Xb`mlbr ^rfimb‖s hbmfsfai fs `c`fist tlb prfimfpkb tl`t kb`rific

k b`rific fs `
S`rif ic7 Xlf s d`t `tbbr f `k f s pr
pr at
atb
bmt
mtb
bh jy Mapy
Mapyrr f clt K`ws.
K`ws. maapbr`tfvb `ih ` makk`jar`tfvb prambss.
prambss.
Ri`utlarfzbh usb sl`kk jb prasbmutbh fi tlb eukk bxtbit ae tlb  Fi lfs hbsfrb ta efifsl tlb maitbit ae tlb maursb sykk`jus, ]fr G`ius
^lf kfkfpp
ppff ib K `w
`ws.
s. E ar bxmkusf
bxmkusfvbvb usb ae MJ Z M r bvfbw
vfbwb
bbs aiky.
aiky. gust kbmturbs wlfkb stuhbits kfstbi. ]fr G`ius vfak`tbs tlb prfimfpkb
tl`t kb`rific fs `i `mtfvb prambss.
KBX Xapiatmlbrs‖
Xapiatmlbrs‖ Iatbs  Dr. Jbrduiha `sos lfs pupfks ta sbb tlb maiibmtfai ae tlbfr ibw
kbssai ta tlbfr awi pbrsai`k bxpbrfbimbs `ih sl`rb tlb s`db wftl
 ]`ift`ry hrfiofic eauit`fis `ih s`eb pk`ycrauih `rb e`mfkftfbs tlb mk`ss. Dr. Jbrduiha jbkfbvbs fi tlb prfimfpkb tl`t kb`rific fs
prbsbit fi ` lb`ktl-pradatfic smlaak bivfraidbit. tlb hfsmavbry ae tlb pbrsai`k db`ific ae fhb`s.
 Sftl IMJX] `s cufhb, `i fhb`k kb`rific bivfraidbit slaukh l`vb  ]fr Ofbr `vafhs hrfkks aut ae maitbxt. Lb cfvbs rb`k-warkh D`tl
tlb eakkawfic ml`r`mtbrfstfms, B\MB^X jufkh d`iy praebssfai`k prajkbd ear stuhbits ta hrfkk ai. ]fr Ofbr fs vbry duml maivfimbh ae
kfio`cbs tlb prfimfpkb tl`t kb`rific fs tlb hfsmavbry ae tlb pbrsai`k
 ^radfibimb ae jukkbtfi ja`rhs fi bvbry jufkhfic fs ` plysfm`k db`ific ae fhb`s.
fhb`s.
smlaak bivfraidbit tl`t supparts kb`rific.  Ear db`ificeuk tb`mlfic `ih kb`rific, ft fs jbst ta maiibmt tlb
 @ 02-yb`r-akh ebkt fciarbh jy lbr mrusl tl`t slb jbkfbvbs fs lbr aib kbssai ta tlb kfeb ae stuhbits jy fitbcr`tfic ` rbkbv`it v`kub fi tlb
trub kavb. ]lb fs mryfic fimbss`itky `ih rbeusbs ta kfstbi `ih `mmbpt kbssai. Xlfs fs j`sbh ai tlb prfimfpkb tl`t kbssai
sauih `hvfmb tl`t tlb tb`mlbr fs aeebrfic. Lbr rbeus`k ta `mmbpt fs ajgbmtfvbs/fitbihbh kb`rific autmadbs dust fitbcr`tb : ar =
jbm`usb 02-yb`r-akhs `rb iat ybt m`p`jkb ae pbrspbmtfvb t`ofic had`fis ” maciftfvb, sofkk `ih `eebmtfvb ar maciftfvb `ih
`ih m`iiat t`ob tlb tb`mlbr‖s pbrspbmtfvb. `eebmtfvb ar sofkk `ih `eebmtfvb.
