R‡qi weeiY †_‡K GUv wb:m‡›`n †h, wZwb GKRb mgiwekvi` I cÖwZfvevb
mgy`ª¸‡ßi ivR¨R‡qi weeiY †mbvcwZ wQ‡jb| ÔivR¨ AwaMÖnY KivB n‡jv ivRvi KZ©e¨ KvRÕ - GB bxwZ wb‡q wZwb KL‡bvB
†_‡K GUv wb:m‡›`n †h, wZwb
GKRb mgiwekvi` I BZ¯—Z: K‡ibwb| W: w¯§_ mgy`ª¸ß‡K ÔmvgªvRëv`x j¶¨ ev¯—evq‡b wb‡qvwRZ kvmKÕ wn‡m‡e
cÖwZfvevb †mbvcwZ wQ‡jb| eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Zvu‡K AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb ÔfviZxq †b‡cvwjqbÕ e‡j| W: †ngP›`ª ivq
†PŠayixi g‡Z, ÔAv-mgy`ªwngvPj we¯—…Z fviZf‚wg‡K GK kvm‡b Ave× KivB mgy`ª¸‡ßi j¶¨
wQjÕ| W: †ivwgjv _vcvi mgy`ª¸‡ßi ivR¨R‡qi cÖK…wZ wePvi Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡jb, Ômgy`ª¸ß eªvþY¨
ÔAv-mgy`ªwngvPj we¯—…Z mf¨Zvi aŸRv Dwo‡q ‡`bÕ| †Kvb †Kvb RvZxqev`x HwZnvwmK e‡jb, mgy`ª¸ß wQ‡jb
fviZf‚wg‡K GK kvm‡b Ave× Ôag©weRqxÕ| Zvu‡K ÔmvgªvRëv`xÕ ev ÔAvMÖvmxÕ ejv P‡j bv| fvi‡Zi ivR‰bwZK HK¨¯’vcbB
KivB mgy`ª¸‡ßi j¶¨ wQjÕ| mgy`ª¸‡ßi cÖavb j¶¨ wQj e‡j Zvu‡ì wek¦vm| W: Mqvj mgy`ª¸‡ßi mvgªvRëv`x bxwZi †cQ‡b
A_©‰bwZK D‡Ïk¨ j¶ K‡i‡Qb|
mgy`ª¸‡ßi K…wZZ¡
ivRKwe nwi‡l‡Yi ÔGjvnvev` cÖkw¯—Õ n‡Z mgy`ª¸‡ßi PwiÎ I K…wZZ¡ m¤§‡Ü eû wKQy Rvb‡Z
cviv hvq| wZwb †KejgvÎ GKRb w`wM¦Rqx †hv×vB wQ‡jb bv, wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb my`¶
mgy`ª¸ß †KejgvÎ GKRb
kvmKI | `w¶Y fvi‡Zi ivRv‡ì m¤ú‡K© wZwb †h wgÎZvg~jK bxwZ MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb, Zv‡Z
w`wM¦Rqx †hv×vB wQ‡jb bv,
wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb my`¶ Zvui K‚U‰bwZK Áv‡bi h‡_ó cwiPq cvIqv hvq| mgy`ª¸ß GKvav‡i mvgwiK exi Ges my`¶
kvmKI | kvm‡Ki cvkvcvwk eû KweZv wj‡L ÔKweivRÕ Dcvax †c‡qwQ‡jb e‡j nwi‡lY m~‡Î Rvbv †M‡Q|
m½xZI wQj Zvui Kv‡Q wcÖq| †Kvb †Kvb gy`ªvq DrKxY© mgy`ª¸‡ßi exYvev`biZ cÖwZg~wZ© n‡Z
cÖgvwYZ nq †h, m½xZ we`¨vq Zvui `¶Zv wQj| wZwb wQ‡jb we`¨vPP©viI c„ô‡cvlK| Kw_Z
Av‡Q, cÖwm× †eŠ× cwÛZ emyeÜz Zvui gš¿x wQ‡jb| wZwb eªvþY¨ a‡g©i AbyMvgx wQ‡jb Ges
Ak¦‡gahÁ m¤úv`b K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Ggb †Kvb cÖgvY cvIqv hvq bv †h, wZwb Ab¨vb¨ a‡g©i
cÖwZ Amwnòz wQ‡jb| Zvui ¯^Y©gy`ªv¸‡jv wkíKxwZ© wn‡m‡e we‡kl D‡j−L‡hvM¨|
nwi‡l‡Yi cÖkw¯—i Av‡jv‡K mgy`ª¸‡ßi K…wZZ¡ wePv‡ii †¶‡Î mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
mfvKwe wn‡m‡e A‡bK Z_¨B nwi‡lY evwo‡q e‡j‡Qb| mgy`ª¸ß mgMÖ fviZ Rq K‡ibwb GK_v
mgy`ª¸ß mvay e¨w³‡ì Kv‡Q
†hgb mZ¨, Zvui mvgªvR¨ †h fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡m me©e„nr mvgªvR¨ wQj - GK_vI wg‡_¨ bq| Z‡e
wQ‡jb Avkv AvKv•¶vi cÖZxK
Ges Amvay e¨w³‡ì Kv‡Q mgy`ª¸‡ßi Ab¨vb¨ ¸Yvejxi wel‡q cÖkw¯—‡Z AwZk‡qvw³ †bB e‡jB g‡b nq| cÖkw¯—‡Z
wZwb wQ‡jb cÖjq¯îƒc| mgy`ª¸ß‡K ÔAwPš—¨ cyi“lÕ wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GKB mv‡_ ejv n‡q‡Q wZwb mvay
e¨w³‡ì Kv‡Q wQ‡jb Avkv AvKv•¶vi cÖZxK Ges Amvay e¨w³‡ì Kv‡Q wZwb wQ‡jb
cÖjq¯îƒc|
mvi-ms‡¶c cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi mvgªvR¨‡Kw›`ªK BwZnv‡mi Z…Zxq ¸i“Z¡c~Y© avivq mgy`ª¸ß n‡”Qb cÖavb
e¨w³Z¡| Zvui w`wM¦R‡qi Kvwnbx cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡mi Ab¨Zg DcRxe¨| nwi‡l‡Yi
ivRcÖkw¯— †_‡K GB w`wM¦Rq m¤ú‡K© we¯—vwiZ Rvbv hvq| Z‡e GB weei‡Y h‡_ó AwZk‡qvw³
i‡q‡Q| Zv m‡Ë¡I wewfbœ Drm we‡k−lY K‡i †`Lv hvq, Avh©ve‡Z©i wekvj GK AÂ‡j
mgy`ª¸‡ßi cÖZ¨¶ kvmb Ges Gi msjMœ GK we¯—xY© AÂj c‡iv¶ kvmbvaxb wQj| wZwb
weRqm~PK Ôme©iv‡Rv‡”QËvÕ Dcvax aviY K‡iwQ‡jb| AvaywbK HwZnvwm‡Ki we‡ePbvq wZwb
ÔfviZxq †b‡cvwjqbÕ wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ n‡q‡Qb| mgy`ª¸ß GKvav‡i my`¶ kvmK Ges KweZv
I m½xZ iwmK e¨w³ wQ‡jb|

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
1| mgy`ª¸‡ßi wcZvg‡ni bvg−
K. N‡UvrKP ¸ß|
L. kªx ¸ß|
N. wØZxq P›`ª¸ß|
2| ÔGjvnvev` cÖkw¯—Õ iPbv K‡ib−
K. Kvwj`vm|
L. †gMvw¯’wbm|
M. nwi‡lY|
N. wekvL`Ë|
3| ÔGjvnvev` cÖkw¯—Õ fvlvi−
K. ˆgw_wj|
L. AjsK…Z ms¯‹…Z|
M. cvwj|
N. Zvwgj|
4| K‡bŠ‡Ri mv‡_ Awfbœ e‡j g‡b Kiv nq bvMiwU‡K−
K. gnvKvš—vi|
L. KvÂx|
M. †Kvkj|
N. cy®úcyi|
5| mgy`ª¸ß n‡jb ÔfviZxq †b‡cvwjqbÕ -Dw³wU K‡i‡Qb−
K. W: †ivwgjv _vcvi|
L. W: e¨vkvg|
M. W: i‡gkP›`ª gRyg`vi|
N. W: w¯§_|
6| nwi‡l‡Yi g‡Z DËi I `w¶Y fviZ civwRZ ivRvi msL¨v−
K. DËi fvi‡Zi 12 Rb Ges `w¶Y fvi‡Zi 9 Rb|
L. DËi fvi‡Zi 10 Rb Ges `w¶Y fvi‡Zi 12 Rb|
M. DËi fvi‡Zi 9 Rb Ges `w¶Y fvi‡Zi 12 Rb|
N. DËi fvi‡Zi 12 Rb Ges `w¶Y fvi‡Zi 10 Rb|
7| mgy`ª¸‡ßi ek¨Zv ¯^xKvi K‡iwQj−

K. KvÂx, †Kvkj, gnvKvš—vi, †e½x I Kz¯’jvcyi|
L. kªveš—x, Awn”QÎ, g_yiv, evKvUK I †KŠij|
M. mgZU, WevK, Kvgiƒc, †bcvj I KZ©„cyi|
N. †Kvgj, kªveš—x, WevK, †e½x I mgZU|
1. mgy`ª¸‡ßi BwZnv‡mi Dcv`vb Kx Kx? D‡j−L Ki“b|
2. ÒAv-mgy`ªwngvPj we¯—…Z fviZf‚wg‡K GK kvm‡b Ave× KivB mgy`ª¸‡ßi j¶¨ wQjÓ e¨vL¨v
Ki“b|
wØZxq P›`ª¸ß weµgvw`Z¨

cvV 7
D‡Ïk¨
◗ wØZxq P›`ª¸‡ßi mg‡q ¸ß mvgªv‡Rï cÖf‚Z DbœwZi cwiPq w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ wØZxq P›`ª¸‡ßi K…wZZ¡ m¤ú‡K© eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ weµgvw`Z¨ welqK wKse`š—x m¤ú‡K© weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
wØZxq P›`ª¸ß t BwZnv‡mi Dcv`vb

