PHYSICS (Code No.

042)
COURSE STRUCTURE
Class XI – 2023-24 (Theory)
Time: 3 hrs. Max Marks: 70

No. of Marks
Periods
Unit–I Physical World and Measurement
08
Chapter–2: Units and Measurements
Unit-II Kinematics
24
Chapter–3: Motion in a Straight Line 23
Chapter–4: Motion in a Plane
Unit–III Laws of Motion
14
Chapter–5: Laws of Motion
Unit–IV Work, Energy and Power
14
Chapter–6: Work, Energy and Power
Unit–V Motion of System of Particles and Rigid
Body 18 17
Chapter–7: System of Particles and
Rotational Motion
Unit-VI Gravitation
12
Chapter–8: Gravitation
Unit–VII Properties of Bulk Matter
Chapter–9: Mechanical Properties of Solids
24
Chapter–10: Mechanical Properties of Fluids
Chapter–11: Thermal Properties of Matter
20
Unit–VIII Thermodynamics
12
Chapter–12: Thermodynamics
Behaviour of Perfect Gases and Kinetic
Unit–IX Theory of Gases 08
Chapter–13: Kinetic Theory
Unit–X Oscillations and Waves
26 10
Chapter–14: Oscillations
Chapter–15: Waves
Total 160 70
Unit I: Physical World and Measurement 08 Periods

Chapter–2: Units and Measurements

Need for measurement: Units of measurement; systems of units; SI units,

fundamental and derived units. significant figures. Dimensions of physical
quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications.

Unit II: Kinematics 24 Periods

Chapter–3: Motion in a Straight Line

Frame of reference, Motion in a straight line, Elementary concepts of

differentiation and integration for describing motion, uniform and non-
uniform motion, and instantaneous velocity, uniformly accelerated motion,
velocity - time and position-time graphs. Relations for uniformly accelerated
motion (graphical treatment).

Chapter–4: Motion in a Plane

Scalar and vector quantities; position and displacement vectors, general

vectors and their notations; equality of vectors, multiplication of vectors by a
real number; addition and subtraction of vectors, Unit vector; resolution of a
vector in a plane, rectangular components, Scalar and Vector product of
vectors.

Motion in a plane, cases of uniform velocity and uniform acceleration-

projectile motion, uniform circular motion.

Unit III: Laws of Motion 14 Periods

Chapter–5: Laws of Motion

Intuitive concept of force, Inertia, Newton's first law of motion; momentum

and Newton's second law of motion; impulse; Newton's third law of motion.

Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications.

 Equilibrium of concurrent forces, Static and kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling
friction, lubrication.

Dynamics of uniform circular motion: Centripetal force, examples of circular

motion (vehicle on a level circular road, vehicle on a banked road).

Unit IV: Work, Energy and Power 14 Periods

Chapter–6: Work, Energy and Power

Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic energy, work-
energy theorem, power.

Notion of potential energy, potential energy of a spring, conservative forces:

non-conservative forces, motion in a vertical circle; elastic and inelastic
collisions in one and two dimensions.

Unit V: Motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body 18 Periods

Chapter–7: System of Particles and Rotational Motion

Centre of mass of a two-particle system, momentum conservation and

Centre of mass motion. Centre of mass of a rigid body; centre of mass of a
uniform rod.
Moment of a force, torque, angular momentum, law of conservation
of angular momentum and its applications.

Equilibrium of rigid bodies, rigid body rotation and equations of rotational

motion, comparison of linear and rotational motions.

Moment of inertia, radius of gyration, values of moments of inertia for simple

geometrical objects (no derivation).

Unit VI: Gravitation 12 Periods

Chapter–8: Gravitation

Kepler's laws of planetary motion, universal law of gravitation.

Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth.

Gravitational potential energy and gravitational potential, escape speed,

 orbital velocity of a satellite.

Unit VII: Properties of Bulk Matter 24 Periods

Chapter–9: Mechanical Properties of Solids

Elasticity, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke's law, Young’s modulus, bulk

modulus, shear modulus of rigidity (qualitative idea only), Poisson's
ratio; elastic energy.

Chapter–10: Mechanical Properties of Fluids

Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal's law and its applications (hydraulic
lift and hydraulic brakes), effect of gravity on fluid pressure.