 @ prbsmlaak tb`mlbr fs tlfiofic `jaut law jbst ta hbvbkap tlb efib  Xb`mlbr Zby sl`rbh tlfs kbssai ajgbmtfvb/kb`rific autmadb wftl lfs
daiftar sofkks ae tlb 8-yb`r-akhs. Xlb tb`mlbr slaukh maisfhbr stuhbits7 ‛Jbearb tlb pbrfah bihs,
bihs, `kk ae yau dust jb `jkb ta fhbitfey
maihumtfic ` v`rfbty ae eui `ih ml`kkbicfic `mtfvftfbs fivakvfic tlb tapfm sbitbimb `ih suppartfic sbitbimbs ae ` cfvbi p`r`cr`pl.—
l`ih dusmkbs h`fky. Xb`mlbr Zby hrfkkbh tlbd ai sujgbmt-vbrj `crbbdbit ta bisurb tl`t
 ]mfbimb Xb`mlbr F`l slawbh lbr mk`ss ` ck`ss ae w`tbr wftl `i bcc tlby m`i wrftb ` caah p`r`cr`pl tlbi c`vb ` tbi-sbitbimb
fi ft. ]lb `sobh tlb mk`ss7 ‛Sl`t l`ppbis ta tlb bcc fe F `hh tlrbb p`r`cr`pl ear tlb stuhbits ta hbtbrdfib sujgbmt-vbrj `crbbdbit
t`jkbspaai s`kt ta tlb ck`ss ae w`tbr1— Xlfs fs lypatlbsfs jbearb tlb mk`ss pbrfah bihbh. Xb`mlbr Zby hfh IAX usb tlb
earduk`tfai. Xlb maciftfvb hbvbkapdbit`k st`cb ae Xb`mlbr F`l‖s F`l ‖s kbssai ajgbmtfvb/kb`rific autmadb `s cufhb fi tlb hbvbkapdbit ae
mk`ss fs eard`k apbr`tfai`k st`cb. lfs kbssai.
 Eamusfic ai i`tur`k maisbqubimbs ae stuhbits‖ jbl`vfar hbvbkap  Lbrb fs ` kbssai ajgbmtfvb7 ‛@t tlb bih ae tlb kbssai, tlb pupfks
darb sbke-rbcuk`tfai fi tlb stuhbits. ‛Fe ft t`obs yau kaicbr ta dust jb `jkb ta hbvbkap ` pasftfvb ` ttftuhb taw`rhs waro.— Xlfs fs
efifsl tlb sb`twaro jbm`usb tfdb fs w`stbh wftl ml`ttfic, tlbi IAX ` ]D@ZX ajgbmtfvb jbm`usb hbvbkap fs ` iai-jbl`vfar`k
wb wai‖t l`vb tfdb ta ca ta tlb pk`ycrauih `iydarb— fs `i tbrd.
bx`dpkb.  Xb`mlbr Mk`rbimb w`itbh lbr stuhbits ta r`tb tlbfr awi waro usfic
 Kb`ribrs `rb darb kfobky ta fitbri`kfzb `ih eakkaw mk`ssraad rukbs tlb smarfic rujrfm wlfml slb bxpk`fibh ta tlb mk`ss jbearb tlb
wlbi tlb kb`ribrs p`rtfmfp`tb fi tlb rukb-d`ofic prambss. stuhbits jbc`i wftl tlbfr t`so. J`sbh ai rbvfsbh rb vfsbh Jkaad‖s
 Ear ` tb`mlbr ta bst`jkfsl `ih d`fit`fi maisfstbit st`ih`rhs ae t`xaiady, tlb stuhbits `rb fi tlb `i`kyzfic kbvbk ae maciftfvb
kb`ribrs‖ jbl`vfar,
jbl`vfar, tlby slaukh ha `kk B\MB^X jb apbi ta prambssfic `rb tlb stuhbits.
bxmbptfais b`ml tfdb ` kb`ribr dfsjbl`vbs fi mk`ss.  Vau `rb rbqufrbh ta earduk`tb yaur awi plfkasaply ae bhum`tfai fi
 Xlb MAZZBMX st`tbdbit ai stuhbit hfvbrsfty fs tb`mlbr slaukh tlb maursb, Xlb Xb`mlfic ^raebssfai. J`sbh ai Jkaad‖s rb vfsbh
`mmbpt tlb v`kub ae hfvbrsfty. t`xaiady, yau `rb fi tlb mrb`tfic kbvbk ae maciftfvb prambssfic.
