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Fundamentals of Polymer Engineering

PPE-108
2nd Semester-Spring 2024

Dr. Yasir Qayyum Gill

Associate Professor
Room No. 105
Department of Polymer and Process
Engineering
University of Engineering and
Technology, Lahore.
[email protected]
Mob. 03337067069
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Course Introduction

Instructor Dr. Yasir Qayyum Gill

Room No. 105
Email [email protected]
Course Basics
Credit Hours 4 (3 Theory + 1 Laboratory)
Contact Hours 6 (3 Theory + 3 Laboratory)

Examination Detail
Midterm Duration: 70 Minutes, Marks: 30.
Exam Specifications: Closed books/Closed notes

Final Duration: 100 Minutes, Marks: 40.

Examination Exam Specifications: Closed books/Closed notes
Final exam will include 20-30 % course from pre-midterm
lectures.
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Course Description

SECTION-I POLYMER FUNDAMENTALS

 Types of polymers: Thermoplastics and thermosets, chemistry of synthesis,
structure
 Molecular structure of polymers: Types of bonds, bond distances and
strengths, bonding and response to temperature, action of solvents,
bonding and molecular structure, stereoisomerism
 Polymer morphology: Amorphous and crystalline polymers, the effect of
polymer structure, temperature, and solvent on crystallinity, the effect of
crystallinity on polymer density, the effect of crystallinity on mechanical
properties, the effect of crystallinity on optical properties, models for the
crystalline structure of polymers, extended chain crystals, liquid crystal
polymers
 Characterization of molecular weight: Average molecular weights,
determination of average molecular weights, molecular weight
distributions, gel permeation (or size-exclusion) chromatography (GPC,
SEC)
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Course Description

 Thermal transitions in polymers: The glass transition, molecular

motions in an amorphous polymer, determination of Tg, factors that
influence Tg, the effect of copolymerization on Tg, the
thermodynamics of melting, he metastable amorphous state, the
influence of copolymerization on thermal properties, effect of
additives on thermal properties, effects of crosslinking, thermal
degradation of polymers
 Rheological behavior of polymers and viscoelasticity: Relations
between shear force and shear rate, polymer melts and solutions,
power law for non-Newtonian fluids, temperature dependence of
flow properties, influence of molecular weight on flow properties,
the effects of pressure on viscosity, viscous energy dissipation,
introduction to linear viscoelasticity
 Mechanical properties of polymers: Introduction to mechanical
properties of polymers
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Course Description

SECTION -II POLYMER PROCESSING AND PERFORMANCE

 Introduction to polymer processing
 Polymer applications: Plastics and plastic additives, rubbers and
thermoplastic elastomers, synthetic fibers, surface finishes and
coatings, adhesives
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Course Description

SECTION -III POLYMER PROPERTIES AND SINGLE-POINT TESTING

 Analytical tests: Density and specific gravity, water absorption, moisture analysis,
sieve analysis, pourability of plastic materials
 Material characterization tests: melt flow index (MFI), viscometer
 Mechanical tests: Tensile testing, flexural testing, creep and stress relaxation,
impact testing, hardness
 Thermal properties: Heat deflection temperature, Vicat softening point, melting
point, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, brittleness temperature
 Electrical properties: Dielectric strength, dielectric constant and dissipation factor
 Weathering properties: Accelerated weathering and out-door weathering
 Optical properties: Refractive index, luminous transmittance and haze, color,
gloss
 Chemical properties: Immersion tests, solvent stress-cracking resistance,
environmental stress-cracking resistance
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Books

Textbooks:
 Christopher S. Brazel, Stephen L. Rosen, Fundamental Principles of
Polymeric Materials, Third Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012 (ISBN-
13: 978-0470505427)
 Alberto Naranjo et. al., Plastic Testing and Characterization:
Industrial Applications, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich, 2008 (ISBN-13:
978-1569904251)
 Polymer Science & Technology, 2nd edition by Joel R. Fried.

