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Transformations of Stress

This document discusses transformations of stress and Mohr's circle. It explains how to determine the stress components after rotating a coordinate system through an angle, and how to use Mohr's circle to find maximum and minimum stresses and orientations of principal planes for a given state of stress. Two examples are provided to demonstrate using the equations and Mohr's circle to analyze transformed and original stress states.

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18 views6 pages

Transformations of Stress

This document discusses transformations of stress and Mohr's circle. It explains how to determine the stress components after rotating a coordinate system through an angle, and how to use Mohr's circle to find maximum and minimum stresses and orientations of principal planes for a given state of stress. Two examples are provided to demonstrate using the equations and Mohr's circle to analyze transformed and original stress states.

Uploaded by

shafaymalik01
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Strenght of Materials 1

Transformations of Stress & Mohr’s circle

We saw in Sec. Stres that the most general state of stress at a given point Q may be represented by
six components. Three of these components, σx, σy, and σz, define the normal stresses exerted on
the faces of a small cubic element centered at Q and of the same orientation as the coordinate axes
(Fig. a), and the other three, τxy, τyz, and τzx, the components of the shearing stresses on the same
element. As we remarked at the time, the same state of stress will be represented by a different set
of components if the coordinate axes are rotated (Fig. b). We proposed in the stress chapter to
determine how the components of stress are transformed under a rotation of the coordinate axes.
an alternative method for the solution of problems involving the transformation of plane stress,
based on the use of Mohr’s circle, will be presented.

Transformation of Plane Stress Mohr’s circle

We propose to determine the stress components σx, σy, and τxy associated with the element after it
has been rotated through an angle 𝞱 about the z axis. and to express these components in terms of
σx, σy, τxy, and 𝞱.

σx+ σy σx−σy −σx−σy


σ= + cos 2 θ+τxysin 2θ τ= sin 2θ+ τxycos 2 θ
2 2 2

 The expression for the normal stress σy is obtained by replacing 𝞱 in Eq. (σ) by the angle 𝞱+ 90
that the y’ axis forms with the x axis. Since cos (2𝞱+ 900) = -cos 2𝞱 and sin (2𝞱+ 1800) = -sin2𝞱
( example 10 11 12 13 )
Strenght of Materials 1

σx+ σy
σmax , min= ± √¿ ¿
2

2 τxy
tan2 θ=
σx−σy

τmax , min=± √ ¿ ¿

The equations obtained in the preceding section


are the parametric equations of a circle. To
establish this property we eliminate 𝞱 from this
equations. the equation of a circle of radius R
centered at the point C of abscissa save and ordinate 0 (Fig.
1). It can be observed that, due to the symmetry of the circle
about the horizontal axis, the same result would have been obtained if, instead of plotting M, we had
plotted a point N of abscissa σx’ and ordinate –tx’y’( fig.2)

The two points A and B where the circle of Fig. 1


intersects the horizontal axis are of special interest:
Point A corresponds to the maximum value of the
normal stress σx’, while point B corresponds to its
minimum value. Besides, both points correspond to a
zero value of the shearing stress tx9y9. Thus, the
values up of the parameter u which correspond to
points A and B can be obtained by setting txy=0 in We
write;
Fig 1
2 τxy
tan2 θ=
σx−σy
This equation defines two values 2𝞱 that are 1800 apart, and thus two values up that are 90 8 apart.
Either of these values can be used to determine the
orientation of the corresponding element.

Şekil 1

Fig 2

we note that the points D and E located on the vertical diameter of the circle correspond to the
largest numerical value of the shearing stress τxy.
Strenght of Materials 1

Example 1:

For the state of plane stress shown in Fig, determine (a) the principal
planes, (b) the principal stresses, (c) the maximum shearing stress
and the corresponding normal stress.

σx=50 MPa σy=-10 MPa τxy=40 MPa

Formül Metodu

σx+ σy
σmax , min= ± √¿ ¿
2

50−10
σmax , min= ± √¿¿
2

40
σmax , min= ± √¿ ¿
2

σmax=20+50=70 MPa

σmin=20−50=−30 MPa

σx +σy
σort=
2

70−30
σort= =20 MPa
2

2 τxy
tan2 θ=
σx−σy

2∗40 80
tan2 θ= = =1.33
50−(−10) 60

2 θ=53.1 ° => θ=26.6 °

180+2 θ=180+53.1° =233.1° => θ=116.6 °

τmax =√ ¿ ¿

τmax =√ ¿ ¿

τmax =√ ¿ ¿

Mohr Çemberi Metodu


Strenght of Materials 1

τxy=40 MPa

σave=20 MPa

σmax=|OC|+|CA|=20+50=70 MPa

σmin=|OB|=|OC|−|BC|=20−50=−30 MPa

FX 40
tan2 θ= = =1.33=53.1°
CF 30

θ=26.6 °

180+2 θ=180+53.1° =233.1°

=> θ=116.6 °

τmax =50 MPa

Since σmax and σmin have opposite signs, the value


obtained for tmax actually represents the maximum value
of the shearing stress at the point considered. The
orientation of the planes of maximum shearing stress and
the sense of the shearing stresses are best determined by
passing a section along the diagonal plane AC of the
element of Fig. Since the faces AB and BC of the element are contained in the principal planes, the
diagonal plane AC must be one of the planes of maximum shearing stress (Fig). Furthermore, the
equilibrium conditions for the prismatic element ABC require that the shearing stress exerted on AC
be directed as shown.
Strenght of Materials 1

Example 2:

For the state of plane stress shown, determine (a) the principal planes and the principal stresses, (b)
the stress components exerted on the element obtained by rotating the given element
counterclockwise through 300

σx=100 MPa σy=60 MPa τxy= - 48 MPa

σx +σy 100+60
σort= = =80 MPa
2 2

R=√ ¿ ¿

R=√ ¿ ¿

R = 52 MPa

Τxy= 52 MPa

Tan2𝞱 = XF / CF = 48 / (20) = 67.4 0 𝞱=33.7°

σmin= OC- BC = 80 -52 =28 MPa

σmax= OB+BA = 28+104 =132 MPa


Strenght of Materials 1

rotating the given element counterclockwise through 300

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