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Analysis Report

The document discusses different types of signal classifications including continuous vs discrete time signals, deterministic vs random signals, periodic vs aperiodic signals, analog vs digital signals, and their applications in areas like telecommunications, audio/video processing, image processing, speech recognition, control systems, biomedical engineering, and financial engineering. MATLAB examples of different signal types are also provided.

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Haryad Hewa
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13 views11 pages

Analysis Report

The document discusses different types of signal classifications including continuous vs discrete time signals, deterministic vs random signals, periodic vs aperiodic signals, analog vs digital signals, and their applications in areas like telecommunications, audio/video processing, image processing, speech recognition, control systems, biomedical engineering, and financial engineering. MATLAB examples of different signal types are also provided.

Uploaded by

Haryad Hewa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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sulaimani poltechnic universit

collage of engineering
communication engineering

Classification of Signals
A Study and Analysis

prepared by:
diya nihad
novin omed
dilan mustafa
diyar jaza

third stage
T. Aveen hassan
introduction
Signals: The Unsung Heroes of Information Delivery

Imagine an orchestra performing a symphony. Each instrument


produces a unique signala wave of sound carrying its own melody. In
the real world, signals play a similar role, conveying information across
various domains. From the electrical pulses pulsing within our brains to
the radio waves carrying your favorite music, signals are the silent
messengers connecting us to the world around us.

Defining the Signal Realm:


In essence, a signal is any measurable quantity that carries information
over time or space. This information can be:

* Analog, continuously varying like the rising and falling tide.


* Digital, represented by discrete values like the dots and dashes of
Morse code.
* Deterministic, with predictable patterns like the tick of a clock.
* Random, fluctuating unpredictably like the crackling of a fire.

These characteristics, along with the signal's origin and purpose, form
the basis for its classification.
Exploring the Classification Landscape:
Just like sorting spices in a kitchen, we categorize signals in various
ways:
* By nature: Are they periodic, repeating endlessly like a heartbeat, or
aperiodic, vanishing like a shooting star?
* By source: Do they arise from the natural world like seismic tremors or
are they engineered like radio waves?
* By information content: Do they represent simple tones or complex
images?
This intricate landscape of signal classification unlocks the true
potential of these information . 1
Different Types of Signals: The signals are classified into several types
depending on the criteria used for their classification. This classification
aims to exploit the basic properties of the signals to our advantage in
the analysis of signals and systems
1-Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time Signals

2-Even and Odd signals


3-Periodic and Aperiodic Signals

4 -Energy and Power signals

2
5-Deterministic Signals and Random signals

6- Causal and Non-causal Signala


7- Analog and Digital Signals

3
signal classifications:

1. Continuous-time vs. Discrete-time Signals:

* Continuous-time signals: Defined for every instant of time within a specified


interval. Their amplitude can take on an infinite number of values within a given
range. Examples: Sound waves, analog voltage signals, temperature readings
over time.

* Discrete-time signals: Defined only at specific instants of time, usually equally


spaced. Their amplitude is also discrete, meaning it can only take on certain
specific values. Examples: Digital audio samples, stock prices at the end of each
trading day, sensor readings at regular intervals.

2. Deterministic vs. Random Signals:

* Deterministic signals: Their future values can be precisely predicted based on


their past behavior or a mathematical formula. Examples: Sine wave, square
wave, periodic signals.

* Random signals: Their future values cannot be predicted with certainty. They
are characterized by statistical properties such as mean, variance, and
probability distributions. Examples: Noise signals, speech signals, stock market
fluctuations.

3. Periodic vs. Aperiodic Signals:

* Periodic signals: Repeat themselves exactly after a fixed interval of time called
the period. Examples: Sine wave, square wave, clock signals.

* Aperiodic signals: Do not have a repeating pattern. Examples: Exponential


decay, human speech, noise signals.

4
4. Analog vs. Digital Signals:

* Analog signals: Represent physical quantities with continuous variations in


amplitude over time. Examples: Sound waves, voltage signals from sensors,
analog radio signals.

* Digital signals: Represent information using discrete values (usually binary


digits 0 and 1). Examples: Digital audio, digital images, computer data.

5-Energy vs. Power Signals:

•Energy signals have finite energy but zero average power, while power signals
have finite average power but infinite energy.

6-Even vs. Odd Signals:


Even signals have symmetry around the time axis, while odd signals have anti-
symmetry.

7-Real vs. Imaginary Signals:


Real signals have only real-valued components, while imaginary signals have
only imaginary-valued components.

5
Applications
Signal processing techniques are used in a wide range of applications,
including:
Telecommunications: Signal processing techniques are used in
telecommunications to transmit, receive, and process signals over
communication channels. This includes tasks such as modulation,
demodulation, error correction, and signal amplification.

Audio and video processing: Signal processing techniques are used to


enhance the quality and clarity of audio and video signals, as well as to
extract features such as speech, music, and moving objects.

Image processing: Signal processing techniques are used to improve the


quality and resolution of images, as well as to extract features such as
edges, shapes, and textures.

Speech recognition: Signal processing techniques are used to analyze


and interpret speech signals, enabling the development of systems that
can transcribe speech or recognize spoken commands.

Control systems: Signal processing techniques are used in control


systems to stabilize and optimize the performance of systems by
processing feedback signals from sensors and actuators.

Biomedical engineering: Signal processing techniques are used in


biomedical engineering to analyze and interpret signals from medical
devices such as electrocardiograms (ECGs) and magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) scanners.

Financial engineering: Signal processing techniques are used in financial


engineering to analyze and interpret financial data and to develop 6

predictive models for financial markets.


MATLAB EXAMPLES
Continuous signal

7
Discrete signal

8
Even signal

9
Odd signal

10

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