PART 2

Language Form and Meaning Section

Directions
In this section of the test, you will answer 42 questions found in seven different texts.
Within each text are boxes that contain four possible ways to complete a sentence.
Choose the word or words in each box that correctly complete each sentence. Mark
the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet.

Here are two sample questions:

(A) still
(B) very
1. The idea that rocks last forever and that rocks change
(C) quite
(D) never

is not completely true. If you have ever stood next to a rushing river, you

(A) saw
2. (B) seen the water hammering away at the rocks.
(C) are seeing
(D) may have seen

The correct answer to Sample 1 is (D), “never.” The correct answer to Sample 2 is (D),

“may have seen.”

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 PART 2

Questions 1-5 refer to the following note.

Lisa:

(A) So
(B) While
1. you were at basketball practice today, your teacher,
(C) Because
(D) Although

(A) take
(B) to take
2. Mr. Morris, called on the phone to talk with you. He one of
(C) is taking
(D) was taken

his other classes on a field trip to the aquarium this Saturday. A student in that

(A) will be able not

(B) not will be able
3. class is sick and to go. Mr. Morris wants to know
(C) be able will not
(D) will not be able

(A) that student’s place

(B) that student’s place is
4. whether you’d like to take (C) of that student’s place on the trip. He
(D) that student’s place, which

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 PART 2

(A) asking
(B) offering
5. said that he is (C) deciding you the chance first because of the great report
(D) discussing

you wrote about whales. You’ll need to let him know tomorrow.

Love,

Mom.

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 PART 2

Questions 6-9 refer to the following announcement.

(A) finds
(B) finding
6. A man’s wristwatch (C) has found in the lobby of Luigi’s Pizza
(D) was found

(A) seemed
(B) intended
7. Restaurant on Tuesday, February 16. A restaurant worker
(C) discovered
(D) influenced

(A) a guest was

(B) a guest being
8. the watch after the restaurant had closed that evening. Anyone
(C) he was a guest
(D) who was a guest

at the restaurant that day and is missing a watch should call Luigi’s at 555-1953.

(A) a detailed description is given

(B) to give a detailed description
9. Callers will be asked of the watch.
(C) giving a detailed description
(D) a detailed description gave

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 PART 2

Questions 10-13 refer to the following announcement.

(A) Because a student

(B) Being a student
10. from Barksdale High School won this year’s
(C) It was a student
(D) A student

regional mathematics competition. Ellen Murphy was among ten finalists in

(A) wide
(B) difficult
11. the last round of the competition. The final question was a very
(C) physical
(D) powerful

algebra problem. The first student to answer the question correctly was

(A) the winner.

(B) is the winner.
12. named (C) being the winner. One student finished the problem
(D) will be the winner.

(A) as fast
(B) fastest
13. (C) to be fast Ms. Murphy, but his answer was incorrect. Ms. Murphy
(D) faster than

solved the problem correctly and took the grand prize.

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 PART 2

Questions 14-17 refer to the following part of a short story.

When Dan knocked on the door of the old gray house, he was a little

(A) total.
14. (B) funny. His friends at school had said that the woman who lived in
(C) foreign.
(D) nervous.

(A) finding the cat

(B) the cat he had found
15. the house was unfriendly, but Dan was sure that (C) he had found the cat
(D) the cat had been found

in his yard was hers. He wanted to take it to her.

“Hello,” a woman’s voice responded to his knock. “Who is it?”

(A) as
(B) that
16. “Hi. I’m your neighbor from down the street,” Dan said
(C) which
(D) during

she opened the door a few centimeters. “Is this cat yours?”

“Oh, my goodness,” the woman said with a big smile. She pulled the door

open wide. “Yes, this is Daisy, and I’ve been worried about her! Thank you so

(A) bring
(B) brings
17. much for her back!”
(C) brought
(D) bringing

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 PART 2

Questions 18-25 refer to the following notice.