mgy`ª¸‡ßi g„Zzï ci Zvui g‡bvbqb Abymv‡i ZvuiB cyÎ wØZxq P›`ª¸ß gM‡ai wmsnvm‡b e‡mb|
wØZxq P›`ª¸ß wewfbœ bv‡g AwfwnZ wQ‡jb, h_v- weµgvw`Z¨, b‡i›`ªP›`ª, wmsnP›`ª, †èivR,
†èkªx, †è¸ß BZ¨vw`| †Kvb †Kvb HwZnvwmK Abygvb K‡ib †h, mgy`ª¸ß I wØZxq P›`ª¸‡ßi
gaëZ©x mg‡q ivg¸ß bv‡g Avi GKRb ¸ß mgªvU ivRZ¡ K‡ib| wKš‘ GB Abygv‡bi †Kvb
wØZxq P›`ª¸ß 375 wLªóv‡ãi
w`‡K wmsnvm‡b e‡mb Ges 40
HwZnvwmK wfwË †bB| †KejgvÎ ¸‡ßvËi mvwn‡Z¨B ivg¸‡ßi bvg cvIqv hvq, †Kvb cÖZœZvwË¡K
eQi ivRZ¡ K‡i 415 wLª÷v‡ã mv‡¶¨ Zvui bvg mgw_©Z bq| wØZxq P›`ª¸‡ßi ivRZ¡Kv‡j iwPZ exi‡mb - Gi D`qwMwi
†`nZ¨vM K‡ib| ¸nvwjwc, Gib wkjvwjwc mn Ab¨vb¨ wjwcgvjv, mgmvgwqK gy`ªv I mvwnZ¨ Ges ˆPwbK weeiY
n‡Z cÖPzi HwZnvwmK Z_¨ cvIqv hvq| g_yiv I mvuPx wjwci mv¶¨ Abymv‡i wØZxq P›`ª¸ß 375
wLªóv‡ãi w`‡K wmsnvm‡b e‡mb Ges 40 eQi ivRZ¡ K‡i 415 wLª÷v‡ã †`nZ¨vM K‡ib|
ivR¨ we¯—vi
DËivwaKvi m~‡Î wØZxq P›`ª¸ß GK wekvj mvgªv‡Rï Aaxk¦i nb| wcZvgn cÖ_g P›`ª¸‡ßi
Abymi‡Y wZwb bvM I evKvUK ivRes‡ki mv‡_ êevwnK m¤úK© ¯’vcb K‡i GB mvgªvR¨‡K Av‡iv
my`„p K‡ib| wZwb wb‡R bvM ivRKb¨v Kz‡ei †èx‡K weevn K‡ib I Zvi d‡j fvi‡Zi c~e©
mxgv‡š— ¸ß mvgªvR¨mxgv we¯—…Z nq| Gici wZwb wbR Kb¨v cÖfveZxi m‡½ evKvUK b„cwZ wØZxq
i“`ª‡mbvi weevn w`‡q H iv‡Rï m‡½ ˆgÎx eÜ‡b Ave× nb| bvM I evKvUK‡ì mv‡_ GB
m¤§Ü cwðg fvi‡Zi kKM‡Yi wei“‡× hy‡× we‡kl mnvqK n‡qwQj, KviY Zvuiv †h f‚-L‡Û
ivRZ¡ Ki‡Zb Zv n‡Z ¸RivU I †mŠiv‡óªi kK ivR¨ AvµgYKvix DËi fviZxq kvmK‡K Zvuiv
wØZxq P›`ª¸ß cÖ_‡g cvUjxcyÎ
Ges c‡i D¾wqbx‡Z h‡_ó mvnvh¨ A_ev evuav cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb| gy`ªvi mv¶¨ n‡Z Rvbv hvq †h, wØZxq P›`ª¸ß
mvgªv‡Rï ivRavbx ¯’vcb cieZ©x‡Z kK& ivR¨¸wj AwaKvi K‡ib| kK‡ì aŸsm mvab K‡i wZwb ÔkKvixÕ Dcvax †bb|
K‡ib| Kvjµ‡g D¾wqbx ¸ß cwðg gvje, ¸RivU I Kvw_qvev‡o kK kvm‡bi Aemv‡bi d‡j ¸ß mvgªvR¨ Avie mvM‡ii Zxi
mvgªvR¨ Z_v fvi‡Zi ch©š— we¯—…Z nq| Gi d‡j cvðvZ¨ †`k¸‡jvi mv‡_ fvi‡Zi evwYwR¨K †hvMv‡hvM e„w× cvq -
mvs¯‹…wZK †K‡›`ª cwiYZ nq| Gfv‡e ¸ß fvi‡Zi A_©‰bwZK DbœwZi c_I nq cÖk¯—| wØZxq P›`ª¸ß cÖ_‡g cvUjxcyÎ Ges
c‡i D¾wqbx‡Z mvgªv‡Rï ivRavbx ¯’vcb K‡ib| Kvjµ‡g D¾wqbx ¸ß mvgªvR¨ Z_v fvi‡Zi
mvs¯‹…wZK †K‡›`ª cwiYZ nq|
wØZxq P›`ª¸ß e½‡`k Rq K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j GKwU m~Î †_‡K Rvbv hvq| w`j−xi KzZzewgbv‡ii Kv‡Q
Ô†gnivIqvjxÕ‡Z cÖvß GKwU †jŠn¯—‡¤¢ ÔP›`ªÕ bvgavix R‰bK ivRvi mb-ZvwiL wenxb wjwc‡Z
wjwc‡Z ewY©Z e¨w³ hw` wØZxq †Lvw`Z Av‡Q- ÔivRv P›`ª c~e©e‡½i kÎ“fvevcbœ ivRMY‡K `gb Ges ga¨ Gwkqvq evnjxK
P›`ª¸ß nb Zvn‡j wZwb
m¤¢eZ: e½‡`‡ki mvgš—
(ej&L) †`k AwaKvi K‡ibÕ| HwZnvwmK i‡gkP›`ª gRyg`vi ÔP›`ªÕ ‡K wØZxq P›`ª¸ß e‡j wPwýZ
ivRv‡ì we‡`ªvn `g‡b GwM‡q K‡i‡Qb| we‡ivax g‡Zi cÖeZ©Kiv e‡jb, m¤¢eZ: GB ÔP›`ªÕ n‡jb cÖ_g P›`ª¸ß A_ev P›`ª¸ß
G‡mwQ‡jb Ges `w¶Y-c~e© †gŠh©| W: Mqvj Aek¨ e‡jb, ÔP›`ªÕ hw` bvg bv n‡q ivRvi †`n mylgv eY©bvi we‡klY n‡q _v‡K
evsjv ev mgZU `Lj Z‡e Ô†gn&ivIqvjx ¯—¤¢wjwcÕi eY©bv mgy`ª¸‡ßi †¶‡ÎI cÖhy³ n‡Z cv‡i| hvB †nvK bv †Kb,
K‡iwQ‡jb wjwc‡Z ewY©Z e¨w³ hw` wØZxq P›`ª¸ß nb Zvn‡j wZwb m¤¢eZ: e½‡`‡ki mvgš—ivRv‡ì we‡`ªvn
`g‡b GwM‡q G‡mwQ‡jb Ges `w¶Y-c~e© evsjv ev mgZU `Lj K‡iwQ‡jb|
wKse`š—xi weµgvw`Z¨
†Kvb †Kvb HwZnvwmK wØZxq P›`ª¸ß‡K wKse`š—xi gnvivR weµgvw`‡Zï mv‡_ Awfbœ e‡j g‡b
K‡ib| Kw_Z Av‡Q, weµgvw`Z¨ kK‡ì‡K civwRZ K‡iwQ‡jb Ges gnvKwe Kvwj`vm mn
†Kvb †Kvb HwZnvwmK wØZxq
ÔbeiZœÕ Zvui ivRmfv AjsK…Z Ki‡Zb| P›`ª¸ß cwðg fvi‡Zi kK‡ì‡K civwRZ K‡ib, GwU
P›`ª¸ß‡K wKse`š—xi gnvivR HwZnvwmK mZ¨| gnvKwe Kvwj`vm Zvui c„ô‡cvlKZv jvf K‡iwQ‡jb, GwUI mZ¨ n‡Z cv‡i|
weµgvw`‡Zï mv‡_ Awfbœ GKvi‡YB nq‡Zv c‡i wØZxq P›`ª¸ß‡K wb‡q †h wKse`š—x M‡o I‡V Zv †_‡K weµgvw`‡Zï
e‡j g‡b K‡ib Kvwnbx ev wKse`š—x m„wó nq| wKš‘ ÔbeiZœÕ - Gi mevB wØZxq P›`ª¸‡ßi mgq RxweZ wQ‡jb bv|
†hgb, Ô†R¨vwZwe©` eivnwgwni †h Zvui mgmvgwqK wQ‡jb bvÕ Zv wbwðZ| GQvov wKse`š—x
Abymv‡i weµgvw`Z¨ ÔweµgvãÕ cÖeZ©b K‡ib| weµgvã wLª÷c~e© 52 A‡ã ïi“ nq| myZivs
†Kvbµ‡gB wØZxq P›`ª¸ß‡K Gi cÖeZ©K ejv P‡j bv| Z‡e m¤¢eZ: GB A‡ãi mv‡_ ÔweµgÕ
bv‡gi †hvMv‡hvM cieZ©x hy‡Mi Avwe®‹vi| hvB †nvK bv †Kb, weµgvw`‡Zï wKse`š—x Rbgvb‡m
cieZ©x hy‡M GKvav‡i mgy`ª¸‡ßi w`wM¦Rq, wØZxq P›`ª¸‡ßi ms¯‹…wZ cÖqvm I ¯‹Ü¸‡ßi n~b
weRq‡K wgwkªZ K‡iB M‡o I‡V e‡j g‡b Kiv nq|
wØZxq P›`ª¸‡ßi K…wZZ¡

wØZxq P›`ª¸‡ßi ivRZ¡Kv‡jB ¸ß mvgªvR¨ DbœwZ I †MŠi‡ei Pig wkL‡i †cŠu‡QwQj| mgy`ª¸ß‡K
mgy`ª¸ß‡K hw` ¸ß mvgªv‡Rï
hw` ¸ß mvgªv‡Rï we¯—viKZ©v ejv hvq Z‡e wØZxq P›`ª¸ß‡K GB mvgªv‡Rï msMVK ejv P‡j|
we¯—viKZ©v ejv hvq Z‡e wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb exi‡hv×v I my`¶ kvmK| mvgwiK cÖwZfvi cvkvcvwk mvwnZ¨-ms¯‹…wZi
wØZxq P›`ª¸ß‡K GB cÖwZI Zvui wQj cÖMvp AbyivM| we‡`¨vrmvnx mgªvU wn‡m‡e wZwb L¨vwZ AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb| gnvKwe
mvgªv‡Rï msMVK ejv P‡j Kvwj`vm wQ‡jb Zvui mgKvjxb| be-i‡Zœi †ek K‡qKRb Zvui mfv AjsK…Z Ki‡Zb| wZwb
Ôweµgvw`Z¨Õ ev Ôkw³i m~h©Õ Dcvax MÖnY K‡ib| GB Dcvaxi Kvi‡Y A‡b‡KB wØZxq P›`ª¸ß‡K
ÔwKse`š—xi weµgvw`Z¨Õ wn‡m‡e g‡b K‡ib| Zvui cieZ©xKv‡j Kzgvi¸ß Ges ¯‹Ü¸ß
¸ßmvgªv‡Rï nvj a‡ib|
mvi-ms‡¶c mgy`ª¸‡ßi DËivwaKvix wn‡m‡e wØZxq P›`ª¸ß GK wekvj mvgªvR¨ kvmb K‡ib| cwðg fviZ
†_‡K kK‡ì weZvob Zvui gyL¨ mvgwiK K…wZZ¡| GQvovI Ab¨vb¨ w`‡K wZwb mvgªvR¨
m¤úÖmviY K‡ib Ges `„p kvmb cÖwZôv K‡ib| êevwnK m¤úK© ¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g wZwb bvM I
evKvUK eskxq ivRv‡ì mv‡_ eÜzZ¡ ¯’vcb K‡ib| gnvKwe Kvwj`vmmn A‡bK Ávbx-¸Yx
e¨w³ Zvui mfv AjsK…Z K‡iwQ‡jb| †kŠh©-exh© I wk¶v-ms¯‹…wZ I A_©‰bwZK DbœwZi cwiPq
enb K‡i Zvui ivRZ¡Kvj| wØZxq P›`ª¸ßB m¤¢eZ: ÔwKse`š—xi weµgvw`Z¨Õ|

ˆbe¨©w³K cÖkœ
1| Ôweµgvw`Z¨Õ k‡ãi A_©−
K. m~‡h©ï kw³|
L. c„w_exi kw³|
M. kw³i m~h©|
N. c„w_exi m~h©|
2| wØZxq P›`ª¸ß êevwnK m¤§Ü ¯’vcb K‡ib−
K. wj”Qweqv: I b›` ivRes‡ki mv‡_|
L. kK I bvM ivRes‡ki mv‡_|
M. evKvUK I kK ivRes‡ki mv‡_|
N. bvM I evKvUK ivRes‡ki mv‡_|
3| wØZxq P›`ª¸‡ßi wØZxq ivRavbx n‡”Q−

K. D¾wqbx|
L. Z¶kxjv|
M. cvUjxcyÎ|
N. cy®úbMi|
4| ÔP›`ªÕ bvgavix ivRv KZ©„K e½‡`k AwaKv‡ii msev` Rvbvi Drm n‡”Q−
K. D`qwMwi ¸nvwjwc †_‡K|
L. Gjvnvev` cÖkw¯— †_‡K|
M. †gnivIqvjx ¯—¤¢wjwc †_‡K|
N. ˆPwbK weeiY †_‡K|
5| kK kvm‡bi Aemv‡bi d‡j ¸ß mvgªvR¨ we¯—…Z nq−
K. eªþcyÎ b`xi Zxi ch©š—|
L. bg©`v b`xi Zxi ch©š—|
M. e‡½vcmvM‡ii Zxi ch©š—|
N.Avie mvM‡ii Zxi ch©š—|
6| wØZxq P›`ª¸‡ßi mgKvjxb Kwei bvg−
K. Kwe nwi‡lY|
L. Kwe exi‡mb|
M. Kwe Kvwj`vm|
N. Kwe mÜ¨vKi b›`x|
1. wØZxq P›`ª¸‡ßi BwZnv‡mi Dcv`vb Kx? D‡j−L Ki“b|
2. wØZxq P›`ª¸‡ßi ivR¨ we¯—vi Kvwnbx ms‡¶‡c eY©bv Ki“b|
dv-wn‡q‡bi eY©bvq mgKvjxb fviZ

