3.2 Diffraction Object As Described by Koppelmann: What Can Be Learned From Diffraction Patterns?

Science - Physics - Optics and Atom Physics - 3 Diffraction on
everyday life's objects (P1416301)
3.2 Diffraction object as described by

Koppelmann
Experiment by: Phywe
Printed: Nov 5, 2013 2:58:16 PM
interTESS (Version 13.06 B200, Export 2000)
Task
Task
What can be learned from diffraction patterns?
You are already familiar with the interference at a grating. This knowledge can be used to
investigate and analyse structures of microscopic dimensions.
In this experiment you will learn to draw conclusions about structures from their interference
patterns.
Use the space below for your own notes.
Logged in as a teacher you will find a button below for additional information.
-1-
Additional Information
The experiment can be carried out in daylight because the diffraction pattern from a
red LED can clearly be seen. However, the arrangement should not face into the light.
It must be ensured that as far as possible only one Koppelmann pattern is always
viewed with the eye.
Background to the Koppelmann patterns

In the top row the development from a single slit to a grating is shown. In the
diffraction patterns the increasingly finer resolutions from a few to many lines can
be seen.
In the lower row two dimensional lattices and crystal structures are shown. The
diffraction patterns are accordingly more complex.
-2-
Material
Material
Material from "TESS-Optics and Atomic Physics" (Order No. 13286.88)
Position No. Material Order No. Quantity

1 LED-red 09852-20 1
2 Slide mount without angle scale 09851-02 1
3 Aperture holder 22604-09 1
4 Lens on slide mount, f = +50 mm 09820-01 1
5 Koppelmann diffraction object 09851-15 1
6 Measuring tape, l = 2 m 09936-00 1
Additional Material
7 Power Supply, controlled 0...12 V 13505-93 1
8 School ruler (large) 1
Connecting lead, red 07362-01 1
Connecting lead, blue 07362-04 1
Material required for the experiment
-3-
Setup
Setup
• Attach the LED with the aperture holder to the slide mount and stand it up. Other stands
are not required for this experiment.
1 .giF 2 .giF 3 .giF
• Connect the LED to the current source. Ensure that the poles are connected correctly.
• Set the power supply to 6 V.
Fig. 4 Fig. 5
-4-
Action
Action
• At a distance of 3 - 4 m hold the slide with the Koppelmann figures directly in front of
your eye and look at the various diffraction patterns occurring as you look at the LED.
• For each figure on the slide record the corresponding diffraction pattern together with a
small sketch. Describe the diffraction pattern briefly.
Fig. 6
• Use the lens as a magnifying glass and look carefully at the figures on the slide - draw
the figures next to the diffraction patterns that you have noted down in the preceding
step.
Fig. 7 Fig. 8
• Determine as an example the distance between the lines for the second figure from the
right in the lower row. Place a large school ruler next to the LED and walk approx. 8 to
10 metres away. Vary your distance until an interference falls onto an easily read position
on the ruler and record your distance from the LED as l and the distance of the maximum
from the middle as a.
-5-
Fig. 9 Fig. 10
Fig.11 Fig.12
-6-
Results
Results
-7-
-8-
-9-
Measured results
Below are shown the original patterns and the associated diffraction patterns:
The schematic diagram is of course not so impressive as the view through the slide,
but it should give a first impression.
The transition from a single slit to the grating can be discussed here.
On account of the complexity of the remaining figures only 2 diffraction patterns are
shown as drawings:
- 10 -
For further clarification here is another view through the slide (of figure 8):
From the figures it can be seen that diffraction patterns allow conclusions to be drwan
about the starting structures. For example, diffraction pattern (8) is a typical example
for a structural analysis of a crystal (Laue method - with the Laue method a single
crystal is analysed by means of x-ray radiation, with the Debey-Scherrer method,
however, a powder made from crystallites is used).
- 11 -
Evaluation
Evaluation
Question 1
Describe in your own words the relationship between the diffraction figures and the original
figures.
Question 2
For determining the distance between the lines in the second part use these
formulae: sin(αk) = k x λ/g and tan(αk) = ak/l, with k being the order of the observed maximum.
The wavelength λ is 631 nm for the red diode. Combine the two equations and solve to get g.
Should you have any problems with the re-arranging use the following equation:
g = k x (λ/(sin(arctan(ak/l)))).
- 12 -

3.2 Diffraction Object As Described by Koppelmann: What Can Be Learned From Diffraction Patterns?

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

3.2 Diffraction Object As Described by Koppelmann: What Can Be Learned From Diffraction Patterns?

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

3.2 Diffraction Object As Described by Koppelmann: What Can Be Learned From Diffraction Patterns?

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Science - Physics - Optics and Atom Physics - 3 Diffraction on

everyday life's objects (P1416301)

3.2 Diffraction object as described by

Use the space below for your own notes.

Background to the Koppelmann patterns

Position No. Material Order No. Quantity

Material required for the experiment

1 .giF 2 .giF 3 .giF

You might also like