(A) Begins
(B) Beginning
18. next Tuesday, the science building will be under
(C) Is beginning
(D) To have begun

(A) making
(B) be made
19. construction. Workers will repairs to the outside
(C) be making
(D) been making

of the building for approximately four weeks. While this work is

(A) done,
(B) made,
20. being most classes will continue as usual inside the
(C) taken,
(D) entered,

(A) greatly
(B) temporarily
21. building. However, if any classes need to be moved
(C) successfully
(D) thoughtfully

(A) At
(B) On
22. to other rooms, teachers will inform their students. the
(C) Over
(D) During

construction, the front entrance to the science building will be closed.

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 PART 2

(A) As a result,
23. (B) Even though, all students will have to use the doors on the
(C) All of a sudden,
(D) On the other hand,

(A) keeping out

(B) to keep out
24. north side to enter the building. Also, please remember (C) keeps out
(D) kept out

(A) is having a question

(B) they have questions
25. of the way of all construction equipment. Anyone (C) there is a question
(D) who has questions

about the upcoming construction work should contact the school’s main office.

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Questions 26-33 refer to the following magazine article.

(A) no threat to
(B) no threatening
26. Unlike some other sharks, the basking shark is (C) not to threaten
(D) a threat is not to

(A) as large
(B) is larger
27. humans. Growing to a size (C) many large than that of the average human,
(D) much larger

this giant fish simply ignores divers who swim up to it. The diet of a basking

(A) resists
(B) insists
28. shark of fish and small animals such as squid, shrimp,
(C) consists
(D) persists

(A) what
(B) where
29. and crabs. When it is hungry, it looks for places great numbers
(C) which
(D) whose

(A) a crowd
(B) crowded
30. of these small animals can be found. Once it locates an area (C) has crowded
(D) it is crowded

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with fish, a basking shark simply opens its huge mouth and slowly swims

(A) Water flows

(B) Flowing water
31. through it. into its mouth and continues out through a
(C) To flow water
(D) Water flowing

special filter structure that traps the small fish and other creatures. Although

(A) does require not of eating

(B) does not require of eating
32. this method the shark to move quickly,
(C) of eating does not require
(D) not of eating does require

(A) Enough food is obtained,

(B) To obtain enough food,
33. it still requires a lot of effort. a basking
(C) Enough food obtaining,
(D) It obtains enough food,

shark will filter up to two thousand tons of water per hour.

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Questions 34-42 refer to the following essay.

(A) by
34. People’s behavior during public events has changed (B) for the years,
(C) after
(D) over

(A) considering what

35. perhaps because views on (B) they considered it appropriate have changed.
(C) what is considered
(D) that it is considered

(A) no people to clap

(B) people do not clap
36. During a classical music concert, for example, (C) clapping people do not
(D) people are not clapping

(A) imagines
(B) imagined
37. until the musicians finish playing the composition. It would be hard
(C) to imagine
(D) imagination

the audience clapping in the middle of a performance. It may come as a surprise

(A) what people did.

(B) that people do it.
38. to many, however, that long ago, this is exactly
(C) people had done it.
(D) what did people do.

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(A) cheerful
39. The audience laughed loudly, clapped, and (B) cheered great moments.
(C) cheering
(D) has cheered

(A) why
40. That was (B) how people showed their regard for a performer’s skills. One
(C) what
(D) which

(A) differs
41. reason that people’s behavior was so (B) differed may be that in the past,
(C) to differ
(D) different

classical music concerts were more like today’s pop music shows. Long ago,

(A) more serious since

42. classical music was not thought to be (B) so serious than it is now.
(C) as serious so
(D) as serious as

STOP

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 PART 3

Reading Comprehension Section

Directions
In this section of the test, you will read seven texts and answer 42 questions. Choose the
correct answer to each question and mark the letter of the correct answer on your answer
sheet.

Before you start, read the sample text and the questions below.

Sample Text

The Golden Gate Bridge is a famous bridge in San Francisco. The bridge has a red
color, but gray clouds often surround it. On clear days people come to take pictures
of the bridge. The pictures show the green hills next to the bridge and the blue
water under it.