cvV 8
D‡Ïk¨
◗ wPbv ch©UK dv-wn‡qb m¤ú‡K© eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ ¸ß hy‡M fvi‡Zi Av_©-mvgvwRK Gs ag©xq Ae¯’vi weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ BwZnv‡mi Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e we‡`kx‡ì eY©bvi ¸i“Z¡ m¤ú‡K© g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
dv-wn‡q‡bi cwiwPwZ
mgªvU A‡kv‡Ki ivRZ¡Kv‡j ga¨ Gwkqvq †eŠ× a‡g©i †h cÖPvi ïi“ nq Kvjµ‡g Zv cÖmvwiZ nq
wLª÷xq Z…Zxq kZvãx †_‡K wPb †`‡kI| KzlvY Avg‡j fviZ †_‡K †eŠ× ag©hvR‡Kiv wP‡b wM‡q wPbv fvlvq †eŠ× a‡g©i
Aóg kZvãxi g‡a¨ †hme
MÖš’vw` Abyev` ïi“ K‡ib| Gmgq wPb‡`‡k †eŠ× ag© e¨vcK cÖmvi jvf K‡i| G mgqB †KD
†eŠ× cwieªvRK fvi‡Z Av‡mb
Zvu‡ì g‡a¨ cy‡ivav e¨w³Z¡ †KD fvi‡Z Av‡mb ey‡×i ¯§„wZ weRwoZ ¯’vb¸wj †`Levi Rb¨ Ges †eŠ×ag© m¤ú‡K© mg¨K Ávb
n‡jb dv-wn‡qb AR©b Ki‡Z| wLª÷xq Z…Zxq kZvãx †_‡K Aóg kZvãxi g‡a¨ †hme †eŠ× cwieªvRK fvi‡Z
Av‡mb Zvu‡ì g‡a¨ cy‡ivav e¨w³Z¡ n‡jb dv-wn‡qb| wZwb wQ‡jb wP‡bi P¨vsMvb kn‡ii
dv-wn‡q‡bi cÖK…Z bvg Kz½, Awaevmx| GwU kvbmx cÖ‡`‡ki cÖavb kni| dv-wn‡q‡bi cÖK…Z bvg Kz½, †eŠ× a‡g© `xw¶Z nevi
†eŠ× a‡g© `xw¶Z nevi ci ci Zvui bvgKiY nq dv-wn‡qb − hvi A_© Ôweb‡qi cÖwZg~wZ©|
Zvui bvgKiY nq dv-wn‡qb −
hvi A_© Ôweb‡qi cÖwZg~wZ© 399 wLª÷v‡ã dv-wn‡qb fviZ Awfgy‡L hvÎv K‡ib| †Mvwe, †LvUvb, cvwgi gvjf‚wg Gs MvÜvi
†`k AwZµg K‡i wZwb 401 wLª÷v‡ã fvi‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡ib| wZwb Uvbv 10 eQi fvi‡Zi wewfbœ
¯’v‡b ågY K‡iwQ‡jb| Gi g‡a¨ 6 eQi wZwb ¸ß mvgªv‡Rï g‡a¨ AwZevwnZ K‡ib| dv-wn‡qb
cvUjxcyÎ bMix‡Z 3 eQi Ges evsjvi cÖvPxb mgy`ª e›ì Zvgªwjwß‡Z 2 eQi emevm K‡iwQ‡jb|
GB ¯’vb n‡Z wZwb †eŠ× kv¯¿ MÖš’vw` mn wmsnj I beØxc n‡q †`‡k cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib| dv-
wn‡qb hwÌ Zvui ågY e„Ëv‡š— †Kvb ivRvi bvg D‡j−L K‡ibwb, Zey GUv wb:m‡›`‡n ejv hvq
†h, wZwb wØZxq P›`ª¸‡ßi mgqB fviZ Av‡mb| Zvui weeiY ¸ß hy‡Mi mvgwMÖK BwZnv‡mi Rb¨
GKwU g~jëvb Dcv`vb|
cvUjxcyÎ I Zvgªwjwß
cvUjxcyÎ Ges Zvgªwjwß bMi m¤ú‡K© dv-wn‡qb we¯—vwiZ weeiY †i‡L †M‡Qb| cvUjxcy‡Î wZwb
cvUjxcyÎ Ges Zvgªwjwß bMi
`ywU e„n`vKvi †eŠ× gV †`‡LwQ‡jb| eû wk¶v_©x GLv‡b †eŠ×kv¯¿ co‡Zb| GB bM‡i A‡kv‡Ki
m¤ú‡K© dv-wn‡qb we¯—vwiZ wbwg©Z aŸsmcÖvß ivRcÖvmv‡ì Kvi“KvR I wbg©vY ˆbcyY¨ dv-wn‡qb‡K gy» K‡iwQj| GLvbKvi
weeiY †i‡L †M‡Qb bvMwiK‡ì m”Qj Rxebhvcb I Zv‡ì `vbkxjZvi wZwb f‚qmx cÖksmv K‡ib| wZwb iv¯—vi
cv‡k AmsL¨ mivBLvbv †`L‡Z cvb| `wi`ª I `y:¯’ †ivMx‡ì Rb¨ wbwg©Z `vZe¨ wPwKrmvjq I
eû Abv_ AvkªgI wZwb †`‡LwQ‡jb| cvUjxcyÎ †_‡K P¤úv (eZ©gvb wenv‡ii fvMjcyi) n‡q
wZwb M½v b`xi †gvnbvq Aew¯’Z Zvgªwjwß e›`‡i Av‡mb| eZ©gvb cwðge‡½i †gw`bxcyi †Rjvi
Zg&jyKB n‡”Q GB Zvgªwjwß| Zvui †jLv †_‡K Rvbv hvq, GwU wQj ivRavbx kni| GLv‡b wZwb
24wU †eŠ× wenvi I AmsL¨ †eŠ× wf¶z †`L‡Z cvb| Zvgªwjwß‡Z wZwb †eŠ×kv‡¯¿i Aa¨qb, cyuw_
bKj Ges †eŠ× g~wZ©i wPÎ I bK&kv AsK‡bi Kv‡R AvÍ wb‡qvM K‡ib| GQvovI dv-wn‡qb
†eŠ×Mqv bMi, Z¶kxjv, †c‡kvqvi, K‡bŠR, g_yiv, kªve¯—x, Kwcjve¯‘, KzkxbMi Ges D¾wqbx
bM‡ii K_v wj‡L‡Qb|
kvmb eë¯’v
dv-wn‡qb mgKvjxb fvi‡Zi
dv-wn‡qb mgKvjxb fvi‡Zi A_©vr ¸ß kvmb eë¯’vi D”Q¡wmZ cÖksmv K‡ib| Zvui g‡Z, ¸ß
A_©vr ¸ß kvmb eë¯’vi kvmb-cÖYvjx wQj mywbqwš¿Z| kvmbwewa wQj D`vi, `Ûwewai †Kvb K‡VviZv wQj bv| wQj bv
D”Q¡wmZ cÖksmv K‡ib †`‡ki GK¯’vb n‡Z Ab¨¯’v‡b hvZvqv‡Zi Dci †Kvb wewawb‡la| `vwqZ¡kxj ivRKg©Pvwi‡ì
Øviv †`k kvwmZ n‡Zv| kvmK †kªYx KZ©„K RbMY wbh©vwZZ n‡Zb bv| Drcbœ k‡mï GK wbw`©ó
Ask ivRKi wn‡m‡e aiv n‡Zv| A_©`Û wQj mvaviY Aciv‡ai kvw¯—| †KejgvÎ ivR‡`ªvwnZvi
Aciv‡a Awfhy³ e¨w³i A½‡”Q` Kiv n‡Zv| cÖvY`Û wQj LyeB Aí †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨|
RbM‡Yi RxebhvÎv
dv-wn‡qb wj‡L‡Qb, mgKvjxb dv-wn‡qb wj‡L‡Qb, mgKvjxb fvi‡Zi †jL‡Kiv wQ‡jb myLx I mš‘ó| RbM‡Yi ˆbwZK gvb wQj
fvi‡Zi †jL‡Kiv wQ‡jb myLx DbœZ| Zviv †g‡b Pj‡Zb Awnsmv bxwZ| RbmvaviY cÖavbZ wbivwgl Lv`¨ cQ›` Ki‡Zb|
I mš‘ó| RbM‡Yi ˆbwZK gvb
wQj DbœZ| Zviv †g‡b Pj‡Zb
†cuqvR ev imyb Zviv †L‡Zb bv| PÛvjiv gvsm Ges g` †L‡Zb| Z‡e Zviv bM‡ii evB‡i evm
Awnsmv bxwZ Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡Zb| dv-wn‡qb e‡jb, †eŠ× ag© mviv fvi‡ZB cÖfve we¯—vi K‡iwQj| Z‡e
cvÄve, g_yiv Ges evsjvq wQj Gi cÖvavb¨| fvi‡Zi ivRv wn›`y n‡jI †eŠ× a‡g©i cÖwZ ivRKxq
c„ô‡cvlKZv wQj j¶Yxq| dv-wn‡q‡bi weeiY n‡Z c‡iv¶fv‡e wQj j¶Yxq| dv-wn‡q‡bi
dv-wn‡q‡bi weeiY n‡Z
c‡iv¶fv‡e AbywgZ nq,
weeiY n‡Z c‡iv¶fv‡e AbywgZ nq, mgv‡R eY©‡f` cÖ_v cÖejfv‡e weivRgvb wQj| g_yivi
mgv‡R eY©‡f` cÖ_v cÖejfv‡e `w¶YvÂj‡K dv-wn‡qb ga¨‡`k e‡j eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| G AÂ‡j eªvþY‡ì AvwacZ¨ wQj cÖej|
weivRgvb wQj Z‡e fvi‡Zi me©ÎB åvg¨gvb †eŠ× wf¶z‡ì cÖwZ m`q eënvi Kiv n‡Zv Ges RbwnZKi KvR
I gw›ì- gV wbg©v‡Yi e¨vcv‡i weËkvjx‡ì g‡a¨ ixwZg‡Zv cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Pj‡Zv|
ewne©vwYR¨
dv-wn‡q‡bi weeiY n‡Z fvi‡Zi ewne©vwYR¨ m¤ú‡K© ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Z_¨ cvIqv hvq| Zvui weeiYx‡Z
A‡bK evwYR¨Zixi D‡j−L Av‡Q| mvgªv‡Rï c~e© DcK‚‡ji Zvgªwjwß Ges cwðg DcK‚‡ji
†mvcviK evwY‡Rï cÖavb †K›`ª I e›ì wQj| fviZxq ewYKMY wmsnj I c~e©-fviZxq Øxccy‡Ä
evwYR¨ Ki‡Zb e‡j Rvbv hvq| Gi gva¨‡g fviZ AR©b Ki‡Zv ARmª ¯^Y© I g~jëvb avZe
gy`ªv| dv-wn‡qb my¯úófv‡e ¸ß mvgªv‡Rï †bŠ-ej I evwYR¨Zixi D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb|
¸i“Z¡
dv-wn‡q‡bi ågb e„Ëvš— Ô†dv-Kz‡qv-wKsÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| GwU fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡mi GKwU wewkó I
dv-wn‡q‡bi ågb e„Ëvš— Ô†dv- cÖvgvY¨ `wjj| we‡kl K‡i ¸ß mvgªv‡Rï BwZnvm iPbvi †¶‡Î we‡kl g~jëvb Dcv`vb|
Kz‡qv-wKsÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| GwU cÖvPxbKvj †_‡K wP‡bi mv‡_ fvi‡Zi †h mvs¯‹…wZK †hvMv‡hvM PjwQj dv-wn‡q‡bi gva¨‡g Zv
fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡mi GKwU
mywbwðZfv‡e Rvbv hvq| GKRb we‡`kx wn‡m‡e fvi‡Zi mgKvjxb mgvR Rxeb, A_©‰bwZK
wewkó I cÖvgvY¨ `wjj
Ae¯’v, kvmbeë¯’v Ges ag©xq Rxeb m¤ú‡K© †h Z_¨ dv-wn‡qb w`‡q‡Qb, Zv‡Z fzj Lye GKUv
†bB| fvi‡Zi AvenvIqv Ges cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`‡h©i weg~Z© GK wPÎI wZwb Gu‡K‡Qb|
86 eQi eq‡m dv-wn‡qb `w¶Y wP‡b g„Zz¨ eiY K‡ib| g„Zzï c~‡e© wZwb ey‡×i wbKU GB e‡j
cÖv_©bv K‡ib †h, cybR©b¥ n‡j wZwb †hb fvi‡ZB Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|
mvi-ms‡¶c wPbv cwieªvRK dv-wn‡qb ¸ß mgªvU wØZxq P›`ª¸‡ßi kvmbKv‡j †MŠZgey‡×i ¯§„wZweRwoZ
¯’vb¸wj cwi`k©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ 399 wLªóv‡ã fviZ Awfgy‡L hvÎv K‡ib| fviZ I `:c~e©
Gwkqvi K‡qKwU Øxc mdi K‡i wZwb 414 wLª÷v‡ã †`‡k wd‡i hvb| dv-wn‡q‡bi eY©bvq
cvUjxcyÎ, Zvgªwjwß, Z¶kxjv, mvibv_, g_yiv, †c‡kvqvi, KzkxbMimn †ek wKQy cÖwm× ¯’v‡bi
weeiY Av‡Q| Zvui ågY Kvwnbx †_‡K ¸ßhyMxq fvi‡Zi Av_©-mvgvwRK, ag©xq Ges
c‡iv¶fv‡e ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’vi wKQy wPÎ cvIqv hvq, hv LyeB ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| dv-wn‡qb ¸ß
kvm‡bi D”Q¡wmZ cÖksmv K‡ib| ag© wel‡q ¸ß mgªvU‡ì J`v‡h© wZwb gy» nb| mgMÖ iv‡óª
wZwb kvwš— I mg„w× cÖZ¨¶ K‡ib| †gvÏv K_v n‡jv - dv-wn‡q‡bi ågY wjwc fvi‡Zi
BwZnv‡mi GKwU wewkó I cÖvgvY¨ `wjj|

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
1| dv-wn‡qb fviZ Awfgy‡L hvÎv K‡ib−
K. 499 wLª÷v‡ã|
L. 399 wLª÷v‡ã|
M. 299 wLª÷v‡ã|
N. 410 wLª÷v‡ã|
2| dv wn‡q‡bi AvMgbKv‡j fvi‡Zi ivRv wQ‡jb−
K. mgy`ª¸ß|
L. P›`ª¸ß †gŠh©|
N. wØZxq P›`ª¸ß|
3| ÔZvgªwjwßiÕ L¨vwZi KviY−
K. cÖvPxb evsjvi weL¨vZ ivResk e‡j|
L. cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi weL¨vZ ivRavbx e‡j|
M. cÖvPxb evsjvi weL¨vZ mgy`ª e›ì e‡j|
N. cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi weL¨vZ ¯’j e›ì e‡j|
4| ¸ß kvmbKv‡j fvi‡Zi cwðg DcK‚‡ji cÖavb evwYR¨ †K‡›`ªi bvg−
K. Zvgªwjwß|
L. †mvcviK|
M. g_yiv|
N. cvÄve|
5| dv-wn‡q‡bi ågY-e„Ëv‡š—i bvg−
K. q¨vs-qv-k¨vs-jvb|
L. kxn&Kx|
M. dz-Kz‡qv-wKs|
N. ZvI-wq-wP-wj‡qn|
6| Zvgªwjwß‡Z dv-wn‡qb KvR wQj−
K. cyuw_ bKj I †eŠ× wenv‡ii wn‡me cÖYqb|
L. cyuw_ bKj I ågY e„Ëvš— wjwce×KiY|
M. cyuw_ bKj I †MŠZg ey‡×i g~wZ© wbg©vY|
N. cyuw_ bKj I †eŠ× g~wZ©i wPÎ I bK&kv AsKb|
1. dv-wn‡q‡bi cwiPq w`b|
2. dv-wn‡q‡bi `„wó‡Z ZrKvjxb fvi‡Z kvmb eë¯’v †Kgb wQj?
3. dvwn‡q‡bi eY©bvq mgKvjxb fvi‡Zi RbM‡Yi RxebhvÎv †Kgb wQj? wjLyb|
¸ß hy‡Mi kvmb eë¯’v

cvV 9
D‡Ïk¨
◗ ¸ß kvmb eë¯’vi wewfbœ w`K m¤ú‡K© weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ ¸ß kvmb eë¯’vi ¸i“Z¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ cÖvPxb fvi‡Z kvmb eë¯’vi AMÖMwZ m¤ú‡K© g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
¸ß kvmb eë¯’vi êwkó¨