Reference book:
 Vishu Shah, Handbook of Plastics Testing and Failure Analysis, Third
Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007 (ISBN-13: 978-0471671893)
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COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES (CLOs)

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES (CLOs)

Mapping with Bloom’s
Mapping with
CLO Statement Taxonomy
PLO
CLO-1: The student should be able to explain the relationship between
various polymer properties such as thermal, rheological, mechanical and PLO-1 C2
polymer microstructure and polymer molecular weight
CLO-2: The student should be able to use the knowledge gained in a critical
manner to make justified choices of polymeric materials for a particular PLO-3 C3
application and their testing along with processing method
CLO-3: The student should be able to understand and comprehend the
development of polymer products, processing additives,
PLO-2 C2
processing techniques and analyze what are the commercial benefits of the
development

MAPPING OF CLOs WITH PLOs AND BLOOM’S TAXONOMY COGNITIVE LEVELS

PLO1 PLO2 PLO3 PLO4 PLO5 PLO6 PLO7 PLO8 PLO9 PLO10 PLO11 PLO12
CLO-1 C2

CLO-2 C4

CLO-3 C3
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PLOs

(i) Engineering Knowledge: An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex
engineering problems.

(ii) Problem Analysis: An ability to identify, formulate, research literature, and analyze complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences and engineering sciences.

(iii) Design/Development of Solutions: An ability to design solutions for complex engineering problems and design systems, components or processes that meet specified
needs with appropriate consideration for public health and safety, cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.

(iv) Investigation: An ability to investigate complex engineering problems in a methodical way including literature survey, design and conduct of experiments, analysis and
interpretation of experimental data, and synthesis of information to derive valid conclusions.

(v) Modern Tool Usage: An ability to create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern engineering and IT tools, including prediction and
modeling, to complex engineering activities, with an understanding of the limitations.

(vi) The Engineer and Society: An ability to apply reasoning informed by contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the
consequent responsibilities relevant to professional engineering practice and solution to complex engineering problems.

(vii) Environment and Sustainability: An ability to understand the impact of professional engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts and
demonstrate knowledge of and need for sustainable development.

(viii) Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of engineering practice.

(ix) Individual and Team Work: An ability to work effectively, as an individual or in a team, on multifaceted and /or multidisciplinary settings.

(x) Communication: An ability to communicate effectively, orally as well as in writing, on complex engineering activities with the engineering community and with
society at large, such as being able to comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive
clear instructions.

(xi) Project Management: An ability to demonstrate management skills and apply engineering principles to one’s own work, as a member and/or leader in a
team, to manage projects in a multidisciplinary environment.

(xii) Lifelong Learning: An ability to recognize importance of, and pursue lifelong learning in the broader context of innovation and technological developments.
Departmental Core – 87 Credit Hours
PPE-107
PPE-108 & PPE-108L
Engineering Materials
Fundamentals of Polymer Engineering
3(3,0)
4(3,1) 10
No Pre-requisite
No Pre-requisite
PPE-109 Industrial Stoichiometry 3(3,0) No Pre-requisite
PPE-110 & PPE-110L Particle Technology 3(2,1) No Pre-requisite
PPE-207 & PPE-207L Fluid Flow 4(3,1) No Pre-requisite
PPE-208 & PPE-208L Polymer Structures & Synthesis 4(3,1) CY-161
PPE-209 Chemical & Petrochemical Industries 3(3,0) No Pre-requisite
PPE-210 Thermodynamics 3(3,0) No Pre-requisite
PPE-211 & PPE-211L Heat Transfer 4(3,1) No Pre-requisite
PPE-212 Environmental Engineering & Process Safety 3(3,0) No Pre-requisite
PPE-213 & PPE-213L Polymer Processing Operations 4(3,1) PPE-108
PPE-214L Process Engineering Computing 1(0,3) No Pre-requisite
PPE-313 & PPE-313L Mass Transfer 4(3,1) No Pre-requisite
PPE-314 Mechanical Properties of Polymers 3(3,0) PPE-108
PPE-315 & PPE-315L Polymer Reaction Engineering 4(3,1) PPE-208
PPE-316 Polymer Compounding & Blending 3(3,0) PPE-108
PPE-317 Transport Phenomena 3(3,0) No Pre-requisite
PPE-318 & PPE-318L Polymer Analysis & Characterization 4(3,1) PPE-108
PPE-319 & PPE-319L Instrumentation & Control 4(3,1) No Pre-requisite
PPE-320 Polymer Composites 3(3,0) No Pre-requisite
PPE-321 Polymer Rheology 3(3,0) No Pre-requisite
PPE-413 & PPE-413L Process Plant Design 4(3,1) PPE-207,211,315
PPE-414 Polymer Product Design 3(3,0) PPE-108
PPE-415 & PPE-415L Polymer Processing Design & Simulation 4(3,1) PPE-213
PPE-416 Final Year Project-I 3(0,3) PPE-318
PPE-417 Final Year Project-II 3(0,3) PPE-416
 Fundamentals of
Polymer Engineering
PPE-108
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History of Plastics
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History of Plastics
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Production of plastics worldwide from
1950 to 2020 (in million metric tons)