Sample Question 1

What is this text mostly about?

(A) Gray clouds

(B) San Francisco
(C) A famous bridge
(D) Taking photographs

The correct answer is C, “A famous bridge.”

Sample Question 2

What color is the Golden Gate Bridge?

(A) Red
(B) Green
(C) Blue
(D) Gray

The correct answer is A, “Red.”

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Questions 1-5 are about the following note from a teacher.

Dear Cathy,

Thanks for volunteering to clean up the science laboratory this afternoon.

Usually, when a student does this for the first time, I go to the lab to show him
or her exactly what to do. However, today I have a teacher’s staff meeting
at 3:30, so I can’t be there. Still, I’m sure everything will be fine, since you
have worked in the lab many times. Here is what you should do:

1. Clean all the glass containers that were used in class today.
2. After washing the containers, place them upside down on a towel to dry.
3. Wipe down all the worktables with a wet cloth.
4. Put all the microscopes that have been left out back on the equipment
shelf.
5. Sweep the floor.
6. Put the trash outside the door.
7. Turn off the lights and lock the door when you leave.
If you have any questions, please ask Ms. Edwards in the classroom next door.
You can return the key to me tomorrow when we have class at 10:30.
Thank you so much for your help!
— Mr. Marston

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1. In line 2 of the note, the word this refers 4. What should Cathy do immediately after
to _______. sweeping the floor?
(A) saying thank you (A) Lock the lab door
(B) finishing homework (B) Put away any microscopes
(C) going to the science laboratory (C) Wipe down the worktables
(D) cleaning the science laboratory (D) Take the trash out of the lab

2. Where will Mr. Marston probably be 5. When should Cathy give the key back to
when Cathy cleans the lab? Mr. Marston?
(A) In the lab (A) On her way home
(B) In his office (B) In class the next day
(C) At a meeting (C) Right after she cleans the lab
(D) In the classroom next door (D) Before school begins the next morning

3. Where should Cathy put the glass

containers?
(A) On a towel
(B) Near the door
(C) Next to the sink
(D) On the equipment shelf

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 PART 3

Questions 6-10 refer to the following letter in a school newspaper.

Line This is my first year attending Wilson Middle School. Last year I went to a different
middle school. Over the summer my father got a new job, so our whole family moved.
Now I go to Wilson.
I want to make some comments based on my unique perspective as someone who has
5 attended two different middle schools. For example, I was surprised by all the complaints
that the students at Wilson make about the food in the cafeteria. Either they don’t like it,
or they want more choices. But I like the food. The dishes are pretty tasty. And as for
choices, at the school I went to last year there were never more than two lunch options
each day. Sometimes there was only one!
10 However, I don’t want anyone to think that I have a negative opinion of the Wilson
students. Actually, I have been impressed with how involved the students here are. I plan
to participate in some of the special clubs here that are organized by students, like the
photography club and the hiking club. At my last school, students were not as actively
involved in forming clubs.

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6. Why is the author a student at Wilson 9. Why does the author like the food at
Middle School? Wilson Middle School?
(A) Because his family recently moved (A) It tastes good.
(B) Because his father is a teacher there (B) It is very healthful.
(C) Because it is the best school in the area (C) The servings are large.
(D) Because he just completed primary (D) Students help to make it.
school

10. What does the author imply about the

7. In line 4, the word perspective is closest in students at his previous school compared
meaning to _______. to students at Wilson Middle School?
(A) cause and effect (A) They did better in their studies.
(B) back and forth (B) They planned fewer activities.
(C) out of date (C) They belonged to sports clubs.
(D) point of view (D) They gave him more help.

8. In line 9, the word one refers to _______.

(A) day
(B) school
(C) option
(D) cafeteria

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 PART 3

Questions 11-17 are about the following story.