¸ß kvmb eë¯’v m¤ú‡K© ¸ß wkjvwjwç‡jv, we‡klZ: `v‡gvì wjwc, emiv wmj wjwc, wewfbœ
f‚wg cÆjx, dv-wn‡q‡bi weeiY cÖf…wZ n‡Z eû Z_¨ cvIqv hvq| GQvov Kvg›`‡Ki bxwZmvi
Ges Ab¨vb¨ ¯§„wZkv¯¿¸‡jv‡Z ¸ß kvm‡bi wKQy wew¶ß D‡j−L i‡q‡Q| cÖvß GB Dcv`vb¸‡jvi
mvnv‡h¨ ¸ß kvmb eë¯’v m¤ú‡K© ¯úó aviYv cvIqv m¤¢e|
mgy`ª¸ß Ges wØZxq P›`ª¸ß †KejgvÎ mvgwiK kw³i mvn‡h¨ GKwU wekvj mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôv
A‡bK HwZnvwmK ¸ß kvmb K‡ibwb, my`„p I kw³kvjx kvmbeë¯’vi gva¨‡g Zv‡K msMwVZI K‡iwQ‡jb| Zvu‡ì cÖYxZ
eë¯’v‡K ÔcÖRvwn‰Zlx ˆ¯îZš¿Õ kvmb eë¯’vi `y‡Uv êwkó¨ cwijw¶Z nq| cÖ_gZ: ¸ß ivRvMY kvmb eë¯’vi †¶‡Î †Kvbiƒc
e‡j _v‡Kb
†gŠwjKZv †`Lv‡Z cv‡ibwb| Zvuiv c~e©eZ©xKv‡ji HwZn¨ I kvmbbxwZi aviv AbymiY K‡i
kvmbc×wZ iPbv K‡ib| Z‡e, mgmvgwqK hy‡Mi cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i Zvuiv c~e©eZ©x hy‡Mi kvmb
cÖYvjxi cwieZ©b I ms¯‹vi mvab K‡iwQ‡jb| wØZxqZ: ¸ß kvmb eë¯’v wQj my`¶, RbwnZKi
I c¶cvZnxb| Rbmvavi‡Yi wbivcËv I g½j m¤ú‡K© ¸ßivRMY me©`vB mRvM `„wó ivL‡Zb|
G Kvi‡Y A‡bK HwZnvwmK ¸ß kvmb eë¯’v‡K ÔcÖRvwn‰Zlx ˆ¯îZš¿Õ e‡j _v‡Kb|
ivRZ‡š¿i weKvk
¸ß kvmb eë¯’vq fvi‡Z ivRZ‡š¿i cÖvavb¨ cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj| ivRvi ¶gZv wQj AcÖwZnZ;
¸ß kvmb eë¯’vq fvi‡Z Zvuiv ÔivRvi Hk¦wiK kw³i gZev‡` wek¦vmx n‡q c‡owQ‡jb| Gjvnvev` cÖkw¯—‡Z mgªvU
ivRZ‡š¿i cÖvavb¨ cÖwZwôZ mgy`ª¸ß‡K Kz‡ei, B›`ª I ei“‡Yi mgZzj¨ e‡j AwfwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| mgªvU c` wQj
n‡qwQj| ivRvi ¶gZv wQj
eskvbyµwgK| †`‡k kvwš— I k„sLjv eRvq ivLv Ges we‡`kx kÎ“i AvµgY n‡Z cÖRvmvaviY‡K
AcÖwZnZ; Zvuiv ÔivRvi
Hk¦wiK kw³i gZev‡` wek¦vmx i¶v Kiv wQj ivRvi cÖavb `vwqZ¡| ivRvB wQ‡jb mKj ¶gZvi †K›`ªwe›`y| ivóªxq bxwZ wba©viY
n‡q c‡owQ‡jb Kiv, AvBb cÖYqb Kiv, b¨vq wePvi I hy× cwiPvjbv Kiv ivRvi †bZ…‡Z¡B m¤úbœ n‡Zv| Zvui
ØvivB g‡bvbxZ gš¿x I ivRKg©Pvwi Øviv wZwb kvmbKvR Pvjv‡Zb| ivRv‡K wbqš¿Y Kivi g‡Zv
†Kvb ai‡bi eë¯’v iv‡R¨ wQj bv|
†K›`ªxq kvmb
myôzfv‡e kvmbKvR cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ ivRv gš¿x I D”Pc`¯’ ivRKg©Pvwi‡ì mvnvh¨ wb‡Zb|
gš¿xcÌ A‡bK †¶‡Î eskvbyµwgK n‡qwQj| wZbRb wQ‡jb gš¿xe‡M©i g‡a¨ cÖavb - Giv n‡jb
wZbRb wQ‡jb gš¿xe‡M©i g‡a¨
cÖavb - Giv n‡jb cÖavbgš¿x, cÖavbgš¿x, hy× I kvwš—i fvicÖvß gš¿x Ges miKvwi `wjjc‡Îi msi¶YKvix gš¿x| D”Pc`¯’
hy× I kvwš—i fvicÖvß gš¿x Kg©Pvwi‡ì g‡a¨ wQ‡jb gnvejvwaK…Z (†mbvcÖavb), gnvcÖwZnvi (ivRcÖvmv‡ì i¶x evwnbxi
Ges miKvwi `wjjc‡Îi cÖavb), gnv`ÛbvqK (cÖavb †mbvcwZ), gnvag©va¨¶ (ag© welqK cÖavb `vwqZ¡cÖvß), mwÜ-
msi¶YKvix gš¿x weMÖvwnK (Avš—:ivóªxq m¤úK© I hy×-mwÜ welqK cÖavb civgk©K), A¶-cUjvwaK…Z (miKvwi
`wjjcÎ iPbv I i¶vq wb‡qvwRZ e¨w³) cÖgyL| Gu‡ì wb‡P KiwYK, †`ŠevwiK bv‡g Kg©Pvwi
wQ‡jb| ¸ß hy‡Mi kvmb eë¯’vi GKwU êwkó¨ n‡”Q †h, mvgwiK I †e-mvgwiK Kg©Pvwi‡ì
g‡a¨ †Kvb my¯úó †f` wQj bv| GKB Kg©Pvwi‡K cÖ‡qvRb g‡Zv †h-‡Kvb `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z
n‡Zv|
cÖv‡`wkK kvmb
kvmb eë¯’v hv‡Z mywbqwš¿Z _v‡K †mRb¨ mgMÖ mvgªvR¨‡K K‡qKwU Ô†`kÕ ev Ôfzw³Õ‡Z wef³
Kiv n‡qwQj| G¸‡jv Avevi ÔwelqÕ ev †Rjvq wef³ wQj| me© wbæ¯—‡i wQj MÖvg| Ô†`kÕ -Gi
cÖavb kvmK wQ‡jb ÔDcvwiK gnvivRÕ| ÔwelqÕ -Gi kvmbfvi ÔwelqcwZÕi Dci b¨¯— wQj|
G‡ì †KD †KD mgªv‡Ui, Avevi †KD †KD cÖv‡`wkK kvmbKZ©vi Aax‡b _vK‡Zb| eûmsL¨K
wbæ ch©v‡qi Kg©Pvwi Zv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Zb| MÖv‡gi kvmbfvi wQj ÔMÖvwgKÕ bvgK Kg©Pvwii Dci|
MÖvg¨mfvi gva¨‡g wZwb wePvi KvR Pvjv‡Zb| ¸ß hy‡M ÔwelqÕ ev †Rjvi kvm‡b GKwU
D‡j−L‡hvM¨ cwieZ©b N‡UwQj| wel‡qi kvmbKv‡R civgk© †`qvi Rb¨ wel‡qi Awaôvb
AwaKi‡Y GKwU cwil` _vK‡Zv| GB cwil‡` wewfbœ †kªYxi cÖwZwbwaiv _vK‡Zb| bMi †kªôx,
cÖ_g mv_©evn (cÖavb eëmvqx), cÖ_g KzwjK (cÖavb KvwiMi), cÖ_g Kvq¯’ (gyL¨ mwPe ev
Kvq¯’‡ì cÖavb) cÖf…wZ mgš^‡q MwVZ n‡Zv GB cwil`| MÖvg kvm‡bi †¶‡ÎI MÖvg¨
cÖwZwbwa‡ì gZvgZ †bqvi ixwZ Pvjy n‡qwQj| GB eë¯’vi g‡a¨ ¯úóZB kvmb Kv‡R ¯’vbxq
RbM‡Yi Ask MÖn‡Yi my‡hvM m„wó Kiv n‡qwQj|
¯’vbxq ¯^vqZ¡kvmb
¸ß hy‡M ¯’vbxq ¯^vhZ¡kvm‡bi Ae¯’v m¤§‡Ü †Kvb we¯—…Z Z_¨ cvIqv hvq bv| Z‡e eo eo bM‡i
ÔwbMgmfvÕ bvgK cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK cÖwZôvb †h †cŠi kvmbKvR cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zv Zvi cÖgvY
cvIqv hvq| MÖv‡g wQj MÖvg¨mfv; ivRKg©PvwiMY GB mfvi civg‡k© I mn‡hvwMZvq MÖv‡gi
hveZxq KvR wbe©vn Ki‡Zb|
ivR¯^ eë¯’v
ivR¯^ I cywjk kvm‡bi g‡a¨ we‡kl cv_©K¨ wQj e‡j g‡b nq bv| †Kbbv, cÖvq GKB ai‡bi
Kg©Pvwi GB `yB wefvM cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zb| G‡ì g‡a¨ D‡j−L‡hvM¨ n‡jb DcwbKv, `kcivwaKv,
`wÛKv, †MŠjwgKv, ivRyK cÖf…wZ| ¸ß mvgªv‡R¨ †gvUvgywUfv‡e †h mKj Ki cÖPwjZ wQj Zv n‡jv
ÔfvMÕ ev Ôf‚wgKiÕ| m¤¢eZ: Drcbœ k‡lï GK-lôvsk ivRKi iƒ‡c wba©vwiZ n‡Zv| GQvov †Lqv,
ïé, Lwb, myiw¶Z `y‡M©i Af¨š—‡i emevmKvix‡ì Dci wbivcËv Ki, ivRvi Lvm f‚-m¤úwË
cÖf„wZ n‡ZI ivR‡Kv‡l A_© msM„nxZ n‡Zv| Kg©Pvwi‡ì †eZ‡bi Dci Ki avh© wQj| G K‡ii
bvg wQj Ô†fvMÕ| miKvwi Kv‡Ri Rb¨ webv cvwikªwg‡K kªg Av`vq Kivi cÖ_vI cÖPwjZ wQj;
G‡K ÔwewóÕ ejv n‡Zv| mvaviYZ: hy× ev ê‡`wkK Avµg‡Yi mgq AwZwi³ Ki Av`vq Ki‡Z
n‡Zv| GB K‡ii bvg wQj Ôgj−KiÕ|
wePvi eë¯’v
¸ß wePvi eë¯’v m¤ú‡K© Rvbv hvq †h, MÖvgmfv¸‡jv mvaviYZ: MÖvg¨wePv‡ii wb®úwË Ki‡Zv|
welq I cÖv‡`wkK kn‡i wQj miKvwi Av`vjZ| GB Av`vj‡Zi iv‡qi wei“‡× ivRvi Kv‡Q
Avcxj Kiv †h‡Zv| dv-wn‡qb ¸ß †dŠR`vix AvB‡bi D`viZvi K_v e‡j‡Qb| ivóª‡`ªvn Qvov
A½‡”Q` wQj weij| mvgªv‡Rï mg¯— As‡k eû msL¨K wePviK wbhy³ _vK‡Zb| Z‡e ¯^qs ivRv
wQ‡jb m‡e©v”P wePviK| ¸ß Avg‡j miKvwi wbqš¿Ygy³ n‡q RbMY ¯^vaxbfv‡e Rxeb-hvcb
Ki‡Zb e‡j wewfbœ m~Î †_‡K Rvbv hvq|
mvgwiK msMVb
cÖ_g P›`ª¸ß n‡Z ¯‹Ü¸ß ch©š— mKj ¸ß mgªvU wQ‡jb my`¶ †hv×v I mvgªvRëv`x| mgy`ª¸ß,
cÖ_g P›`ª¸ß n‡Z ¯‹Ü¸ß wØZxq P›`ª¸‡ßi mvgwiK K…wZZ¡ wb‡q wØg‡Zi †Kvb AeKvk †bB| c~e©eZ©x kvmK‡ì g‡Zv ¸ß
ch©š— mKj ¸ß mgªvU wQ‡jb
my`¶ †hv×v I mvgªvRëv`x
mgªvU‡ì mvgwiK evwnbx c`vwZK, Ak¦evwnbx, n¯—xevwnbx I †bŠevwnbx wb‡q MwVZ wQj| GQvov
mvgš—ivRvivI hy‡×i mgq mvnvh¨ Ki‡Zb| D”Pc`¯’ mvgwiK Kg©KZ©v‡ì g‡a¨ Ôgnv`ÛbvqKÕ,
ÔgnvmwÜ-weMÖvwnKÕ, Ôgnv‡mbvcwZÕ wQ‡jb cÖavb| ¸ß ˆmbëvwnbx‡Z eskvbyµwgK ˆmb¨ I mvgš—
evwnbxi D‡j−L cvIqv hvq| ¸ß‡ì cÖavb hy×v¯¿ wQj Zxi, abyK, Zievix, KzVvi I ek©v BZ¨vw`|
GwU wbtm‡›`n †h, ¸ß mgªvU‡ì mymsMwVZ †bŠ-evwnbx wQj| wKš‘ †bŠevwnbxi msMVb wel‡q we¯—
vwiZfv‡e †Zgb wKQy Rvbv hvq bv|
g~j¨vqb
¸ß kvmbeë¯’vi cÖksmvi w`K wQj Gi we‡K›`ªxKiY bxwZ I cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK eë¯’v| Gi Øviv
¯’vbxq Afve Awf‡hv‡Mi wbeviY Kiv mnR wQj| mgªv‡Ui m‡½ ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi †hvMv‡hvM _vKvq
¸ßPi wb‡qvM K‡i Zvu‡K Lei †RvMvo Ki‡Z n‡Zv bv| kvmbeë¯’v D`vicš’x nIqvq RbMY
¯^vaxb I ¯^”Q‡›`¨ Rxeb KvUv‡Zb| Z‡e GK_v ¯^xKvi Ki‡ZB n‡e †h, †gŠh© hy‡M fvi‡Z †h
kvmb KvVv‡gv M‡o D‡VwQj Zvi A‡bKUvB ¸ß hy‡MI †`Lv hvq| ¸ß kvmb eë¯’vi mv‡_ †gŠh©
kvmb eë¯’vi GKwU †gŠwjK cÖ‡f` GB †h, †K‡›`ªi bxwZi we‡ivax bv n‡j cÖ‡`k ev wel‡qi
kvmbKZ©viv ¯’vbxqwfwË‡Z bxwZ wba©viY Ki‡Zb| †K›`ª Zv‡Z n¯—‡¶c Ki‡Zv bv| †gŠh©hy‡M GUv
wQj Am¤¢e| ¸ß kvmb eë¯’v mvdj¨ I RbwcÖqZv AR©b Ki‡jI GB kvmb c×wZ ÎæwUgy³ wQj
¸ß kvmbcÖYvjx wQj bv| kvmbeë¯’vi wewfbœ c‡` eskvbyµwgK wb‡qvM cÖ_v cÖewZ©Z nIqvq cieZ©xKv‡j mvgªv‡Rï
mywbqwš¿Z, myweb¨¯— I msnwZ I kw³ myiw¶Z Kiv AmyweavRbK n‡q c‡o| µ‡gB we‡f`Kvgx kw³¸‡jv DrmvwnZ
mymsMwVZ nq| ZvQvov ¸ß kvm‡b MÖvg I welq¸‡jv ¸i“Z¡ cvevi d‡j bMi-mf¨Zv ¶wqòz n‡Z _v‡K|
A‡b‡KB e‡jb, ¸ß kvmbeë¯’v ˆ¯îZš¿x, ZvB Rbms‡hvM †Zgb cÖZ¨¶fv‡e ¯’vwcZ nqwb| GB
mgv‡jvPbv m‡Ë¡I GK_v ejv †h‡Z cv‡i †h, ¸ß kvmbcÖYvjx wQj mywbqwš¿Z, myweb¨¯— I
mymsMwVZ| ¸ß hy‡Mi wePvi eë¯’v wQj D`vi I gvbeag©x| kvmbcÖYvjx‡Z MYZvwš¿K Av`‡k©i
wKQyUv Avfvm cvIqv hvq| e¯‘Z: ¸ß kvmbeë¯’vq ivRZš¿, MYZš¿ I ˆgÎxms‡Ni GK Ac~e©
mgš^q N‡UwQj| ZvB cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi kvmbZvwš¿K BwZnv‡m ¸ß‡ì Ae`vb Ab¯^xKvh©|
mvi-ms‡¶c cÖvPxb fvi‡Z wØZxqev‡ii g‡Zv mymsMwVZ Ges myweb¨¯— kvmb eë¯’v cÖPwjZ nq ¸ß Avg‡j|
mgy`ª¸ß Ges wØZxq P›`ª¸ß wekvj mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôv K‡iwQ‡jb Ges kw³kvjx kvmb eë¯’vi
gva¨‡g G‡K msMwVZI K‡iwQ‡jb| wekvj‡Z¡i Kvi‡Y GKwU †K›`ª †_‡K ¸ß mvgªvR¨ kvmb
Kiv †ek KwVb wQj| ZvB G‡K K‡qKwU cÖ‡`‡k (†`k, fzw³ BZ¨vw`) fvM Kiv n‡qwQj|
cÖ‡`k¸wj Avevi †Rjvq ev wel‡q wef³ n‡Zv| DcwiK wQ‡jb cÖ‡`‡ki kvmK| †Rjvi
kvmK wQ‡jb welqcwZ| kvmb eë¯’vi ¶z`ªZi wefvM MÖvg kvmb Ki‡Zb MÖvwgK| bMi †kªôx,
mv_©evn, cÖ_g KzwjK, cÖ_g Kvq¯’ cÖgyL‡K wb‡q welq AwaKi‡Y kvmbKvh© cwiPvwjZ n‡Zv|
¯’vbxq kvmb eë¯’vi mv‡_ RbM‡Yi GB ms‡hvM ¯’vc‡b ¸ß mgªvUM‡Yi kvmb msµvš— GKwU
¸i“Z¡c~Y© cix¶vi cwiPq cvIqv hvq| mgªv‡Ui cÖZ¨¶kvwmZ AÂ‡ji evB‡i wQj mvgš—ivR¨|
Giv mgªv‡Ui AbyMZ _vK‡Zb Ges wbqwgZ Ki cÖ`vb Ki‡Zb| h‡Zv`~i Rvbv hvq, †`‡k kvwš—
I mg„w× wQj| †gŠh© hy‡Mi Zzjbvq ¸ß hy‡M `ÛbxwZ wQj A‡bK jNy Ges gvbweK|
cv‡VvËi gyj¨vqb : 7.9

