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BITG - 2113lecture2 - EC Infrastructure

The document discusses the key concepts and components of e-commerce infrastructure including the internet, world wide web, client-server model, domain name system, web browsers, web servers, and scripting languages. It defines terms like internet, intranet, extranet, and describes how the internet works using protocols like TCP/IP and packet switching.

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Soh Herry
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40 views21 pages

BITG - 2113lecture2 - EC Infrastructure

The document discusses the key concepts and components of e-commerce infrastructure including the internet, world wide web, client-server model, domain name system, web browsers, web servers, and scripting languages. It defines terms like internet, intranet, extranet, and describes how the internet works using protocols like TCP/IP and packet switching.

Uploaded by

Soh Herry
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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E-Commerce Infrastructure:

Internet and WWW


Key Definitions:
 Internet: a global network of
interconnected networks,
connecting private, public and
university networks in one
cohesive unit.
 Intranet: a private enterprise
network that uses internet and
web technologies for information
gathering and distribution within
an organization.
 Extranet: a community of interest
created by extending an Intranet
to selected entities external to an
organization.
World Wide Web (Web)
 Founded by Tim Berners Lee
 The WWW is not the Internet
 WWW is an application to share and access Web
documents on top of the Internet
• Other applications: email, FTP, newsgroups, instant
messaging, etc.
 WWW uses HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to
transmit data (eg. https://shopee.com.my/)
• Protocols for other Internet applications?
 Web documents (Web pages) are formatted in
HyperText Markup Language(HTML)

3
How does the internet work?
Characteristics of the Internet
 A huge collection of
computers connected by
TCP/IP (Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol) in
a network
 IP addresses
• Set of four integers
uniquely identifying each
node
• Example: 128.135.197.76
 Since numbers are difficult to
remember, the Internet
evolved DNS addresses
Packet Switching
 Packet switching
• A method of slicing digital messages into packets,
sending the packets along different communication paths
as they become available, and then reassembling the
packets once they arrive at their destination
• Packet – the parcels into which digital messages are
sliced for transmission over the Internet.
Routing Internet Messages:
TCP/IP and Packet Switching
 Routers
• Special-purpose computers that interconnect the computer
networks that make up the Internet and route packets to their
ultimate destination as they travel the Internet.
• Routing algorithm – Computer program that ensures packets
take the best available path toward their destination.
Client/Server Computing
 Client/server
• A model of computing in which very powerful personal
computers are connected together in a network with one or
more servers.
 Client
• A very powerful personal computer that is part of a network.
They are capable of displaying rich graphics, storing large
files, and processing graphics and sound files.
 Server
• Networked computer dedicated to common functions that
the client machines on the network need, such as storing
files, software applications, utility programs such as Web
connections, and printers.
Client/Server Model
of The Web
 Client/Server model
• Client: information consumer
• Server: information provider
• Work together to provide services
 Counterpart of C/S model: peer-to-peer (P2P) model
• Napster, Gnutella, Morpheus, KaZaA, etc

8
Domain Name System (DNS)
 DNS translates domain names to network addresses. For
example:
• altavista.com is 192.136.112.39
 Separate domain administrations:
• Defined types: COM, EDU, GOV, BIZ, TEL, NET, ORG,
INFO, NAME, MOBI
• Countries: US, JP, FR, MY, RU, CH, UK, etc.
 Tree structured directory.
 A DNS address (fptt.utem.edu.my) consists of:
• Domain name for organizations
(fptt.utem.edu.my)
• institutional site name (fptt.utem)
• top-level domain(tld) name (edu.my)
• host name for individual machines (fptt)
DOMAIN NAME RULES
 Max 255 characters per name.
 From 2 to 5 labels per domain name.
• faizal.uhost.co.tv has 4 labels
 Labels of up to 63 characters.
 Allowable characters are A-Z, 0-9, and ‘-’
 Domain names are not case sensitive.
• Other parts of a URL
may be case sensitive
 Trademark owners get
preference.
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
 All Web pages are addressed with URLs
 Format: protocol:address
• protocol may be
• ftp, http, mailto, telnet, etc
• address specifies
• A server name
• A directory path (optional)
• A filename
 Example:
• http://www.cs.uchicago.edu/courses/index.html

11
Web browsers
 Client software for Web access.
• Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, etc.

 May include tools for e-mail, address


book, news, Web authoring, etc.

 May run programs in Java, Javascript,


ActiveX, or Shockwave.

 Records data in Cookies, logs, cache.


Web Servers
 Apache, Netscape,
Microsoft, etc.
 Provides access to files
 Runs programs in CGI,
Perl, Java, C, etc.
 May support relational
database (Oracle, DB2,
SQL Server, etc.)
 May provide access to
legacy applications.
 May log access
requests.
Web navigation
 Browser starts with Home page defined in the browser.

 User navigates by:


• Stored bookmarks
• Clicking links or buttons on web pages
• Entering a URL

 Use search engines and portals.


Web Page Displays
 HTML describes page layout.

 All browsers are designed to display .html and


.htm files.

 Web page authors cannot completely control their


page displays.
• Browsers have to rework their page displays whenever a
browser window is resized
• Web pages can look different on different computers
• Users uses different typeface

 Web page authors do have some control and can


even make a few non-negotiable demands.

15
HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
 Specifies document layout including text, images, and
other media
 Creates interactive documents with hyperlinks to:
• Local documents or documents on the Web
• Other resources like FTP, e-mail, etc.
 HTML document structure
• Are enclosed between <html> and </html> tags
• Contain a head section with the title definition and
optionally other information
• Contain a body with the actual contents
Methods of creating HTML
 Manually coding with a text editor
• Notepad, TextEdit

 Conversion tools (e.g. MS Word, Abiword)

 Template based tools (MS Expressweb)

 Application development tools


• Dreamweaver, Cold Fusion
 Specialized programs
• Vignette, Wordpress, SiteBuilder
Scriptings
 Client-side scripting
• Validates user input
• Accesses the browser
• Enhances Web pages with ActiveX® controls, applets,
etc.
• Manipulates browser documents
 Client-side validation
• Reduces number of requests that need to be passed to
server
 Client-side scripting limitations
• Browser dependency
• Viewable to users through View Source command
 Example of Client-side scripting – JavaScript, VBScripts
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Scriptings
 Server-side scripts
• Provides programmers greater flexibility
• Generates custom responses for clients
• Contains greater programmatic capabilities than
client-side equivalents
• Has access to server-side software that extend
server functionality
• Example of server-side scripting – ASP, PHP, JSP,
CGI/Perl
End of lecture..

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