Line Cricket—how I detested this game when I was young! My family would spend hours and
hours watching it on television while I angrily waited for it to end. Every game seemed the
same. Yes, one team won and the other one lost, but it was always the same game—some
men pitching a ball, some running back and forth.
5 Then something happened. I became old enough to start playing cricket myself with
the other kids in my neighborhood. We found a place to play wherever we could put up a
wicket. We played on the street, in the backyard—even on the tops of buildings, believe it
or not!
I can recall so clearly the sounds of the ball hitting the bat and the quick running feet. I
10 can still feel the sun on my face as I played and the bruises and scratches from falling down.
I can still see the blue sky fading to darkness behind the buildings as our games continued
into the night. It became my favorite thing in the world. Now I watch it not with anger, but
with fond memories of the endless days and nights spent playing the game.

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11. What title best summarizes the main idea 15. The author describes memories of all of
of the passage? the following EXCEPT _______.
(A) Cricket: A Game for All Ages (A) how the sun felt on his skin
(B) How I Learned to Love Cricket (B) how the ball sounded hitting the bat
(C) The Dangers of Playing Cricket (C) how the sky turned from light to dark
(D) Learning the Rules of a Difficult Game (D) how the rules of the game caused
arguments

12. In line 1, the word detested is closest in

meaning to _______. 16. What change does the author describe?
(A) hated (A) He could not remember the rules
of cricket at first, but then he decided
(B) played
it did not matter.
(C) wanted
(B) He was afraid of getting hurt playing
(D) watched cricket at first, but then he stopped
being afraid.

13. What best describes the author’s attitude (C) He did not like cricket at first, but
toward cricket when he was very young? then he began to enjoy it.
(D) He liked playing cricket at first, but
(A) It was boring to watch. then he grew tired of it.
(B) It was difficult to learn.
(C) It was fun to talk about.
17. In line 13, the word fond is closest in
(D) It was dangerous to play. meaning to _______.
(A) old
14. According to the author, what was (B) cruel
surprising about some of the cricket games
he played? (C) happy
(D) interesting
(A) They were played without bats.
(B) They were played on rooftops.
(C) No one cared who won them.
(D) No one got hurt playing them.

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Questions 18-23 are about the following story.

Line Edward rang the Millers’ doorbell. Mr. and Mrs. Miller had moved into the neighborhood
last month. They had a five-year-old son, and they had asked Edward to watch him that
evening while they went out.
“Hello, Edward,” Mrs. Miller said as she opened the door.
5 Mr. Miller stood behind her with a boy at his side. “This is Lucas,” Mr. Miller said.
“Lucas, this is Edward. He will watch you tonight while Mom and I are out.”
The little boy waved shyly to Edward. The Millers asked Edward to entertain Lucas for
an hour and then put him in bed.
After Lucas’s parents left, Edward went with the boy to his room. They played some
10 games and built a tower out of wooden blocks.
“It’s time for you to go to sleep now,” Edward said. Lucas looked disappointed, but he
changed into his pajamas and got into bed.
“Will you read me a story?” he asked Edward.
Edward took a picture book from the shelf and read it to Lucas. When he finished reading
15 the book to Lucas, he turned out the light and said good night. But as soon as Edward left
the room, Lucas called out to him.
“What’s wrong?” Edward asked.
“I’m afraid of the dark,” Lucas explained.
Edward turned on the small light by Lucas’s bed. “Good night,” Edward said again.
20 Five minutes later, Lucas cried out again.
“What’s wrong now?” Edward asked.
“I thought I heard a sound,” Lucas said. “I think there might be a monster under my bed.”
Edward explained that there was no monster under the bed, but Lucas was still afraid.
Finally, Edward went to the kitchen and found a flashlight. He shined the flashlight under
25 Lucas’s bed. “See?” he said. “No monster.”
“Will you stay with me in case one comes?” Lucas begged.
Edward could see that the little boy was frightened. He agreed to sit in the chair by
Lucas’s bed, with the flashlight in his hand.
Edward sat in the chair, waiting for Lucas to fall asleep. The dim light in the room and
30 the soft chair made Edward feel tired, too. He closed his eyes.
The next thing he knew someone was shaking him gently. Edward opened his eyes and
saw Mr. and Mrs. Miller.
“We’re home,” Mrs. Miller whispered. “Thank you for taking care of Lucas. We had
a wonderful evening.”
35 Edward shook himself in amazement. Was the evening over already?