 Slbi stuhbits `mmbpt tlb e`mt tl`t `kk pbapkb `rb uifqub fi tlbfr  Dr. ]bvfkk` rbqufrbs lfs mk`ss ta maihumt rbsb`rml, wrftb ` rbsb`rml
awi w`y fihfm`tbs tl`t lb/slb v`kubs hfvbrsfty. rbpart `ih hbebih tlb s`db jbearb ` p`ibk ae bxpbrts. Xlb stuhbits
 D`ofic usb ae ` v`rfbty ae `ssbssdbit dbtlahs `ih `mtfvftfbs wfkk jb bic`cbh fi Zbtrfbv`k, Madprblbisfai, @i`kysfs `ih
fs ` tb`mlfic ” kb`rific fdpkfm`tfai ae stuhbit hfvbrsfty. Oiawkbhcb utfkfz`tfai kbvbk/s ae prambssfic
 Xlfs maddbit erad ` tb`mlbr7 I`ofoft` oa i` o`fk`ic`i daic  Xb`mlbr ^rfimbss bimaur`cbs lbr stuhbits ta d`ob tlb fitbihbh
d`ck``i ic d`s d`l`j`ic p`i`lai s` p`os`ic fta p`r` kb`rific autmadb tlbfr awi `ih bxpk`fi tl`t slb bxpbmtbh tlbd ta
kujas daic d`ui`w``i fta, fta, wfkk dast kfobky d`ob ` mlfkh try daiftar iaw `ih tlbi tlbfr awi pracrbss taw`rh tlb fitbihbh
l`rhbr, r`tlbr tl`i cfvb up. kb`rific autmadb `ih `mt `mmarhficky. Xlb mk`ss bxpbmtbh ta `mt fi
 Slbi tlb tb`mlbr craups tlb kb`ribrs jy tlbfr `jfkfty kbvbk `ih dbt`maciftfvb systbd kbvbk ae prambssfic.
d`obs tlb craups waro wftl tlb s`db tapfm jut `ssfcis `  ]fr Galhbk sbbs ta ft tl`t lfs mk`ss sbbs tlb fdpart`imb ae tlb
hfeebrbit t`so `ppraprf`tb ear b`ml craup ta `mmadpkfsl cr`dd`r kbssais fi Bickfsl `ih sa cbts fitrfisfm`kky datfv`tbh ta
hbdaistr`tbs hfeebrbitf`tbh fistrumtfai. kb`ri. Xlb mk`ss bxpbmtbh ta `mt fi sbke-systbd kbvbk ae prambssfic.
 @kkawfic mlfkhrbi ta slaw tl`t tlby kb`ribh tlb st`cbs ae  Xb`mlbr Gaslu` t`kobh `kk pbrfah. Lb t`uclt tlb mk`ss tlb stbps ta
dftasfs fi ` w`y wlbrb tlby ebbk dast madeart`jkb fs ` tb`mlfic uihbrt`ob fi tlb maihumt ae `i `mtfai rbsb`rml. Lb `ksa slawbh `
pr`mtfmb tl`t cfvbs prfd`ry maisfhbr`tfai ta fihfvfhu`k hfeebrbimbs. dahbk `mtfai rbsb`rml. Lb w`s darb sujgbmt d`ttbr-mbitbrbh
 Eb`reuk, filfjftbh, lastfkb `ih wftlhr`wi `rb dast kfobky tlb ofih `ih tb`mlbr-mbitbrbh.
ae mlfkhrbi r`fsbh jy `utlarft`rf`i p`rbits.  Ds. ]br`spf‖s
]br`spf‖s kbssai w`s ai ‛Sl`t
‛ Sl`t d`i m`i ha ta `rrbst mkfd`tb
 Fe ` mlfkh w`s r`fsbh jy `utlarft`tfvb p`rbits, lb/slb wfkk dast ml`icb—. ]lb d`hb stuhbits ha tlb t`kofic, `rcufic, tlb
kfobky rbk`tb wbkk ta mk`ssd`tbs. syitlbsfzfic. ]lb c`vb lbr kbmturb `etbr stuhbits l`vb p`rtfmfp`tbh
 Xb`mlbr U`ibss` jbkfbvbs tl`t stuhbits ibbh iat oiaw tlb fi tlb kfvbky hfsmussfai. Ds. ]br`spf bdpkaybh ` kb`ribr-mbitbrbh
fitbihbh kb`rific autmadb ae lbr kbssai. ]lb prambbhs ta lbr `ppra`ml tb`mlfic.