Viscosity, Stokes' law, terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow, critical
velocity, Bernoulli's theorem and its simple applications.

Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, excess of pressure

across a curved surface, application of surface tension ideas to drops,
bubbles and capillary rise.

Chapter–11: Thermal Properties of Matter

Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; thermal expansion of solids, liquids

and gases, anomalous expansion of water; specific heat capacity; Cp, Cv -
calorimetry; change of state - latent heat capacity.

Heat transfer-conduction, convection and radiation, thermal conductivity,

qualitative ideas of Blackbody radiation, Wein's displacement Law, Stefan's
law .

Unit VIII: Thermodynamics 12 Periods

Chapter–12: Thermodynamics

Thermal equilibrium and definition of temperature, zeroth law of

thermodynamics, heat, work and internal energy. First law of
thermodynamics,
Second law of thermodynamics: gaseous state of matter, change of condition
 of gaseous state -isothermal, adiabatic, reversible, irreversible, and cyclic
processes.

Unit IX:Behavior of Perfect Gases and Kinetic Theory of Gases 08 Periods

Chapter–13: Kinetic Theory

Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done in compressing a gas.

Kinetic theory of gases - assumptions, concept of pressure. Kinetic

interpretation of temperature; rms speed of gas molecules; degrees of
freedom, law of equi-partition of energy (statement only) and application to
specific heat capacities of gases; concept of mean free path, Avogadro's
number.

Unit X: Oscillations and Waves 26 Periods

Chapter–14: Oscillations
Periodic motion - time period, frequency, displacement as a function of time,
periodic functions and their applications.

Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M) and its equations of motion; phase; oscillations
of a loaded spring- restoring force and force constant; energy in S.H.M.
Kinetic and potential energies; simple pendulum derivation of expression for its
time period.

Chapter–15: Waves

Wave motion: Transverse and longitudinal waves, speed of travelling wave,

displacement relation for a progressive wave, principle of superposition of
waves, reflection of waves, standing waves in strings and organ pipes,
fundamental mode and harmonics, Beats.
 PRACTICALS

Total Periods: 60

The record, to be submitted by the students, at the time of their annual examination,
has to include:

• Record of at least 8 Experiments [with 4 from each section], to be performed

by the students.

• Record of at least 6 Activities [with 3 each from section A and section B], to
be performed by the students.

• Report of the project carried out by the students.

EVALUATION SCHEME

Time 3 hours Max. Marks: 30

Topic Marks

Two experiments one from each section 7+7

Practical record (experiment and activities) 5

One activity from any section 3
Investigatory Project 3
Viva on experiments, activities and project 5
Total 30

SECTION–A
Experiments

1. To measure diameter of a small spherical/cylindrical body and to measure internal

diameter and depth of a given beaker/calorimeter using Vernier Callipers and
hence find its volume.

2. To measure diameter of a given wire and thickness of a given sheet using screw
gauge.
3. To determine volume of an irregular lamina using screw gauge.

4. To determine radius of curvature of a given spherical surface by a spherometer.

5. To determine the mass of two different objects using a beam balance.

6. To find the weight of a given body using parallelogram law of vectors.

2
7. Using a simple pendulum, plot its L-T graph and use it to find the effective length

of second's pendulum.

8. To study variation of time period of a simple pendulum of a given length by taking

bobs of same size but different masses and interpret the result.

9. To study the relationship between force of limiting friction and normal reaction and
to find the co- efficient of friction between a block and a horizontal surface.

10. To find the downward force, along an inclined plane, acting on a roller due to
gravitational pull of the earth and study its relationship with the angle of inclination
θ by plotting graph between force and Sinθ.

Activities

1. To make a paper scale of given least count, e.g., 0.2cm, 0.5 cm.

2. To determine mass of a given body using a metre scale by principle of moments.

3. To plot a graph for a given set of data, with proper choice of scales and error bars.

4. To measure the force of limiting friction for rolling of a roller on a horizontal plane.

5. To study the variation in range of a projectile with angle of projection.

6. To study the conservation of energy of a ball rolling down on an inclined plane

(using a double inclined plane).

7. To study dissipation of energy of a simple pendulum by plotting a graph between

square of amplitude and time.
 SECTION–B
Experiments
1. To determine Young's modulus of elasticity of the material of a given wire.

