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Lab Activity - Collect The Information On Components of Transmission Line

Its lab activity on Collect the information on components of transmission line for understandig the transmission line componernsts functions.

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Tuhin Saha
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2K views5 pages

Lab Activity - Collect The Information On Components of Transmission Line

Its lab activity on Collect the information on components of transmission line for understandig the transmission line componernsts functions.

Uploaded by

Tuhin Saha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment No.

:- 07
Experiment Name: - Collect the information on components of transmission line.
Objective: - To understand & learnt about various component of transmission line like
different types of insulator, different types of conductors, line supports etc., and to learnt function of
each and every Component, need of different component in transmission line

Theory:-
The term Transmission Lines broadly refers to
overhead transmission lines and underground cables.
The key function of a transmission line is to transfer
bulk power between generation sources and load
centres. Electra Net owns, manages and operates
transmission lines at 275kV, 132kV and 66kV.
Transmission Lines are made up of various
components, namely poles, support structures,
conductors, cables, insulators and lightening arrestor
etc. The several components of transmission line
components are described in more detail in below.

1. Supports: -
Poles or towers depending upon the working voltage and
the region where these are used. The function of the line
support is obviously to support the conductors so as to keep
them at a suitable level above the ground.

The function of line support is obviously to support the


conductors. Line support must be capable of carrying
the load due to insulators and conductors including
the ice and wind loads on the conductors along with
the wind load on the support itself. The line supports
are of various types including wood, steel and
reinforced concrete poles, and steel towers either of
the rigid or flexible type.

2. Cross arms and Clamps: -


These are either of wood or steel angle section
and are used on pole structures to support the
insulators and conductor. Cross arms are steel
structures that hold power line wires on poles, and
clamps are used to fasten them to the poles. Cross
arms provide stability and support for electrical
equipment, conductors, and insulators in overhead
distribution and transmission lines. They also
ensure proper spacing between conductors and
insulators, reduce conductor vibration, and
withstand mechanical loads.
3. Insulators: -
Insulators are an essential part of
transmission lines, supporting overhead line
conductors on poles and preventing current
from flowing into the ground. Insulators can
be made from a variety of materials,
including porcelain, rubber, wood, plastic,
mica, glass, ceramic, PVC, steatite, and
polymer. There are different types of
inductors such as Pin, Strain or Suspension
types, as the case maybe, for supporting the
conductors and taking strain or suspending
the conductors respectively.

4. Conductors: -
Transmission line conductors are made from various
materials, including aluminium, copper, and steel. The most
common conductors are aluminium alloy conductors, which
include AAAC, AACSR, ABB, and ACSR. In transmission line
conductors are selected based on their electrical,
thermal, mechanical, and economic aspects. The
electric resistance of the material and its cross-section
is the most important feature that affects voltage drop,
energy losses, and transmission costs.

5. Guys and Stays: -


Guys and stays, also known as guy wires,
are tensioned cables that add stability to
freestanding structures. They are used to
support poles, towers, and other structures,
such as radio masts, wind turbines, and
tents. Guys and stays are often used with
poles at the ends of streets, near rivers or
lakes, because they prevent the poles from
bending. In transmission lines, stay wires
are used to balance the load on power
poles.

6. Lightning Arrestors: -
A lightning arrester, also known as a lightning isolator,
surge arrester, or line arrester, is a device that protects
the insulation and conductors of electrical power
transmission systems from lightning. It's essentially an air
gap between an electric wire and ground, with a high-
voltage terminal and a ground terminal. When a
lightning surge travels along the power line to the arrester, the current from the surge is diverted
through the arrester, usually to earth.

7. Fuses and Isolating Switches: -


Fused switch disconnections and isolator switches
are both electrical safety devices that are used as
control and protection equipment on power
distribution lines. Fused switch disconnections
combine isolating and current switching
functions. Isolator switches, also known as circuit
breakers or safety switches, interrupt the current in a
circuit to prevent accidents. The isolator function
allows the isolator to be manually switched on or off
via an external handle or lever. The isolator function
allows the isolator to be manually switched on or off
via an external handle or lever.

8. Continuous Earth Wire: -


A continuous earth wire, also known as a shielding
wire or ground wire, is a bare conductor that is
attached to the top of transmission towers to protect
power lines from lightning strikes and power
surges. The earth wire intercepts lightning strikes
before they can hit the conductors, and also
conducts fault currents to ground. The earth wire is
bonded to every latticed steel tower that carries the
transmission line, and at both ends. The earth wire's
effectiveness in preventing a direct lightning strike
depends on the angle between the earth wire and
the ground. For conductors, the angle should be
about 45° or 25° for towers above 50 meters high.

9. Vee Guards: -
Vee guards are safety devices that are installed
below overhead transmission lines that run along or
across public streets. They are meant to make the
line safe in the event of a break.

10. Guard Wire: -


A guard wire, also known as an earth wire, is a wire
placed above transmission lines to protect them from
lightning strikes. The guard wire has a smaller radius
than the transmission wire, which increases its
resistance and allows it to safely carry the excessive
current from lightning to the ground. Guard wires are
also used to protect people and animals in distributed
lines if a conductor snaps. Distributed lines are shorter and lighter than other types of lines
the various phases.

12. Bird Guards: -


A bird guard is a barrier that prevents birds from perching
on power transmission structures. Bird guards are usually
made of non-conductive, weather-proof, and hard-wearing
materials like fiberglass, plastic, or composite
materials. They are attached to the arm of a power
transmission line above the insulators and rotate in wind
currents to provide an umbrella shield.

13. Danger Plate: -


Danger plates, also known as phase plates or
circuit plates, are signs that indicate the phase or
signals of electricity. They are used to indicate
high voltage or high tension wires, fences,
gateways, and walls at required places. Danger
plates are installed on low tension and high
tension poles and substations for restricted
movement in the high voltage electrical areas.

14. Barbed wire: -


Barbed wire is used in transmission lines for security and fencing around substations and
other facilities to prevent unauthorized entry and protect equipment from vandalism and
tampering. It is wrapped around a pole at a height of about 2.5 meters from the ground for at
least one meter to prevent unauthorized climbing

15. Miscellaneous Items: -


i) Vibration dampers a vibration damper, also known as a Stockbridge damper, is a
dumbbell-shaped device that is attached to a transmission line conductor to reduce
vibrations caused by wind, ice, or other environmental factors. ii) Top hampers a top
hamper in an overhead transmission line can refer to matter or weight, such as rigging or
spars, in the upper part of a ship. It can also refer to unnecessary and cumbersome matter.
iii) Beads for jumpers Ferrite beads, also known as ferrite clamps or ferrite chokes, are
passive devices that are used in electronic circuits to suppress high-frequency signals on a
power supply line. And there are many other component present in transmission system
such as Phase plates, Danger plates, Lightning arrestors Anti-climbing wires

Conclusion:-
By performing this lab activity we have learnt various component of transmission line like different
types of insulator, different types of conductors, line supports etc. and we have also learnt function
of each and every Component, need of different component in transmission line.

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