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18. Why did Edward go to the Millers’ house? 22. How did Lucas probably feel about going to
bed?
(A) To borrow a flashlight
(A) Disappointed and afraid
(B) To take care of Lucas
(B) Angry and nervous
(C) To welcome the Millers to the
neighborhood (C) Relieved and tired
(D) To help the Millers move into (D) Sad and confused
their house

23. Why did Lucas keep calling out to Edward?

19. In line 7, the word entertain is closest in
meaning to _______. (A) He saw something under the bed.
(B) He did not want to be left alone.
(A) look for
(C) He could not reach the book on
(B) cook for the shelf.
(C) play with (D) He forgot where the wooden
(D) argue with blocks were.

20. What did Edward and Lucas do before

Lucas went to bed?
(A) They built a tower of blocks.
(B) They looked for a flashlight.
(C) They put books on a shelf.
(D) They drew pictures.

21. In line 26, the word one refers to

a _______.
(A) shelf
(B) chair
(C) monster
(D) flashlight

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 PART 3

Questions 24-31 are about the following newspaper article.

Line Marina Hills High School is fighting “There was no argument from the
pollution in an unusual way. It’s planting 25 teachers,” he added. “When I proposed
trees! the idea, everyone said, ‘Now why didn’t
In an effort to fight pollution and help I think of that!’”
5 the environment, the Marina Hills Ecology The relief won’t come until the trees
Club offers free trees to institutions willing grow taller, but the school will not have to
to plant them on their grounds. Among 30 wait long because it requested two species
those that took advantage of the offer was of trees that grow quickly.
Marina Hills High School. After consulting “Time is key, and we wanted our trees
10 with his teachers on where to plant the to get big fast,” said Webb. “We were
trees, Principal Max Webb contacted the given a wide choice, from shrubs to fruit
Ecology Club. 35 trees. We requested eucalyptus and willow
But when the seedlings arrived, Webb trees.”
had an idea. Instead of planting the young Webb said he is also looking forward to
15 trees in front of the school, he thought it finally seeing some wildlife in the school
would be better to put them behind the yard at Marina Hills High School.
school, where the sun gets very hot in the 40 “If all you have is a grass lawn with no
afternoon. trees, you can’t expect the local birds to
“It gets so hot inside the building that come and visit,” said Webb. “They have
20 the students start to sweat during their no place to make their nests. Now that will
afternoon classes,” said Webb. “Now the change, and we’ll be able to see birds from
shade from our trees will bring them some 45 our classroom windows.”
relief.”

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24. What would be the most appropriate 28. What decision was changed?
headline for this article?
(A) Which trees should be dug up
(A) Local School Gets Greener (B) When the old trees should be cut down
(B) Student Wins Science Award (C) Where the new trees should be planted
(C) Principal Discovers New Tree (D) Which type of tree should be chosen
(D) Teacher Leads Ecological Club

29. In line 22, the word them refers to _______.

25. What problem does Principal Webb talk
about? (A) trees
(B) classes
(A) Pollution in the city
(C) students
(B) Classrooms that are too hot
(D) teachers
(C) Tall trees that block the view
(D) Wild animals that destroy trees
30. What can be inferred from the article
about eucalyptus and willow trees?
26. What did the Ecology Club do for Marina
Hills High School? (A) They grow quickly.
(B) They become extremely tall.
(A) It helped design the school yard.
(C) They are less expensive than fruit trees.
(B) It put flowers in the classrooms.
(D) They do not grow flowers in the
(C) It sold seeds to the school. springtime.
(D) It provided free trees.