2. To find the force constant of a helical spring by plotting a graph between load and
extension.

3. To study the variation in volume with pressure for a sample of air at constant
temperature by plotting graphs between P and V, and between P and 1/V.

4. To determine the surface tension of water by capillary rise method.

5. To determine the coefficient of viscosity of a given viscous liquid by measuring

terminal velocity of a given spherical body.

6. To study the relationship between the temperature of a hot body and time by
plotting a cooling curve.

7. To determine specific heat capacity of a given solid by method of mixtures.

8. To study the relation between frequency and length of a given wire under constant
tension using sonometer.

9. To study the relation between the length of a given wire and tension for constant
frequency using sonometer.

10. To find the speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube by
two resonance positions.

Activities

1. To observe change of state and plot a cooling curve for molten wax.
2. To observe and explain the effect of heating on a bi-metallic strip.
3. To note the change in level of liquid in a container on heating and interpret the
observations.
4. To study the effect of detergent on surface tension of water by observing capillary
rise.
5. To study the factors affecting the rate of loss of heat of a liquid.
6. To study the effect of load on depression of a suitably clamped metre scale loaded
at (i) its end (ii) in the middle.

7. To observe the decrease in pressure with increase in velocity of a fluid.

 CLASS XII (2023-24)
PHYSICS (THEORY)

Time: 3 hrs. Max Marks: 70

No. of Marks
Periods
Unit–I Electrostatics
Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields
26
Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and 16
Capacitance
Unit-II Current Electricity
18
Chapter–3: Current Electricity
Unit-III Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism
25
Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism
Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter 17
Unit-IV Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating
Currents 24
Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction
Chapter–7: Alternating Current
Unit–V Electromagnetic Waves
04
Chapter–8: Electromagnetic Waves
Unit–VI Optics 18
30
Chapter–9: Ray Optics and Optical
Instruments
Chapter–10: Wave Optics
Unit–VII Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Chapter–11: Dual Nature of Radiation and 8
Matter 12
Unit–VIII Atoms and Nuclei
15
Chapter–12: Atoms
Chapter–13: Nuclei
Unit–IX Electronic Devices
Chapter–14: Semiconductor 10
Electronics: Materials, Devices and 7
Simple Circuits
Total 160 70
Unit I: Electrostatics 26 Periods

Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields

Electric charges, Conservation of charge, Coulomb's law-force between

two- point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle
and continuous charge distribution.

Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric
dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in uniform electric
field.

Electric flux, statement of Gauss's theorem and its applications to find field
due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet
and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside).

Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point

charge, a dipole and system of charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical
potential energy of a system of two-point charges and of electric dipole in
an electrostatic field.

Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a

conductor. Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitors and capacitance,
combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel
plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates,
energy stored in a capacitor (no derivation, formulae only).

Unit II: Current Electricity 18 Periods

Chapter–3: Current Electricity

Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift

velocity, mobility and their relation with electric current; Ohm's law, V-I
characteristics (linear and non-linear), electrical energy and power,
electrical resistivity and conductivity, temperature dependence of
resistance, Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a
cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel, Kirchhoff's rules,
Wheatstone bridge.
Unit III: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism 25 Periods

Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism

Concept of magnetic field, Oersted's experiment.

Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop.

Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire. Straight
solenoid (only qualitative treatment), force on a moving charge in uniform
magnetic and electric fields.

Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, force

between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere,
torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field; Current loop
as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment, moving coil
galvanometer- its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and
voltmeter.

Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter

Bar magnet, bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid (qualitative treatment

only), magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along
its axis and perpendicular to its axis (qualitative treatment only), torque on a
magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field (qualitative
treatment only), magnetic field lines.

Magnetic properties of materials- Para-, dia- and ferro -

magnetic substances with examples, Magnetization of materials,
effect of temperature on magnetic properties.

Unit IV: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents 24 Periods

Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's laws, induced EMF and current;

Lenz's Law, Self and mutual induction.
 Chapter–7: Alternating Current

Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage;

reactance and impedance; LCR series circuit (phasors only), resonance,
power in AC circuits, power factor, wattless current.
AC generator, Transformer.

Unit V: Electromagnetic waves 04 Periods

Chapter–8: Electromagnetic Waves

Basic idea of displacement current, Electromagnetic waves, their

characteristics, their transverse nature (qualitative idea only).

Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible,

ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.