ˆbe¨©w³K cÖkœ
1| fzw³i cÖavb‡K ejv n‡Zv−
K. welqcwZ|
L. MÖvwgK|
M. DcvwiK|
N. fzw³cwZ|
2| Kg©Pvwi‡ì †eZ‡bi Dci avh©K…Z K‡ii bvg−
K. †fvM|
L. wewó|
M. fvM|
N. gj−Ki|
3| A½‡”Q` NUv‡bv n‡Zv−
K. ivóª‡`ªvwnZvi Aciv‡a|
L. WvKvwZ Kivi Aciv‡a|
M. ivR¯^ cÖ`vb bv Kivi Aciv‡a|
N. Pzwi Kivi Aciv‡a|
4| ÔgnvcÖwZnviÕ càvix wQ‡jb−
K. ag© welqK cÖavb `vwqZ¡cÖvß e¨w³|
L. cÖavb †mbvcwZ|
M. hy×-mwÜ welqK cÖavb civgk©`vZv|
N. ivRcÖvmv‡ì i¶xevwnbxi cÖavb|
5| ¸ß kvmbeë¯’v m¤ú‡K© MÖnY‡hvM¨ gš—e¨wU n‡”Q−
K. ˆ¯îZvwš¿K kvmb eë¯’v|
L. MYZvwš¿K kvmbeë¯’v|
M. cÖRvwn‰Zlx ˆ¯îZvwš¿K kvmb eë¯’v|
N. cÖRvKj¨vYgyLx kvmb eë¯’v|
1. ¸ß kvmb eë¯’vi ‰ewkó¨ Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|
2. ¸ß hy‡Mi ivRZ‡š¿i weKvk m¤^‡Ü GKwU UxKv wjLyb|
3. ¸ßhy‡Mi †K›`ªxq kvmb eë¯’v †Kgb wQj- ms‡¶‡c D‡j−L Ki“b|
4. ¸ß-hy‡Mi wePvi eë¯’v m¤ú‡K© eY©bv w`b|
¸ß hy‡Mi ms¯‹…wZ I wk¶v

cvV 10
D‡Ïk¨
◗ cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi Ôaª“c`x hyMÕ m¤ú‡K© weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ ¸ß hy‡M mvwnZ¨ I wkíKjvi weKvk m¤ú‡K© eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ weÁvbPP©v, wk¶v-`x¶v Ges ewnwe©‡k¦i mv‡_ ¸ß ms¯‹…wZi †hvMv‡hvM m¤ú‡K© g~j¨vqb
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
¸ß ms¯‹…wZ
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eë¯’v Ges mvwnZ¨, wkí, ms¯‹…wZi mKj †¶‡Î ¸ß hy‡Mi ¯^Kxq êwk‡óï wKQy Qvc Aek¨B
c‡owQj|
mvi-ms‡¶c D`vicš’x kvmb eë¯’v, mvwnZ¨ I wk‡íi AmvaviY AMÖMwZ Ges Rbmvavi‡Yi ¯^”QjZv
BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y A‡b‡KB ¸ßhyM‡K Ôaªƒc`x ms¯‹…wZi hyMÕ wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib| ag©xq †¶‡Î
eªvþY¨Zš¿ m‡Ë¡I mvaviYfv‡e D`vibxwZ AbymiY, ms¯‹…Z mvwn‡Zï D‡j−L‡hvM¨ AMÖMwZ
mvab, wk¶v‡¶‡Î ivRc„ô‡cvlKZv cÖ`vb, weÁvbPP©vq †MŠie AR©bmn wkíKjv gva¨‡g we‡kl
êwk‡ôï cÖKvk Ges ewnwe©‡k¦i mv‡_ mvs¯‹…wZK †hvMv‡hvM mf¨Zv I ms¯‹…wZi BwZnv‡m
¸ßhyM‡K †MŠie`xß K‡i‡Q| GB †MŠie G‡ZvUvB ¸i“Z¡c~Y© †h, ¸ß ivRviv mgMÖ fvi‡Zi
Dci Zvu‡ì ¶gZv wbisKzkfv‡e cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb mZ¨, wKš‘ GB mvgªv‡Rï gwngv
mgMÖ fvi‡Z †Zv e‡UB, GgbwK ewnwe©‡k¦I Qwo‡q c‡owQj| ivR‰bwZK msnwZ I mykvm‡bi
mv‡_ GB mvs¯‹…wZK K…wZZ¡ ¸ß kvmb‡K BwZnv‡m gwngvwš^Z K‡i‡Q| cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi mf¨Zv
I ms¯‹…wZi †h HwZn¨ I kvk¦Z iƒc cwijw¶Z nq Zv ¸ß hy‡Mi GB mvs¯‹…wZK †MŠieMvu_vi
g‡a¨ A‡bKvs‡kB wg‡k wQj - GK_v Abvqv‡m ejv †h‡Z cv‡i|
ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
1| †cwiwK¬m wQ‡jb−
K. wLª÷c~e© PZz_© A‡ã ¯úvU©vi †bZv|
L. wLª÷c~e© PZz_© A‡ã G‡_‡Ýi †bZv|
M. wLª÷xq cÂg A‡ã G‡_‡Ýi †bZv|
N. wLª÷xq cÂg A‡ã ¯úvU©vi †bZv|
2| †eŠ× I ˆRb a‡g©i AebwZi cÖavb KviY−
K. †MŠZg ey‡×i Bnavg Z¨vM|
L. A‡kv‡Ki bZzb ag© (a¤§) cÖPvi|
M. †eŠ× ag©vbymvix‡ì wn›`y ag© MÖnY|
N. ¸ß kvmK‡ì c„ô‡cvlKZvi Afve|
3| Kvwj`vm iwPZ mvwnZ¨ bq−

K. kKzš—jv|
L. iNyesk|
M. gy`ªviv¶m|
N. †gN`~Z|
4| k~`ªK iwPZ weL¨vZ bvUK−
K. †èxP›`ª ¸ßg|
L. g„”QKwUK|
M. gy`ªviv¶m|
N. AbN©ivNe|
5| bvj›`v wek¦we`¨vjq Aew¯’Z−
K. Z¶kxjvq|
L. ¸Riv‡U|
M. mvibv‡_|
N. wenv‡i|
6| ÔfviZxq wbDUbÕ bv‡g L¨vZ cwÛ‡Zi bvg−
K. evMfÆ|
L. Avh©fÆ|
M. eivn wgwni|
N. cvwYwb|
7| ¸ß Avg‡j fviZxq cÖfve me‡P‡q †ewk Abyf‚Z nq−
K. wMÖm I †iv‡g|
L. BD‡iv‡c|
M. `w¶b-c~e© Gwkqvi|
N. wPb †`‡k|
8| ¸ß wkíKjvi cÖavb †K›`ª mg~n−
K. Z¶kxjv, bvj›`v I D¾wqbx|
L. ej−fx, cvUjxcyÎ I bvj›`v|
M. cvUjxcyÎ, g_yiv I evivYmx|
N. evivYmx, bvj›`v I Z¶kxjv|
9| ¸ß Avg‡j gw›ì ¯’vc‡Z¨ ‡h ixwZi cÖfve c‡owQj−
K. c~e© fviZxq ixwZ|
L. MvÜvi ixwZ|
M. wMÖK ixwZ|
N. `ªvweo I bvMi ixwZ|
10| fviZxq †R¨vwZwe©Áv‡bi BwZnv‡mi w`K wb‡`©kK MÖ‡š’i bvg−
K. g„”QKwUK|
L. Kzgvim¤¢e|
M. gvjweKvwMœwgÎ|
N. cÂwm×vš—|
1. cÖvPxb fvi‡Z, Òaª“c`xhyMÓ m¤ú‡K© msw¶ß weeiY w`b|
2. ¸ß hy‡Mi ag©xq Ae¯’vi msw¶ß eY©bv w`b|
3. Òaª“c`x ms¯‹…Z mvwn‡ZïÓ Dci GKwU msw¶ß UxKv wjLyb|
4. ¸ß hy‡M fvi‡Z wk¶vi AMÖMwZ I wek¦we`¨vjq m¤ú‡K© msw¶ß eY©bv w`b|
5. Avcwb wK ¸ßhyM‡K cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi Ô¯^Y©hyMÕ g‡b K‡ib? Avcbvi DË‡ii ¯^c‡¶ hyw³ w`b|
cyl¨f‚wZ esk - nl©ea©b

cvV 11
D‡Ïk¨
◗ cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi †kl mvgªvRëv`x ivResk m¤ú‡K© eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi †kl D‡j−L‡hvM¨ mgªvU nl©ea©‡bi ivRZ¡Kvj I K…wZZ¡ m¤ú‡K© weeiY w`‡Z
cvi‡eb|
nl©ea©‡bi mvgªvR¨
cyl¨f‚wZ es‡ki cwiPq I DÌvb

c~e© cvÄv‡ei Aš—M©Z _v‡bk¦i
AÂ‡j m¤¢eZ: lô kZvãxi cyl¨f‚wZ es‡ki DrcwË m¤ú‡K© we‡kl wKQy Rvbv hvq bv| c~e© cvÄv‡ei Aš—M©Z _v‡bk¦i AÂ‡j
cÖ_g w`‡K cyl¨f‚wZ es‡ki m¤¢eZ: lô kZvãxi cÖ_g w`‡K cyl¨f‚wZ es‡ki kvmb cÖwZwôZ nq| GB es‡ki cÖ_g ¸i“Z¡c~Y©
kvmb cÖwZwôZ nq kvmK wQ‡jb cÖfvKiea©b| n~b Avµg‡Yi wei“‡× exi‡Z¡i m‡½ cvÄve i¶v K‡i wZwb L¨vwZ
AR©b K‡ib| wZwb ÔgnvivRvwaivRÕ Dcvax MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| ¸ß mvgªv‡Rï cZ‡bi ci

fviZe‡l© cybivq ¶z`ª ¶z`ª AvÂwjK iv‡Rï D™¢e nq| cÖfvKiea©‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ cyl¨f‚wZ
ivRes‡ki DÌv‡bi ga¨ w`‡q fvi‡Z PZz_©ev‡ii g‡Zv GK weivU mvgªvR¨ M‡o I‡V| c~‡e©i
cvV¸‡jv n‡Z Avcbviv †R‡b‡Qb †h, cÖvPxb fvi‡Z ivResk¸wji g‡a¨ êevwnK m¤úK© ¯’vc‡bi
welqwU wQj ivR‰bwZK Ges mvgwiKfv‡e LyeB ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| mgKvjxb hyMag© Abymv‡i cÖfvKi
ea©bI K‡bŠ‡Ri †gŠLix es‡ki mv‡_ êevwnKm~‡Î wgÎZv ¯’vcb K‡ib| †gŠLix ivRcyÎ
MÖneg©‡bi m‡½ Zvui Kb¨v ivR¨kªxi weevn nq| Gfv‡e D™¢e nq DËi fvi‡Z cyl¨f‚wZ-†gŠLix
kw³mgev‡qi| GB kw³mgev‡qi cÖwZØ›Øx wQ‡jb †MŠoivR kkv¼ Ges gvjeivR †è¸ß|
cÖfvKiea©‡bi g„Zz¨ n‡j Zvui wmsnvm‡b e‡mb ˆRô¨cyÎ ivRëa©b| Gw`‡K gvje-‡MŠo kw³‡RvU
_v‡bk¦‡i ivR‰bwZK cwieZ©‡bi my‡hvM wb‡Z †Póv K‡i| Zviv K‡bŠ‡Ri MÖneg©b‡K wbnZ K‡ib
Ges e›`x K‡ib ivRKb¨v ivR¨kªx‡K| ivRëa©b †evb‡K D×v‡ii Rb¨ K‡bŠR Awfgy‡L AMÖmi
nb Ges gvjeivR †è¸ß‡K civ¯— K‡ib| wKš‘ †MŠo Z_v evsjvi cÖ_g ¸i“Z¡c~Y© bicwZ
kkvs‡Ki nv‡Z ivRëa©b wbnZ nb| Ggwb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z ivRëa©‡bi †QvU fvB nl©ea©b m¤¢eZ:
606 wLª÷v‡ã _v‡bk¦‡ii wmsnvm‡b e‡mb| 612 wLª÷v‡ãi w`‡K _v‡bk¦i I K‡bŠR ivR¨`ywU‡K
mshy³ K‡i nl©ea©b Mv‡½q DcZ¨Kvq weivU GKwU kw³kvjx iv‡Rï cËb K‡ib| Zvui mgq
n‡ZB K‡bŠR Avh©ve‡Z©i cÖavb bMi I mvgªv‡Rï †K›`ª¯’‡j cwiYZ nq|
nl©ea©b t BwZnv‡mi Dcv`vb