kb`rific `mtfvftfbs `t aimb wftlaut kbttfic tlbd oiaw wl`t tlby `rb  Fi tlb E] maursb, E] stuhbits `rb rbqufrbh ta ajsbrvb, `i`kyzb `ih
suppasbh ta kb`ri ear tlb h`y. Xb`mlbr U`ibss` ibc`tbs tlb rbekbmt ai `mtu`k mk`ss prambbhfics. Xlb pbh`cacfm`k `ppra`ml ae O
prfimfpkb ae tb`mlfic tl`t beebmtfvb kb`rific jbcfis wftl tlb ta 0: `s mftbh fi tlb O ta 0: k`w ajsbrvbh fi tlb maihumt ae tlfs E]
sbttfic mkb`r bxpbmt`tfais `ih kb`rific autmadbs. maursb fs rbekbmtfvb
 Xb`mlbr ^rfimb iatfmbh tl`t fi craup waro, stuhbits gust kb`vb tlb  Xlb sujgbmt d`ttbr fs tlb @]B@I Pu`kfefm`tfais Er`dbwaro
waro ta tlb kb`hbr `ih sa vawbh ibvbr ta cfvb craup waro `c`fi. (@PZE). Xlb @sf`i Lfstary tb`mlbr tb`ds up wftl tlb Bmaiadfms
HZ. M@ZK B. J@KFX@ ZBUFBS MBIXBZ XBK. IA. 3=2-8>6</3=2>38> - 0 -
 tb`mlbr, tlb ^raebssfai`k Bhum`tfai tb`mlbr ear ` tlaraucl  Vau w`it ta hbvbkap stuhbits‖ mrftfm`k tlfiofic sofkks. Vau slaukh `so
hfsmussfai ae @PZE erad tlb pbrspbmtfvb ae atlbr hfsmfpkfibs. Xlb hfvbrcbit qubstfais `ih apbi-bihbh qubstfais.
@sf`i Lfstary tb`mlbr‖s pbh`cacfm`k `ppra`ml
`ppra`ml fs fitbcr`tbh.  Maivbrcbit qubstfais wfkk kb`st pradatb fitbr`mtfai `daic
 Xlb spfr`k pracrbssfai `ppra`ml fi tb`mlfic D`tl fi tlb O ta 0: stuhbits.
murrfmukud db`is tl`t yau tb`ml j`sfm D`tl maimbpts erad O ta  @kk `rb rbspaisfjfkftfbs ae tlb Kb`rific Zbsaurmb/ @uhfa-Ufsu`k/
Cr`hb 0> fi fimrb`sfic hbptl `ih jrb`htl `mrass tlb cr`hbs. Xlfs Bhum`tfai`k Xbmliakacy Mbitbr ae ` smlaak B\MB^X `mmadpkfsl
db`is tl`t D`tl Xb`mlfic fs hbvbkapdbit`kky `ppraprf`tb.
`ppraprf`tb. tlb stuhbits‖ tbmliakacy pragbmt ear tlbd.
tlbd .
 Xb`mlbr @zfz hbdaistr`tbh tlb hbhumtfvb dbtlah ae tb`mlfic fi lfs  Xlb Kb`rific Zbsaurmb / @uhfa-vfsu`k / Bhum`tfai`k Xbmliakacy
Bickfsl mk`ss. J`sbh ai lfs tb`mlfic hbda, lb `sobh tlb mk`ss ta Mbitbr rbcuk`rky pravfhbs tlb Xb`mlbrs ` kfst ae wbjsftbs, `pps `ih
autkfib tlb stbps ae ` hbhumtfvb tb`mlfic dbtlah. Xlb stuhbit‖s fistrumtfai`k d`tbrf`ks `v`fk`jkb fi tlb mfty wlfml `rb rbkbv`it ta tlb
autkfibs sbrvbh `s tlb st`rtfic pafit ae tlb mk`ss hfsmussfai ai tlb hfeebrbit sujgbmts tlby tb`ml. Xlfs eukefkks fts euimtfai `s mbitbr ae
stbps ae tlb hbhumtfvb dbtlah. Xb`mlbr @zfz wbit fihumtfvb IAX rbsaurmbs.
hbhumtfvb.  Xlb Kb`rific Zbsaurmb / @uhfa-vfsu`k / Bhum`tfai`k Xbmliakacy
 Xb`mlbr Ubk D`rfb s`fh7 ‛Xlfs fs tlb rukb ai law ta duktfpky Mbitbr spaisars ` sbdfi`r-waroslap ear tb`mlbrs `ih
er`mtfais. Xa fkkustr`tb, kbt‖s cfvb bx`dpkbs.— Xlbi slb c`vb `hdfifstr`tars ai tlb usb ae tlb k`tbst prbsbitbr `ppkfm`tfais. Xlfs
er`mtfais ta tlb mk`ss ear tlbd ta duktfpky. Xb`mlbr Ubk D`rfb eukefkks fts euimtfai `s `cbit ae tb`mlfic
prambbhbh hbhumtfvbky.  Fi arhbr ear tlb stuhbits ta mkb`rky uihbrst`ih tlb strumturb `ih
 Hbhumtfvb tb`mlfic dbtlah fs kbss fitbr`mtfvb `ih rbqufrb rbk`tfvbky maitbit ae tlb tb`mlbr‖s prbsbit`tfai, tlb tb`mlbr slaukh l`vb `
slartbr pbrfah ae tfdb ta mavbr maitbit. slart prbvfbw.
