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    TX Media - Part5

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    y.y.kersh
    The document discusses different types of transmission media including guided media like twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical fiber. It describes their characteristics, advantages, disadvantages and applications for data transmission.

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    TX Media - Part5

    Uploaded by

    y.y.kersh
    6 views16 pages
    The document discusses different types of transmission media including guided media like twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical fiber. It describes their characteristics, advantages, disadvantages and applications for data transmission.

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    TX Media_part5

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    The document discusses different types of transmission media including guided media like twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical fiber. It describes their characteristics, advantages, disadvantages and applications for data transmission.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    6 views16 pages

    TX Media - Part5

    Uploaded by

    y.y.kersh
    The document discusses different types of transmission media including guided media like twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical fiber. It describes their characteristics, advantages, disadvantages and applications for data transmission.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 16

    Transmission Media I

    (Guided Media)
    Dr. Rowayda A. Sadek
    Information Technology Department
    [email protected]

    1
    Transmission Media
    • Guided:
    • provide a physical path along which the signals are propagated
    • wire / twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical fiber
    • Unguided:
    • employ an antenna for transmitting through air, vacuum, or
    water.
    • wireless

    2
    Transmission Media
    • characteristics and quality of data TX determined by
    c/cs of medium and c/cs of signal
    • in guided media - medium is more important in determining
    the limitation of the TX
    • in unguided media - bandwidth produced by the TX antenna
    is more important in determining TX limitation
    • Signal TX by antenna is characterized by directionality
    property.
    • LFs are Omnidirectional; signal propagates in all directions
    from the antenna
    • HFs; possible to focus the signal into a directional beam
    • Design of Data TX system: key concerns are data rate
    and distance
    3
    Transmission Media
    • A number of design factors relating to TX medium
    and the signal determine the data rate and distance:
    1. Bandwidth: All other factors remaining constant, the
    greater the BW of a signal, the higher the data rate
    that can be achieved.
    2. Transmission impairments. Limit the distance a
    signal can travel.
    3. Interference: Competing signals in overlapping
    frequency bands can distort or wipe out a signal.
    Guided vs. unguided
    4. Number of receivers: Each attachment introduces
    some attenuation and distortion, limiting distance
    and/or data rate.
    4
    Electromagnetic Spectrum

    5
    Transmission Characteristics of
    Guided Media
    Frequency Typical Typical Repeater
    Range Attenuation Delay Spacing
    Twisted pair 0 to 3.5 kHz 0.2 dB/km @ 50 µs/km 2 km
    (with loading) 1 kHz

    Twisted pairs 0 to 1 MHz 0.7 dB/km @ 5 µs/km 2 km


    (multi-pair 1 kHz
    cables)
    Coaxial cable 0 to 500 MHz 7 dB/km @ 10 4 µs/km 1 to 9 km
    MHz
    Optical fiber 186 to 370 0.2 to 0.5 5 µs/km 40 km
    THz dB/km

    6
    Twisted Pair Wires
    • Consists of two insulated copper wires arranged in a
    regular spiral pattern to minimize the electromagnetic
    interference between adjacent pairs that have different
    twist lengths
    • Often used for both analog and digital signals
    • Low frequency transmission medium
    • less expensive / easier to work with

    7
    Twisted Pair Advantages
    • Inexpensive and readily available
    • Flexible and light weight
    • Easy to work with and install

    Twisted Pair Disadvantages


    • Susceptibility to interference and noise
    • Attenuation problem
    – For analog, repeaters needed every 5-6km
    – For digital, repeaters needed every 2-3km
    • Relatively low bandwidth 8
    Coaxial Cable (or Coax)
    • Used for cable television, LANs, telephony
    • Has inner conductor surrounded by a braided mesh
    • Both conductors share a common center axial, hence
    the term “co-axial”

    9
    Coax Advantages
    • Higher bandwidth
    • 400 to 600Mhz
    • up to 10,800 voice conversations
    • Can be tapped easily (pros and cons)
    • Much less susceptible to interference than twisted
    pair

    Coax Disadvantages
    • High attenuation rate makes it expensive over
    long distance
    • Bulky
    10
    Fiber Optic Cable
    • Relatively new transmission medium used by
    telephone companies in place of long-distance trunk
    lines
    • Also used by private companies in implementing
    local data communications networks
    • Require a light source with injection laser diode (ILD)
    or light-emitting diodes (LED)
    • consists of three concentric sections
    plastic jacket glass or plastic fiber core
    cladding

    11
    Optical Fiber - Benefits
    • greater capacity • electromagnetic isolation
    • data rates of hundreds of
    Gbps • greater repeater spacing
    • smaller size & weight – 10s of km at least
    • lower attenuation

    12
    Fiber Optic Signals
    multimode step-index fiber: the reflective walls of the
    fiber move the light pulses to the receiver
    fiber optic multimode
    step-index
    multimode graded-index fiber: acts to refract the light
    toward the center of the fiber by variations in the density
    fiber optic multimode
    graded-index
    single mode fiber: the light is guided down the center of an
    extremely narrow core

    fiber optic single mode


    13
    Optical Fiber Transmission Modes

    14
    Fiber Optic Advantages
    • greater capacity (data rates of hundreds of Gbps)
    • smaller size & weight
    • lower attenuation
    • electromagnetic isolation
    • greater repeater spacing
    • 10s of km at least

    Fiber Optic Disadvantages


    • expensive over short distance
    • requires highly skilled installers
    • adding additional nodes is difficult
    15
    Attenuation in Guided Media

    16

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