nl©ea©‡bi ivRZ¡Kvj‡K AwaKvsk HwZnvwmK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© e‡j g‡b K‡ib| nl©ea©b Z_v mßg
kZvãx‡Z DËi fvi‡Zi BwZnvm m¤ú‡K© K‡qKwU Drm †_‡K we¯—…Z weeiY cvIqv hvq| ˆPwbK
ch©UK wnD‡qb mvs-Gi iPbv Ôwm-BD-KvBÕ, wnD‡qb mvs-Gi RxebxMÖš’, evYfÆ iwPZ Ônl©PwiZÕ
Ges mgmvgwqK gy`ªv I wjwcgvjvq g~jëvb Z_¨ wea„Z Av‡Q| evuk‡Liv ZvgªcÆ, bvj›`v kxj,
†mvbvcr ZvgªcÆ, gayeYx ZvgªcÆ, PvjyKïvR wØZxq cyj‡Kkxi AvB‡nvj wkjvwjwc BZ¨vw`
mgKvjxb BwZnv‡mi Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e LyeB ¸i“Z¡c~Y©|
hy× weMÖn Ges ivR¨mxgv

wmsnvm‡b emvi ciciB nl©ea©b kkv‡¼i wei“‡× hy×hvÎv K‡ib| †MŠoivR kkvs‡Ki wei“‡×
wZwb Kvgiƒ‡ci ivRv fv¯‹ieg©vi mv‡_ ¯’vcb K‡ib wgÎZv| GB wgÎZv ¯’vcb LyeB Kvh©Ki
n‡qwQj| Gi d‡j c~e©w`K n‡Z fv¯‹ieg©v Ges cwðg w`K n‡Z nl©ea©b †MŠoivR kkvs‡Ki
Dci Pvc m„wó K‡ib| wKš‘ h‡Zv`~i Rvbv hvq, RxeÏkvq kkvsK‡K Zvuiv civwRZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib
wb| kkvs‡Ki g„Zzï ci m¤¢eZ: 637 wLª÷v‡ãi ci fv¯‹ieg©v KY©myeY© AwaKvi K‡iwQ‡jb Ges
nl©ea©b gMa Rq K‡i ÔgMaivRÕ Dcvax MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| nl©ea©b †KejgvÎ c~e© fvi‡Z ivR¨
we¯—vi K‡ibwb| cwðg fvi‡Z †mŠiv‡óªi ejfx ivRÏ wZwb AwaKvi Kivi †Póv K‡ib|
¸Riv‡Ui ¸R©i I ivRcyZvbvi gvje‡ì mv‡_ Zvui m¤úK© wQj êix| evYf‡Æi †`qv Z_¨
Abymv‡i HwZnvwmKMY Abygvb K‡ib nl©ea©b wmÜz, †bcvj Ges Kvk¥x‡i Awfhvb Pvwj‡qwQ‡jb|
`w¶Y fvi‡Z PvjyKïvR wØZxq cyj‡Kkxi wei“‡×I nl© hy×vwfhvb K‡ib e‡j Rvbv hvq|
mvgwMÖKfv‡e nl©ea©b DËi evYf‡Æi g‡Z, nl©ea©b ÔcÂ fviZÕ (K‡bŠR, evsjv, Øviv fv½v, cvÄve I DrKj) -Gi mvnvh¨
fvi‡Zi cvÄve, DËi cÖ‡`k, wb‡q weivU ˆmb¨ msMÖn K‡ib Ges cyj‡Kkxi wei“‡× hy‡× GwM‡q hvb| wZwb bg©`v cvi n‡q
wenvi, cwðg evsjv, Dwol¨v
Ges MÄvg wb‡q wekvj GK cyj‡Kkxi iv‡R¨ Xz‡K co‡j hy× ïi“ nq| Lye m¤¢eZ GB hy‡× nl©ea©b gvivZœK ¶wZi m¤§yLxb
mvgªvR¨ ¯’vcb K‡iwQ‡jb nb| Z‡e mvgwMÖKfv‡e nl©ea©b DËi fvi‡Zi cvÄve, DËi cÖ‡`k, wenvi, cwðg evsjv, Dwol¨v
Ges MÄvg wb‡q wekvj GK mvgªvR¨ ¯’vcb K‡iwQ‡jb; GK_v ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| PvjyK¨
wjwç‡jv‡Z nl©‡K ÔmK‡jvËic_-bv_Õ (mgMÖ DËi fvi‡Zi AwacwZ) wn‡m‡e eY©bv Kiv
n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ nl© KLbI mgMÖ DËivc‡_i GK”QÎ AwacwZ wQ‡jb e‡j Rvbv hvq bv|
GLb ms‡¶‡c nl©ea©‡bi ivR¨mxgv mywbw`©ófv‡e wPwýZ Kiv hvK| nl© DËivwaKvi m~‡Î _v‡bk¦i
ev c~e© cvÄv‡ei AwaKvi cvb| †ev‡bi êevwnK m~‡Î wZwb K‡bŠ‡Ri ev DËi cÖ‡`‡ki †`vqve
AÂj I msjMœ AÂj AwaKvi K‡ib| wZwb kkv‡¼i g„Zzï ci gMa ev wenvi, cwðg evsjv,
Dwol¨v I MÄvg ev KsM` Rq K‡ib| GQvov Ab¨vb¨ AÂ‡ji wKQy ¶z`ª kw³i Dci n‡l©i cÖfve
we`¨gvb wQj| wKš‘ Av¶wiK A‡_© Zvu‡K ÔDËi fvi‡Zi AwaivRÕ ejv m½Z bq| †gvÏv K_v
n‡jv c~e© cvÄve n‡Z Dwol¨v ch©š— we¯—xY© AÂj wQj Zvui cZvKvi Aax‡b|
kvmb eë¯’v
HwZnvwmK †ivwgjv _vcv‡ii g‡Z, †gŠh©‡ì g‡Zv †Kvb †K›`ªxq kvmb nl©ea©b ¯’vcb Ki‡Z
HwZnvwmK †ivwgjv _vcv‡ii cv‡ibwb| Zvui Aax‡b mvgš— ivRviv ¯^vqZ¡kvmb †fvM Ki‡Zb| nl© iv‡Rï mgy`q KvR wb‡RB
g‡Z, †gŠh©‡ì g‡Zv †Kvb ZË¡veavb Ki‡Zb| Z‡e civg‡k©i Rb¨ GKwU gwš¿mfv MVb Kiv n‡qwQj| mvgªvR¨ wef³ wQj
†K›`ªxq kvmb nl©ea©b ¯’vcb Ôfzw³Õ, ÔwelqÕ BZ¨vw` BDwb‡U| kvmb eë¯’vi me©wbæ BDwbU wQj MÖvg| †`‡k ZLb Aciva
Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb
wKQyUv †e‡owQj| †mB mv‡_ K‡Vvi Kiv n‡qwQj `Ûwewa| Drcbœ k‡mï Qq fv‡Mi GK fvM
ivRKi wn‡m‡e †bqv n‡Zv| RbwnZKi KvR †hgb, `vZe¨ wPwKrmvjq I wekªvgvMvi wbg©vY Ges
wk¶v we¯—v‡i nl©ea©b Zrci wQ‡jb|
ag©xq Ae¯’v
cÖ_g Rxe‡b nl©ea©b wQ‡jb ˆke ag©vej¤^x| wKš‘ ivR‡Z¡i †kl w`‡K wZwb gnvhvb †eŠ× g‡Zi
AbyivMx n‡qwQ‡jb| Ab¨vb¨ a‡g©i cÖwZ nl© †KejgvÎ mwnòzB wQ‡jb bv, ixwZg‡Zv kª×vkxjI
wQ‡jb| wZwb cÖvqB †eŠ× ag©Ávbx‡ì weZK© ïb‡Zb Ges Zvu‡ì‡K cyi¯‹…Z Ki‡Zb| A‡kv‡Ki
g‡Zv wZwbI iv‡Rï g‡a¨ AmsL¨ †eŠ×gV wbg©vY K‡iwQ‡jb| nl©ea©b †eŠ× wf¶z, eªvþY cwÛZ
Ges ˆRb kªgY‡ì‡K gy³nv‡Z `vb Ki‡Zb e‡j Rvbv hvq| M½v-hgybvi wgjb¯’‡j cÖwZ 5 eQi
ci ci ÔcÖqv‡Mi `vb †gjvÕ Avnevb Kiv n‡Zv| GLv‡b ey×, m~h© I wk‡ei Dcvmbv Pj‡Zv| GwU
wb:m‡›`‡n n‡l©i AwZ DbœZ gvbwmKZv Ges Amv¤úÖ`vwqK †PZbvi cwiPq enb K‡i| bvU¨Kvi
wn‡m‡eI n‡l©i K_v wewfbœ m~‡Î Rvbv hvq| ÔiZœvejxÕ, ÔwcÖq`wk©KvÕ Ges ÔbvMvb›`Õ bv‡g wZbwU
weL¨vZ bvU‡Ki wZwb iPwqZv e‡j g‡b Kiv nq|
nl©ea©‡bi K…wZZ¡
nl©ea©b 606 wLªóv‡ã wmsnvm‡b e‡mb| cÖvq Aa© kZvãx ivRZ¡ Kivi ci m¤¢eZ: 646 wLª÷v‡ã
nl©ea©‡bi cÖ_g K…wZZ¡ †evb Zvui g„Zz¨ nq| n‡l©i ivRmfvq Kwe evYfÆ Ges Zvui ¸YMÖvnx ˆPwbK ch©UK wnD‡qb mvs Zvui
ivR¨kªx‡K D×vi Ges m¤ú‡K© eû cÖkw¯— †i‡L †M‡Qb| ¸Ygy» mfvKwe wn‡m‡e evYf‡Æi iPbvq c¶cvZ ¯úófv‡e
†MŠoivR kkv‡¼i cÖwZ‡iva
†Pv‡L c‡o| GKB mv‡_ nl© KZ©„K DcK…Z wnD‡qb mvs - Gi weei‡YiI AwZk‡qvw³ cwijw¶Z
†Rv‡Ui wei“‡× mvdj¨ jvf|
mvgªvR¨ ¯’vcwqZv wn‡m‡eI nq| myZivs nl©ea©‡bi K…wZZ¡ wePvi Ki‡Z wM‡q Gw`‡K mZK© _vKv ìKvi| nl©ea©‡bi cÖ_g
Zvui K…wZZ¡ Kg wQj bv K…wZZ¡ †evb ivR¨kªx‡K D×vi Ges †MŠoivR kkv‡¼i cÖwZ‡iva †Rv‡Ui wei“‡× mvdj¨ jvf|
mvgªvR¨ ¯’vcwqZv wn‡m‡eI Zvui K…wZZ¡ Kg wQj bv| A‡b‡KB Zvu‡K cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi †kl
ÔmvgªvRëv`x mgªvUÕ e‡jb| n‡l©i kvmbeë¯’vq weivU †Kvb cwieZ©b _vK‡jI _v‡bk¦‡ii GK
¶z`ª ivR¨‡K DËi fviZxq PwiÎ `vb K‡i wZwb Zvui kvmb cÖwµqvi gwngv cÖKvk K‡iwQ‡jb|
m‡e©vcwi wZwb wQ‡jb cÖRvwn‰Zlx mgªvU| ag©mwnòz bxwZi aviK evnK wn‡m‡e wZwb wQ‡jb
cz‡ivav e¨w³Z¡| Zvui `vbkxjZv Zzjbvnxb| mvwnZïwmK Ges we`¨vbyivMx wn‡m‡e nl©ea©b cÖvPxb
fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡m we‡kl cwiwPZ bvg| bvj›`v wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wZwb wQ‡jb cÖavb c„ô‡cvlK|
hy×, ag©, ms¯‹…wZ, kvmbeë¯’v cÖf…wZ wewfbœ ag©x Kvh©Kjv‡ci g‡a¨ nl©ea©b †h KxwZ©i ¯^v¶i
iv‡Lb Zvi g‡a¨ mgy`ª¸ß I A‡kv‡Ki bxwZ I Kvh©Kjv‡ci GK Af‚Zc~e© mgš^q mvwaZ nq|
HwZnvwmK Avi, †K, gyLvRx© G wel‡q e‡jb, Ôn‡l©i Pwi‡Î mgy`ª¸‡ßi mgiKzkjZv I A‡kv‡Ki
cÖRvwn‰ZlYvi mgš^q N‡UwQj| wZwb gnvb mgªvU AvKe‡ii b¨vq wQ‡jb GKvav‡i mvgªvRëv`x I
D`vi ag©bxwZi AbymiYKvix|Õ
mvi-ms‡¶c fvi‡Z PZz_©ev‡ii g‡Zv e„nr mvgªvR¨ M‡o †Zvjvi K…wZZ¡ cyl¨f‚wZ es‡ki| GB ivRes‡ki
†kªô kvmK nl©ea©b| nl©ea©‡bi mv‡_ †MŠoivR kkv‡¼i Zxeª cÖwZØw›ØZv P‡jwQj| nl© K‡bŠR
Ges _v‡bk¦i‡K hy³ K‡ib Ges wbR mvgªvR¨ eû`~i ch©š— ewa©Z K‡ib| weL¨vZ ˆPwbK ch©UK
wnD‡qb mvs n‡l©i kvmb eë¯’vi cÖksmv K‡i‡Qb| wZwb wQ‡jb †eŠ× a‡g©i Abymvix|
cÖRvKj¨vYB wQj Zvui Rxe‡bi GKgvÎ eªZ| nl© wk¶v I ms¯‹…wZi Dbœq‡b we‡kl D‡`¨vMx
wQ‡jb| wZwb wb‡R K‡qKwU bvUKI iPbv K‡ib| m¤¢eZ: 646 wLª÷v‡ã n‡l©i g„Zz¨ nq|
†Kvb DËivwaKvix bv _vKvq Zvui g„Zzï ci _v‡bk¦i ivR¨ AvÍ Kjn I M„nhy‡× wQbœwfbœ n‡q
hvq| mvaviYfv‡e ejv n‡q _v‡K, cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi mvgªvR¨‡Kw›`ªK BwZnv‡m nl©ea©bB †kl
D‡j−L‡hvM¨ mgªvU|