Unit VI: Optics 30 Periods

Chapter–9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Ray Optics: Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula, refraction

of light, total internal reflection and optical fibers, refraction at spherical
surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens maker’s formula, magnification,
power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact, refraction of light
through a prism.

Optical instruments: Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting

and refracting) and their magnifying powers.

Chapter–10: Wave Optics

Wave optics: Wave front and Huygen’s principle, reflection and refraction
of plane wave at a plane surface using wave fronts. Proof of laws of
reflection and refraction using Huygen’s principle. Interference, Young's
double slit experiment and expression for fringe width (No derivation final
expression only), coherent sources and sustained interference of light,
diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maxima (qualitative treatment
only).
Unit VII: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter 08 Periods

Chapter–11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Dual nature of radiation, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's

observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation-particle nature of light.

Experimental study of photoelectric effect

Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de-Broglie relation.

Unit VIII: Atoms and Nuclei 15 Periods

Chapter–12: Atoms

Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr

model of hydrogen atom, Expression for radius of nth possible orbit, velocity
and energy of electron in nth orbit, hydrogen line spectra (qualitative
treatment only).

Chapter–13: Nuclei

Composition and size of nucleus, nuclear force

Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its
variation with mass number; nuclear fission, nuclear fusion.

Unit IX: Electronic Devices 10 Periods

Chapter–14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and

Simple Circuits

Energy bands in conductors, semiconductors and insulators (qualitative

ideas only) Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors- p and n type, p-n junction

Semiconductor diode - I-V characteristics in forward and reverse

bias, application of junction diode -diode as a rectifier.
 PRACTICALS
Total Periods 60

The record to be submitted by the students at the time of their annual examination has to
include:

Record of at least 8 Experiments [with 4 from each section], to be performed by

the students.

Record of at least 6 Activities [with 3 each from section A and section B], to be
performed by the students.

The Report of the project carried out by the students.

Evaluation Scheme

Max. Marks: 30
Time 3 hours

Two experiments one from each section 7+7 Marks

Practical record [experiments and activities] 5 Marks
One activity from any section 3 Marks
Investigatory Project 3 Marks
Viva on experiments, activities and project 5 Marks
Total 30 marks

Experiments SECTION–A

1. To determine resistivity of two / three wires by plotting a graph for potential

difference versus current.

2. To find resistance of a given wire / standard resistor using metre bridge.

3. To verify the laws of combination (series) of resistances using a metre bridge.

OR

To verify the laws of combination (parallel) of resistances using a metre bridge.

4. To determine resistance of a galvanometer by half-deflection method and to find its
figure of merit.

5. To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into a
voltmeter of desired range and to verify the same.

OR

To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into an
ammeter of desired range and to verify the same.

6. To find the frequency of AC mains with a sonometer.

Activities

1. To measure the resistance and impedance of an inductor with or without iron core.

2. To measure resistance, voltage (AC/DC), current (AC) and check continuity

of a given circuit using multimeter.

3. To assemble a household circuit comprising three bulbs, three (on/off) switches, a

fuse and a power source.

4. To assemble the components of a given electrical circuit.

5. To study the variation in potential drop with length of a wire for a steady current.

6. To draw the diagram of a given open circuit comprising at least a battery,

resistor/rheostat, key, ammeter and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not
connected in proper order and correct the circuit and also the circuit diagram.

SECTION-B
Experiments
1. To find the value of v for different values of u in case of a concave mirror and to find
the focal length.
2. To find the focal length of a convex mirror, using a convex lens.
3. To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between u and v
or between 1/u and 1/v.
4. To find the focal length of a concave lens, using a convex lens.
5. To determine angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a graph
 Practical Examination for Visually Impaired Students of
Classes XI and XII Evaluation Scheme

Time 2 hours Max. Marks: 30

Identification/Familiarity with the apparatus 5 marks

Written test (based on given/prescribed practicals) 10 marks
Practical Record 5 marks
Viva 10 marks
Total 30 marks