31. What does Principal Webb imply about

27. In line 13, the word seedlings is closest in the local birds?
meaning to _______.
(A) They make their nests on the ground.
(A) bird nests (B) They are not often seen at the school.
(B) young trees (C) There are fewer of them due to the
(C) packages of seeds pollution problem.
(D) members of a club (D) They fly into the classrooms when the
windows are open.

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Questions 32-42 are about the following passage.

Line Being able to land safely is a critically important skill for all flying animals. Whereas
terrestrial animals face no particular challenge when they need to stop running or crawling,
flying animals move at much higher speeds, and they must be careful about how they land.
Hitting the ground, or even water, at full flight speed would be quite dangerous. Before
5 touching down, they must decrease their speed in order to land safely. Both bats and birds
have mastered the skill of landing, but these two types of flyers go about it quite differently.
In the past it was believed that, in terms of flying mechanics, there was little difference
between bats and birds. This belief was based only on assumption, however, because for
years nobody had actually studied in graphic detail how bats move their wings. In recent
10 years, though, researchers have discovered a number of interesting facts about bat flight.
Bats are built differently from birds, and their wings incorporate both their front and
hind limbs. This makes coordinating their limbs more difficult for bats and, as a result,
they are not very good at flying over longer distances. However, they are much better at
maneuverability: a bat can quickly change its direction of flight or completely reverse it,
15 something a bird cannot easily do.
Another interesting characteristic of bat flight is the way in which bats land—upside
down! Unlike birds, which touch down on the ground or on tree branches, bats can be
observed flying around and then suddenly hanging upside down from an object overhead.
How do they do it? A group of researchers recently used video cameras to film bats landing
20 on nets suspended from the ceiling of their laboratory and studied the recordings in slow
motion. They painted spots on the bats’ wings to see in detail what happens to the wings
in flight and during touchdown. It turns out that the bats flew in a straight line up to the net
and then quickly flipped over and attached themselves to it upside down. One downside
to this landing routine is that the bats often slam into their landing spot with some force,
25 which probably causes pain. However, not all bats hit their landing spots with the same
speed and force; these will vary depending on the area where a bat species makes its home.
For example, a cave bat, which regularly perches on a hard stone ceiling, is more careful
about its landing preparation than a bat more accustomed to landing in leafy treetops.

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32. What is the main topic of the passage? 36. According to the passage, what is an
advantage that bats have over birds?
(A) Places where flying animals choose
to land (A) Bats can land on a greater variety of
surfaces.
(B) Why scientists have difficulty
observing bats (B) Bats can turn in the air more quickly.
(C) Differences in the eating habits of (C) Bats can eat while flying.
bats and birds (D) Bats are lighter.
(D) Ways in which bats move differently from
birds
37. In line 11, the word incorporate is closest in
meaning to _______.
33. In line 2, the word terrestrial is closest
in meaning to _______. (A) add
(B) deliver
(A) high-flying
(C) include
(B) fast-moving
(D) discover
(C) tree-climbing
(D) ground-living
38. In line 14, the word it refers to _______.

34. According to the passage, what skill (A) bat

is crucial for flying animals? (B) bird
(A) Diving underwater (C) direction
(B) Slowing down to land (D) maneuverability
(C) Flying over great distances
(D) Balancing on high branches 39. The researchers used all of the following to
study bats EXCEPT _______.

35. Which of the following is a false assumption (A) nets

about bats that was recently corrected? (B) paint
(A) They cannot hear. (C) cables
(B) They sleep upside down. (D) cameras
(C) They fly similarly to birds.
(D) They hide in tree branches.

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 PART 3

40. In line 20, the word suspended is closest in 42. According to the passage, what helps
meaning to _______. determine a bat’s landing speed?
(A) hanging (A) What it eats
(B) entering (B) How old it is
(C) falling (C) How big it is
(D) living (D) Where it lives

41. In line 24, the word slam is closest

in meaning to _______.
(A) crash
(B) bring
(C) break
(D) change

STOP

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