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
1| cyl¨f‚wZ es‡ki cÖ_g ¸i“Z¡c~Y© kvmK−
K. MÖneg©b|
L. cÖfvKiea©b|
M. nl©ea©b|
N. ivRëa©b|
2| _v‡bk¦‡ii AbyK‚‡j M‡o IVv kw³‡RvB−
K. gvje-†MŠo kw³‡RvU|
L. gvje-_v‡bk¦i kw³‡RvU|
M. kkvsK-¸ß kw³‡RvU|
N. cyl¨f~wZ-†gŠLix kw³‡RvU|
3| mßg kZvãx‡Z fvi‡Z AvMgbKvix weL¨vZ ˆPwbK ch©U‡Ki bvg−
K. dv-wn‡qb|
L. gv-‡Zvqvb-wjb|
M. wnD‡qb mvs|
N. †ks-wP|
4| fv¯‹ieg©b wQ‡jb−
K. kkvs‡Ki wgÎ, gvj‡ei ivRv|
L. kkvs‡Ki kÎ“, _v‡bk¦‡ii ivRv|
M. nl©ea©‡bi wgÎ, Kvgiƒ‡ci ivRv|
N. nl©ea©‡bi kÎ“, †MŠ‡oi ivRv|
5| ÔcÂ fviZÕ ej‡Z †h 5wU ivR¨ †evSvq−
K. K‡bŠR, ej−fx, gMa, DrKj I _v‡bk¦i|
L. K‡bŠR, evsjv, Øvifv½v, cvÄve I DrKj|
M. K‡bŠR, Øviv fv½v, ej−fx, gMa I Kvgiƒc|
N. K‡bŠR, evsjv, cvÄve, _v‡bk¦i I PvjyK¨|
6| ÔmK‡jvËi c_-bv_Õ A_©−
K. DËivÂ‡ji AwaivR|
L. DËivÂ‡ji ÎvYKZ©v|
M. DËivÂ‡ji cw_K|
N. DËivÂ‡ji ci‡gk¦i|
7| ÔiZœvejxÕ iPbv K‡ib−

K. evYfÆ|
L. Kvwj`vm|
M. nl©ea©b|
N. kkvsK|
8| evYfÆ Ges wnD‡qb mvs - Gi iPbvi cÖavb mxgve×Zv n‡”Q−
K. fvlvi AjsKvi evn~j¨|
L. avivevwnK weeiY bq|
M. mb-Zvwi‡Li Miwgj|
N. eY©bvq c¶cvwZZ¡|
1. cÖvPxb fvi‡Z cyl¨f‚wZ es‡ki cwiPq I DÌvb m¤ú‡K© msw¶ß weeiY w`b|
2. nl©ea©‡bi ag©bxwZ Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|
3. nl©ea©‡bi hy× weMÖ‡ni GKwU msw¶ß eY©bv w`b|
4. nl©ea©‡bi kvmb eë¯’v †Kgb wQj- D‡j−L Ki“b|
5. fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡m nl©ea©‡bi ivRZ¡Kv‡ji ¸i“Z¡ wbY©q Ki“b|
cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi mf¨Zv-ms¯‹…wZ

cvV 12
D‡Ïk¨
◗ cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi mf¨Zv I ms¯‹…wZ weKv‡ki GKwU avivevwnK weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ wewfbœ hy‡M fviZxq ms¯‹…wZ‡Z ê‡`wkK cÖfve e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ wewfbœ hy‡M wkíKjvi wewfbœ †¶‡Î êwkó¨¸wj m¤ú‡K© eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
mf¨Zv I ms¯‹…wZi Avw`ce©

cÖvPxb fviZxq mf¨Zv-ms¯‹…wZi cÖ_g AvbyôvwbK cÖKvk wn‡m‡e wmÜz mf¨Zvi K_v ejv †h‡Z
cv‡i| wesk kZ‡Ki †Mvovi w`K ch©š— GB aviYv cÖPwjZ wQj †h, fviZxq mf¨Zv êw`K hyM
n‡Z ev Avh©‡ì AvMg‡bi ci †_‡K ïi“ n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ wmÜz mf¨Zvi Avwe®‹v‡ii d‡j G aviYvi
Avh©‡ì AvMg‡bi nvRvi eQi cwieZ©b N‡U‡Q Gs cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q †h, Avh©‡ì AvMg‡bi nvRvi eQi c~‡e©B G AÂj GK D”P-
c~‡e©B G AÂj GK D”P- gv‡bi mf¨Zvi AwaKvix n‡qwQj| myZivs G ch©š— cÖvß mv¶¨ cÖgvYv`xi wfwË‡Z GK_v ejv
gv‡bi mf¨Zvi AwaKvix
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my‡gixq) mgmvgwqK|
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Lye †ewk KwVb bq| wewfbœ mgq we‡`kx‡ì AvµgY Ges Zv‡ì †`k kvm‡bi d‡j fviZxq
mf¨Zv I ms¯‹…wZi Dci ewn‡`©kxq ms¯‹…wZi cÖfveI c‡o‡Q| Avevi fviZxq ms¯‹…wZI `w¶b-
c~e© Gwkqv Ges wPbmn A‡bK †`‡k cÖfve we¯—vi K‡i‡Q| Gfv‡e wgjb-wgkª‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q Ges
fviZxq AÂ‡ji ¯^Kxq êwkó¨‡K mgybœZ †i‡L cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi mf¨Zv ms¯‹…wZi aviv eRvq
†_‡K‡Q| niàv I g‡nb&‡Rv`v‡iv ms¯‹…wZi aviv êw`K hyM AwZµg K‡i, †gŠh© fvi‡Zi
RbKj¨vYgywLZv I ag©xq D`viZv‡K aviY K‡i, KzlvY hy‡Mi ˆkwíK K…wZZ¡‡K jvjb K‡i, ¸ß
hy‡Mi aªƒc`x mvs¯‹…wZK ¸i“Z¡‡K enb K‡i Ges cyl¨f‚wZ es‡ki ag©-mvwnZ¨ I mvs¯‹…wZK
Ae`vb‡K ¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡q avivevwnKZv A¶zYœ †i‡L‡Q|
wmÜz mf¨Zv
wmÜz mf¨Zv cÖvPxb fviZxq mf¨Zv-ms¯‹…wZi cÖ_g my¯úó cÖKvk| niàv I g‡nb&‡Rv`v‡iv n‡Z 2
nvRvi kxj‡gvni Avwe®‹vi cÖvPxb fviZxq mf¨Zvi BwZnv‡m AwZ ¸i“Z¡c~Y©; wKš‘ `yf©vM¨RbK
wmÜz mf¨Zv cÖvPxb fviZxq †h, wmÜz wjwci cv‡Vv×vi Kiv GLbI m¤¢e nqwb| wmÜz mf¨Zv wQj bMi‡Kw›`ªK| Gi iv¯—vNvU
mf¨Zv-ms¯‹…wZi cÖ_g my¯úó
wbg©vY, M„nwbg©v‡Yi we‡kl c×wZ, `yM©-‡eówb, km¨vMvi I mfvM„n wbg©vY, øvbvMvi Ges
cÖKvk
cq:cÖYvjx eë¯’v wQj D‡j−L‡hvM¨| wmÜz Awaevmx‡ì ivR‰bwZK, mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK
Rxe‡bi †hUzKz Z_¨ cvIqv hvq Zv †_‡K Abygvb Kiv hvq fvi‡Z †m mgq mymsMwVZ bMi
mf¨Zvi weKvk N‡UwQj| wewfbœ mvs¯‹…wZK mv`„‡kï wfwË‡Z Av‡iv Abygvb Kiv nq †h, cwðg
Gwkqvi my‡gwiq I Ab¨vb¨ mf¨Zvi mv‡_ cÖvPxbKv‡j fvi‡Zi evwYwR¨K I mvs¯‹…wZK †hvM wQj|
êw`K mf¨Zv
cÖvPxb fviZxq mf¨Zv-ms¯‹…wZi BwZnv‡m wmÜz mf¨Zvi ci êw`K mf¨Zvi K_v ej‡Z n‡e|
wmÜz mf¨Zvi g‡Zv ¸i“Z¡c~Y©
bv n‡jI cÖvPxb fviZxq wmÜz mf¨Zvi g‡Zv ¸i“Z¡c~Y© bv n‡jI cÖvPxb fviZxq mf¨Zvi †¶‡Î êw`K Avh© RvwZ I êw`K
mf¨Zvi †¶‡Î êw`K Avh© mf¨Zvi Ae`vb G‡Kev‡i Kg wQj bv| Avh©iv fvi‡Z Avmvi ci cÖ_‡g DËi-cwðg AÂj I
RvwZ I êw`K mf¨Zvi cvÄv‡e emevm ¯’vcb K‡i| Gici µ‡gB Avh© ms¯‹…wZi `w¶Y-c~e©vwfgyLx we¯—vi m¤úbœ nq Ges
Ae`vb G‡Kev‡i Kg wQj bv fvi‡Z weKwkZ nq Avh© ms¯‹…wZ| FK‡e‡ì hyM Ges cieZ©x êw`K hy‡M Avh©-Abvh© ms¯‹…wZi
we‡iva-wgjb msNwVZ nq| mvgvwRK AvPvi-eënvi, Lv`¨vf¨vm, A_©‰bwZK Rxeb Ges mvwn‡Zï
†¶‡Î G mgq wKQzUv AMÖMwZ mvwaZ nq| eªvþY¨ a‡g©i cÖeZ©b I weKvk, mgv‡R eY© I RvwZ‡f`
cÖ_vi cÖfve I †KŠg mgvR †_‡K ivRZ‡š¿ DËi‡Yi c~e©vfvl GB hy‡MB N‡U| Av‡iv N‡U Abvh©
fvlvi weKvk| Gfv‡eB Avh©-Abvh© RvwZi cvi¯úwiK †mŠnv`©¨g~jK mnve¯’v‡bi d‡j fvi‡Z
bZyb GK kw³kvjx mf¨Zv weKvk jvf K‡i - Gfv‡eB iwPZ nq fviZxq mf¨Zvi cÖv_wgK
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cwijw¶Z nq| wewfbœ Kvi‡Y G mgqwU Ôag© wec−‡ei hyMÕ wn‡m‡e L¨vZ| ag©‡¶‡Î kv¯¿xq AvPvi
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Abyôv‡bi cÖvavb¨, cy‡ivwnZ
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gvby‡li cÖwZ gvby‡li N„Yv gnvexi Ges †eŠ× a‡g©i cÖeZ©K †MŠZg ey× Kg©dj I Rb¥vš—iev‡` wek¦vm, eY©‡f` I eªvþY¨
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cÖfve h‡_ô, Zv‡ì Ae`vbI Acwimxg|
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Gici wLª÷c~e© lô kZvãx‡Z Ô†lvok gnvRbc‡ì hyMÕ Avi¤¢ nq Ges gMa‡Kw›`ªK mvgªvRëv`x
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gnvRbc‡ì hyMÕ Avi¤¢ nq
Ges gMa‡Kw›`ªK mvgªvRëv`x
cÖL¨vZ wMÖK exi Av‡jKRvÛvi fviZ AvµgY K‡ib| Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii Avµg‡Y cviwmK mvgªvR¨
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N‡U Gmgq P‡j Av‡mb fvi‡Z| †gŠh© wkíKjv Ges A‡kv‡Ki ¯—¤¢¸wj‡Z cviwmK cÖfve j¶Yxq|
Ab¨w`‡K g¨vwm‡Wv‡bi w`wM¦Rqx exi Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii Avµg‡Yi d‡j wMÖm I fvi‡Zi g‡aÏ
mvs¯‹…wZK †hvMv‡hvM Nwbô nq| fvi‡Zi MvÜvi wkíixwZ‡Z wMÖK cÖfve we‡klfv‡e †`Lv hvq|
a¨vbx ey‡×i g~wZ©i bvK, Kvb I gv_vi MV‡bI wMÖK cÖfve my¯úófv‡e we`¨gvb| †gŠh© kvmb
eë¯’v, †R¨vwZwe©Ávb BZ¨vw` †¶‡Î wMÖK‡ì Ae`vb ¯^xKvh©| gy`ªv Ges Kv‡Vi cÖvmv` wbg©v‡YI
wMÖK cÖfve †`Lv hvq| fviZxq mf¨Zv-ms¯‹…wZI G mgq wMÖK‡ì Dci cÖfve †d‡jwQj|
fviZxq `k©b I ag©ZË¡ wMÖK wPš—vwe`‡ì Mfxifv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡iwQj e‡j Rvbv hvq|
†gŠh© mf¨Zv I ms¯‹…wZ
fvi‡Z cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv e„nr AvKv‡i mvgªvR¨ MV‡bi K…wZZ¡ †gŠh©‡ì| P›`ª¸ß †gŠh© Ges A‡kvK
n‡”Qb †gŠh© mvgªv‡Rï K…wZ kvmK| †KejgvÎ hy× weMÖnB bq, Gu‡ì kvmbKv‡j fvi‡Z mf¨Zv-
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Ges Abvh© wkíixwZi wgkª‡Y †gŠh© wkíixwZ weKwkZ n‡qwQj e‡j A‡b‡KB g‡b K‡ib| cviwmK
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cÖmvi NUvb †eŠ×a‡g©i Ges
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G‡Z †Kvb êwPÎ¨ wQj bv| wKš‘ hvuiv cvðvZ¨ wkíixwZi AbyivMx Zvuiv e‡jb †h, MvÜvi wkí
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`wÛY, Agiwmsn, wekvL`Ë, fviwe cÖgyL e¨w³Z¡ n‡”Qb ¸ß hy‡Mi mvs¯‹…wZK cÖwZwbwa| GB
D”PgvM©xq Ávb-weÁvb PP©vi cvkvcvwk wkíKjv A_©vr ¯’vcZ¨, fv¯‹h© I wPÎKjvq ¸ß hyM wQj
AmvaviY m„Rbkxj| cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡m ¸ß hy‡Mi mf¨Zv I ms¯‹…wZ Ôaªƒc`x ms¯‹…ZÕ
wn‡m‡e weL¨vZ|
cyl¨f‚wZ hy‡M mf¨Zv I ms¯‹…wZ
cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi me©‡kl mvgªvRëv`x kw³ wn‡m‡e cyl¨f‚wZ ivResk ivR¨ kvmb K‡ib| Gu‡ì
kvmbvg‡jI RbgyLx kvmbeë¯’v cÖPwjZ nq| cyl¨f‚wZ kvmKiv wbqwgZfv‡e eyw×Rxex I ¸Yx‡ì
e„wË, ag©xq m¤úÖ`vq‡K `vb, iv¯—v-NvU ˆZwi, Lvj Lbb, weaev‡ì e„wË, Amnvq RbM‡Yi fiY-
‡cvlY BZ¨vw` Kv‡R cÖPzi A_© e¨q Ki‡Zb| wnD‡qb mvs m~‡Î nl©ea©‡bi Avg‡j fviZe‡l©i †h
ivR‰bwZK wPÎ cvIqv hvq Zv‡Z AwZk‡qvw³ _vK‡jI mgvRRxeb, A_©‰bwZK Rxeb, ag©xq
Ae¯’v, Ávb-weÁvb PP©v Ges wk¶v `x¶v m¤ú‡K© †mLv‡b fzj Z_¨ Lye GKUv †bB| wZwb gnvgwZ
A‡kv‡Ki g‡ZvB D`vi ag©bxwZ AbymiY K‡ib| wbwl× K‡ib RxenZ¨v| me‡P‡q eo K_v
AZx‡Zi g‡Zv nl©I wQ‡jb ag©mwnòz bxwZ‡Z wek¦vmx| Zvui mg‡q ms¯‹…Z mvwn‡Zï cÖf‚Z DbœwZ
mvwaZ nq| evYfÆ Ghy‡Mi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ †jLK| cyl¨f‚wZ ivRes‡ki kvmbvg‡j fviZxq mf¨Zv-
ms¯‹…wZi avivevwnKZv eRvq †_‡K‡Q GK_v ejv †h‡Z cv‡i|
mvi-ms‡¶c fviZxq mf¨Zv I ms¯‹…wZ mycÖvPxb| Avh© AvMg‡bi eû c~e© †_‡KB fvi‡Z mf¨Zvi weKvk
N‡UwQj; bMi‡Kw›`ªK wmÜz mf¨Zv fviZel©‡K c„w_exi Ab¨vb¨ Avw` mf¨Zv †K›`ªmg~‡ni
mgmvgwqKZv `vb K‡i‡Q| Avh© AvMg‡bi ci êw`K mf¨Zv m„wó K‡i‡Q bZyb †mªvZaviv|
GB †mªvZavivq †eŠ× I ˆRb ag©-ms¯‹…wZ ms‡hvwRZ n‡q fviZxq mf¨Zv cÖevwnZ n‡q‡Q bZyb
Lv‡Z| †gŠh©, KzlvY, ¸ß I cyl¨f‚wZ mvgªv‡Rï Aax‡b fviZxq ms¯‹…wZ mg„× n‡q‡Q A‡bK
ê‡`wkK cÖfve AvÍ̄’ K‡i| GKB mv‡_ fviZxq mf¨Zv I ms¯‹…wZ Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q ga¨ Gwkqv,
wPb Ges `w¶b-c~e© Gwkqvi wewfbœ †`‡k| cÖwZ hy‡MB bZyb gvÎv ms‡hvwRZ n‡q‡Q ms¯‹…wZi
wewfbœ †¶‡Î, we‡kl K‡i wkíKjvi wewfbœ A½‡b| weKvk N‡U‡Q ms¯‹…Z fvlvq iwPZ mvwnZ¨
Ges Ávb-weÁv‡bi wewfbœ †¶‡Î|
mvgwMÖKfv‡e ej‡Z †M‡j GK_v ejv †h‡Z cv‡i †h, `w¶Y Gwkqvq we‡kl ai‡Yi AvÂwjK
cwigÛ‡j Ae¯’vbMZ ev¯—eZvq fviZel© mvs¯‹…wZK ¯^vZš¿¨ wb‡q wbR¯^ Aw¯—‡Z¡i cÖKvk
NwU‡q‡Q| mycÖvPxbKvj †_‡KB G AÂj ¯^Zš¿ êwkó¨ wb‡q weKwkZ n‡q‡Q| wmÜz mf¨Zvi
Kv‡j †h bMi mf¨Zvi cÖgvY cvIqv †M‡Q Zv fviZe‡l©i mf¨Zv-ms¯‹…wZi mycÖvPxbZvi cwiPq
enb K‡i| Gici †eŠ× ag©‡K †K›`ª K‡i †h D`viZvi myi aŸwbZ n‡q‡Q Zvi avivevwnKZv
i¶v K‡i‡Qb †Mvuov eªvþYëv`x A‡bK wn›`y kvmKI| wkíKjvi †¶‡Î fviZe‡l©i wbR¯^ ixwZ
M‡o D‡V‡Q| GKB mv‡_ ms¯‹…Z fvlv‡K Avkªq K‡i weKwkZ n‡q‡Q mvwnZ¨ aviv| GB me
wKQy wgwj‡q cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi mf¨Zv I ms¯‹…wZi ¯^KxqZv wba©viY Kiv m¤¢e|