General Guidelines
The practical examination will be of two-hour duration.
A separate list of ten experiments is included here.
The written examination in practicals for these students will be conducted at the time
of practical examination of all other students.
The written test will be of 30 minutes duration.
The question paper given to the students should be legibly typed. It should contain
a total of 15 practical skill based very short answer type questions. A student would
be required to answer any 10 questions.
A writer may be allowed to such students as per CBSE examination rules.
All questions included in the question papers should be related to the listed practicals.
Every question should require about two minutes to be answered.
These students are also required to maintain a practical file. A student is expected to
record at least five of the listed experiments as per the specific instructions for each
subject. These practicals should be duly checked and signed by the internal
examiner.
The format of writing any experiment in the practical file should include aim,
apparatus required, simple theory, procedure, related practical skills, precautions
etc.
Questions may be generated jointly by the external/internal examiners and used for
assessment.
The viva questions may include questions based on basic theory/principle/concept,
apparatus/ materials/chemicals required, procedure, precautions, sources of error
etc.
 Class XII

A. Items for Identification/ familiarity with the apparatus for assessment

in practicals (All experiments)

Meter scale, general shape of the voltmeter/ammeter, battery/power supply,

connecting wires, standard resistances, connecting wires, voltmeter/ammeter,
meter bridge, screw gauge, jockey Galvanometer, Resistance Box, standard
Resistance, connecting wires, Potentiometer, jockey, Galvanometer, Lechlanche
cell, Daniell cell [simple distinction between the two vis-à-vis their outer (glass and
copper) containers], rheostat connecting wires, Galvanometer, resistance box,
Plug-in and tapping keys, connecting wires battery/power supply, Diode, Resistor
(Wire-wound or carbon ones with two wires connected to two ends), capacitors
(one or two types), Inductors, Simple electric/electronic bell, battery/power supply,
Plug- in and tapping keys, Convex lens, concave lens, convex mirror, concave
mirror, Core/hollow wooden cylinder, insulated wire, ferromagnetic rod,
Transformer core, insulated wire.

B. List of Practicals

1. To determine the resistance per cm of a given wire by plotting a graph between

voltage and current.
2. To verify the laws of combination (series/parallel combination) of resistances by
Ohm’s law.
3. To find the resistance of a given wire / standard resistor using a meter bridge.
4. To determine the resistance of a galvanometer by half deflection method.
5. To identify a resistor, capacitor, inductor and diode from a mixed collection of
such items.
6. To observe the difference between
(i) a convex lens and a concave lens
(ii) a convex mirror and a concave mirror and to estimate the likely
difference between the power of two given convex /concave lenses.
7. To design an inductor coil and to know the effect of
(i) change in the number of turns
 (ii) Introduction of ferromagnetic material as its core material on the
inductance of the coil.
8. To design a (i) step up (ii) step down transformer on a given core and know the
relation between its input and output voltages.

Note: The above practicals may be carried out in an experiential manner rather than
recording observations.

Prescribed Books:

1. Physics, Class XI, Part -I and II, Published by NCERT.

2. Physics, Class XII, Part -I and II, Published by NCERT.

3. Laboratory Manual of Physics for class XII Published by NCERT.

4. The list of other related books and manuals brought out by

NCERT (consider multimedia also).

Note:
The content indicated in NCERT textbooks as excluded for the year 2023-24 is not to
be tested by schools and will not be assessed in the Board examinations 2023-24.
 QUESTION PAPER DESIGN
Theory (Class: XI/XII)
Maximum Marks: 70 Duration: 3 hrs.

S No. Typology of Questions Total Approximate

Marks Percentage
1 Remembering: Exhibit memory of previously learned 27 38 %
material by recalling facts, terms, basic concepts, and
answers.
Understanding: Demonstrate understanding of facts and
ideas by organizing, comparing, translating, interpreting,
giving descriptions, and stating main ideas

2 Applying: Solve problems to new situations by applying 22 32%

acquired knowledge, facts, techniques and rules in a
different way.
3 Analysing : Examine and break information into parts by 21 30%
identifying motives or causes. Make inferences and find
evidence to support generalizations
Evaluating:
Present and defend opinions by making judgments about
information, validity of ideas, or quality of work based on
a set of criteria.
Creating:
Compile information together in a different way by
combining elements in a new pattern or proposing
alternative solutions.
Total Marks 70 100
Practical 30
Gross Total 100
Note:
The above template is only a sample. Suitable internal variations may be made for
generating similar templates keeping the overall weightage to different form of questions
and typology of questions same.
For more details kindly refer to Sample Question Paper of class XII for the year
2023- 24 to be published by CBSE at its website.