https://www.statista.com/statistics/282732/global-production-of-plastics-since-
1950/#:~:text=Global%20plastics%20production%20was%20estimated,19's%20impacts%20on%20the%20industry.
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Polymers in Pakistan

Ref: M. Shoaib, An overview of the plastic industry in Pakistan, PAKPLAS Magazine, 2017
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Polymers in Pakistan

Ref: M. Shoaib, An overview of the plastic industry in Pakistan, PAKPLAS Magazine, 2017
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Polymers in Pakistan

Ref: M. Shoaib, An overview of the plastic industry in Pakistan, PAKPLAS Magazine, 2017
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Raw Materials Import and Export

Ref: M. Shoaib, Role and overview Pakistan plastic industry, PAKPLAS Magazine, 2020
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Ref: M. Shoaib, Role and overview Pakistan plastic industry, PAKPLAS Magazine, 2020
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Polymers in Pakistan

Ref: M. Shoaib, An overview of the plastic industry in Pakistan, PAKPLAS Magazine, 2017
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Ref: M. Shoaib, Role and overview Pakistan plastic industry, PAKPLAS Magazine, 2020
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Polymers in Pakistan

Ref: M. Shoaib, Role and overview Pakistan plastic industry, PAKPLAS Magazine, 2020
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Polymer Industries in Pakistan

Examples of the polymer-based Industries in Pakistan Examples of the polymer-centric process industries
in Pakistan
Rubber Products Polymerization Plants
Panther Tires, Service, International Polymers Engro Polymer (PVC)
Plastic Products ICI Polyester, Rupali, Ibrahim Fibres (PET fibre)
PVC, PPRC and HDPE pipes and tubing (Minhas, Beta, Popular) Clarient (PET pellets)
Home appliances (Dawlance, PEL, Haier) Descon Chemicals
Automotive Parts (Spel) Paint Industry
Plastic furniture (Boss) ICI Berger, Brighto, Master etc
Injection molded products (Various SMEs)
Foams (Master)
Packaging
Packages, Tri-pack, Roshan Packages
Polymer Composites
Fibercraft
Master-batches
Bin-Rasheed Chemicals
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Polymers in Pakistan

Ref: M. Shoaib, An overview of the plastic industry in Pakistan, PAKPLAS Magazine, 2017
 Polymer
Engineering
Jobs
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Job Description - Head of
Extrusion

 Oversee the day to day operations of

Extrusion department of Flexible packaging
 Recipe formulation
 Managing department resources for
extrusion of Targeted Plans
 New development of Blown Films
 Trouble shooting
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Job Description - Production
Engineer (Shift Based)

 Prepare production/ hourly report on prescribed formats and make

entries in log book also.
 Update and maintain visual raw material board/record.
 Maintain and update summary of manufacturing, rejection, break
down and raw material consumption reports.
 Proper communication and implementation on instructions
conveyed through log book to other shift supervisor and address all
deviations observed properly.
 Monitoring and ensure 5S activities as per set standards at each
machine and ensure that area around machines are properly
maintained.
 Properly handing over & taking over the shift work.
 Implementation of QMS.
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Sustainable Development

https://www.iucn.org/resources/issues-brief/marine-plastic-pollution