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
1| fviZxq mf¨Zv-ms¯‹…wZi cÖv_wgK eywbqv` iwPZ nq−
K. bMi cwiKíbv ev¯—evq‡bi gva¨‡g|
L. K…wli Avwe®‹v‡ii gva¨‡g|
M. Avh©-Abvh© ms¯‹…wZi we‡iva wgj‡bi gva¨‡g|
N. †gŠh© I ¸ß kvmK‡ì RbKj¨vY mva‡bi gva¨‡g|
2| KzlvY hy‡Mi wewkó cwÊZ−
K. Kvwj`vm|
L. nwi‡lY|
M. evYfÆ|
N. Ak¦‡Nvl|
3| Ôag© wec−‡ei hyMÕ -Gi cÖavb Ae`vb n‡”Q−
K. ag©xq D`viZvi cÖwZ ¸i“Z¡ ¯’vcb|

L. eªvþYëv‡ì cÖwZ ¸i“Z¡ ¯’vcb|
M. ivRvi Dci †èZ¡ ¯’vcb|
N. ag©‡¶‡Î K‡Vvi eY©‡f` cÖ_vi cÖPjb|
4| Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii Avµg‡Yi mvs¯‹…wZK dj n‡”Q−
K. cvi‡mï mv‡_ ms‡hvM ¯’vcb|
L. wMÖ‡mi mv‡_ mvs¯‹…wZK †jb‡`b|
M. ga¨ Gwkqvi mv‡_ ms‡hvM ¯’vcb|
N. cvi‡mï mv‡_ mvs¯‹…wZK mwÜ ¯’vcb|
5| MvÜvi fv¯‹h© wk‡íi we‡klZ¡ n‡”Q−
K. cvðvZ¨ welqe¯‘‡Z fviZxq AjsKiY|
L. fviZxq welqe¯‘‡Z cvðvZ¨ ixwZ cÖ‡qvM|
M. mv_©K fviZxq ixwZi cÖ‡qvM|
N. m¤ú~Y© wMÖK AjsKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvM|
6| †gŠh© kvmb eë¯’vi cÖavb j¶¨ wQj−
K. wePvi eë¯’vq K‡VviZv Av‡ivc|
L. wkíKjvi ivóªxq c„ô‡cvlKZv cÖ`vb|
M. RbKj¨vYgyLx ZrciZv e„w× Kiv|
N. evwYwR¨K mg„w× AR©b Kiv|
7| ¸ß hy‡Mi cÖavb cÖksmbxq w`K n‡”Q−
K. ¯’vcZ¨-fv¯‹‡h© AmvaviYZ¡|
L. Ávb-weÁvb PP©vi AMÖMwZ|
M. ¸ß kvmK‡ì ag© mwnòz AvPiY|
N. ¸ß kvmK‡ì we‡`¨vrmvwnZv|
8| ÔcÖÁv-cviwgZv-m~ÎÕ iPbv K‡ib−
K. ag©KxwZ©|
L. Ak¦‡Nvl|
M. k~`ªK|
N. bvMvR©yb|
1. cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi mf¨Zv ms¯‹…wZi Avw`ce© m¤ú‡K© GKwU msw¶ß UxKv wjLyb|
2. ÒwmÜz-mf¨Zv cÖvPxb fviZxq mf¨Zv-ms¯‹…wZi cÖ_g my¯úó cÖKvkÓ -e¨vL¨v Ki“b|
3. cÖvPxb fviZxq mf¨Zv−ms¯‹…wZi BwZnv‡m êw`K mf¨Zvi Ae`vb g~j¨vqb Ki“b|
4. fviZxq mf¨Zvi BwZnv‡m Ôag© wec−‡ei hyMÕ †KvbwU wbY©q Ki“b|
5. cÖvPxb fvi‡Z †gŠh©mf¨Zv I ms¯‹…wZi Dci msw¶ß UxKv wjLyb|
6. ¸ß mf¨Zv I ms¯‹…wZi g~jK_v¸‡jv ms‡¶‡c D‡j−L Ki“b|
P‚ovš— g~j¨vqb- 7 : iPbvg~jK cÖkœ

1. P›`ª¸ß †gŠh© †K wQ‡jb? cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡m Zvui K…wZZ¡ wbiƒcY Ki“b|
2. fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡m A‡kv‡Ki ¯’vb wba©viY Ki“b| Zvu‡K ÔgnvgwZÕ ejv nq †Kb?
3. A‡kv‡Ki Ôa¤§Õ ej‡Z wK †evSvq? GB ag© cÖeZ©b I cÖPv‡i wZwb K‡Zv`~i mvdj¨ AR©b
K‡iwQ‡jb?
4. gvbyl I kvmK wn‡m‡e A‡kv‡Ki g~j¨vqb Ki“b|
5. KzlvY Kviv? Kwb®‹‡K ÔKzlvY †kªôÕ ejv hvq wK?

6. ÔGjvnvev` cÖkw¯—Õi Av‡jv‡K mgy`ª¸‡ßi PwiÎ I K…wZZ¡ Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|
7. wØZxq P›`ª¸‡ßi K…wZZ¡ g~j¨vqb Ki“b| wZwbB wK ÔwKse`š—xi weµgvw`Z¨Õ?
8. dv-wn‡qb †K wQ‡jb? dv-wn‡q‡bi weei‡Yi Av‡jv‡K mgKvjxb fvi‡Zi Av_©-mvgvwRK I
ag©xq BwZnvm cybM©Vb Ki“b|
9. ¸ß Avg‡j cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi ms¯‹…Z fvlv I mvwn‡Zï weKvk ch©v‡jvPbv Ki“b|
10. cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi wkíKjvi BwZnv‡m ¸ß‡ì Ae`vb wbiƒcY Ki“b| K‡Zv`~i ch©š— ¸ß
wkíKjvi cÖmvi N‡UwQj?
11. nl©ea©b wKfv‡e _v‡bk¦‡ii wmsnvm‡b Dcweô nb? Zvu‡K wK ÔDËi fvi‡Zi †kl
mvgªvRëv`x mgªvUÕ ejv hvq?
12. †gŠh©-¸ß hy‡Mi mf¨Zv-ms¯‹…wZ wel‡q GKwU wbeÜ iPbv Ki“b|
DËigvjv
cvV 7.1 t 1. M 2. N 3. M 4. M 5. M 6. L 7. K
cvV 7.2 t 1. L 2. N 3. M 4. K 5. L 6. M 7. M
cvV 7.3 t 1. M 2. N 3. L 4. L 5. N 6. M 7. K
cvV 7.4 t 1. L 2. M 3. L 4. M 5. M 6. L 7. N 8. M
cvV 7.5 t 1. N 2. M 3. L 4. N 5. N 6. M 7. M
cvV 7.6 t 1. K 2. M 3. L 4. N 5. N 6. M 7. M
cvV 7.7 t 1. M 2. N 3. K 4. M 5. N 6. M
cvV 7.8 t 1. L 2. N 3. M 4. L 5. M 6. N
cvV 7.9 t 1. M 2. K 3. K 4. N 5. M
cvV 7.10 t 1. M 2. N 3. M 4. L 5. N 6. L 7. M 8. M 9. N 10. N
cvV 7.11 t 1. L 2. N 3. M 4. M 5. L 6. K 7. M 8. N
cvV 7.12 t 1. M 2. N 3. K 4. L 5. L 7. M 8. N

Bdwbu: Cövpxb Fvi Zi MVG VR

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BDwbU

cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi mvgªvR¨

†gŠh© mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôvi cUf‚wg

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ 92

nl©¼-‰kïbvM es‡ki wew¤^mvi, gM‡ai cÖvavb¨

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ 93

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 7.1

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ 94

6| iv‡R¨i wei“‡× ARvZkÎ“ hy× K‡ib−

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ 95

b›` I †gŠh©¨ mvgªvR¨

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ 96

cÖ_g Rxeb I mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôv

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ 97

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ 98

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 7.2

1. P›`ª¸ß †gŠ‡h©i cwiPq w`b|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ 99

cÖv_wgK Rxeb I wmsnvmb Av‡ivnY

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ 100

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ 101

A‡kv‡Ki mvgªvR¨ mxgv

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ 102

A‡kv‡Ki g„Zz¨ I mvgªv‡R¨i cZb

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ 103

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 7.3

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ 104

KzlvY mvgªvR¨ I Kwb®‹

KzlvY‡`i Avw` cwiPq

KzlvY mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôv

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ 105

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ 106

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 7.4

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ 107

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ 108

¸ß mvgªv‡R¨i cÖwZôv I cÖ_g P›`ª¸ß

Kzlv‡YvËi hy‡M fviZ

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ 109

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ 110

Ôwj”Qweqv:Õ weev‡ni ¸i“Z¡

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ 111

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 7.5

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ 112

mgy`ª¸‡ßi BwZnv‡mi Dcv`vb

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ 113

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ 114

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 7.6

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ 115

7| mgy`ª¸‡ßi ek¨Zv ¯^xKvi K‡iwQj−

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ 116

wØZxq P›`ª¸ß weµgvw`Z¨

wØZxq P›`ª¸ß t BwZnv‡mi Dcv`vb

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ 117

wØZxq P›`ª¸‡ßi K…wZZ¡

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 7.7

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ 118

3| wØZxq P›`ª¸‡ßi wØZxq ivRavbx n‡”Q−

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ 119

dv-wn‡q‡bi eY©bvq mgKvjxb fviZ