 Slbi yau jbcfi tb`mlfic wftl tlb cbibr`kfz`tfai tlbi jrfic fi  Dfss D`ry fs prbp`rfic skfhbs ear lbr kbssai hbdaistr`tfai, slb
hbt`fks, yau bdpkay hbhumtfvb tb`mlfic dbtlah. rbdbdjbrs ta suppky tlb rukb ae sfx. Dast kfobky slb wfkk l`vb sfx
 Slbi yau jbcfi tb`mlfic wftl maimrbtb bxpbrfbimb tlbi madb fi kfibs ai b`ml skfhb wftl b`ml kfib l`vfic iat darb tl`i sfx
wftl maimkusfai, yau bdpkay fihumtfvb dbtlah. warhs.
 Kb`rific fs `i `mtfvb prambss. @i `ppkfm`tfai ae tlfs prfimfpkb fs kbt  Dfss Mk`rbimb fs vbry bxmftbh ta ha lbr prbsbit`tfai `jaut tlb
stuhbits kb`ri tlb stbps fi apbific ` madputbr jy d`ofic beebmts ae ckaj`k w`rdfic ta Cr`hb 2 stuhbits. ]lb w`its ta d`ob
tlbd eakkaw tlb stbps. surb tlb mlfkhrbi wfkk jb fitbrbstbh. Slfkb prbp`rfic lbr skfhbs, slb
 Xlb darb sbisbs tl`t `rb fivakvbh, tlb darb `ih tlb jbttbr tlb slaukh fimkuhb pfmturbs `ih ` slart vfhba mkfp tl`t m`pturbs tlb
kb`rific. Jrficfic stuhbits ta efbkh trfps wftl tlb maisbit ae beebmts ae ckaj`k w`rdfic
smlaak `ih p`rbits fs ` pr`mtfmb fs `kfcibh wftl tlfs prfimfpkb.  Dfss C`s`t fs pk`iific tbmliakacy fitbcr`tfai fi lbr smfbimb kbssai
 @ iai-tlrb`tfic `tdasplbrb bil`imbs kb`rific. Ia jukkyfic ai st`tbs ae d`ttbr. ]lb fs `ppkyfic lbr pbh`cacfm`k oiawkbhcb
pr`mtfmb fs `i aeeslaat ae tlfs prfimfpkb. wlbi slb kaaos fita tlb ml`r`mtbrfstfms `ih fitbrbsts ae tlb
 Bdatfai l`s tlb pawbr ta fimrb`sb kb`rific. Xa `ppky tlfs prfimfpkb, kb`ribrs fi arhbr ta mlaasb `mtfvftfbs tl`t waukh d`tml tlbd
tb`mlbr dust tauml stuhbits‖ bdatfai wlbi lb/slb tb`mlbs. tb`mlbs.  Dr. J`kft` fs pk`iific tbmliakacy fitbcr`tfai fi lfs samf`k stuhfbs
 Caah tb`mlfic cabs jbyaih rbm`kk ae fieard`tfai. ]a ` tb`mlbr kbssai ai tlb BH]@ Zbvakutfai. Lb fs `ppkyfic lfs maitbit
dust d`ob stuhbits maiibmt e`mts kb`ribh ta eard maimbpts oiawkbhcb wlbi lb fimkuhbs fieard`tfai erad BH]@ rbvakutfai
`ih `jstr`mtfais. vfhba hamudbit`rfbs
 Kb`rific fs db`ificeuk wlbi ft fs maiibmtbh ta stuhbits‖
st uhbits‖ bvbryh`y  Ds. Zasb @ii fs fdpkbdbitfic ` tbmliakacy-fitbcr`tfai `mtfvfty ear
kfeb. @i `ppkfm`tfai ae tlfs prfimfpkb fi tb`mlfic fs wlbi tb`mlbr 8tl cr`hbrs ta waro ai duktfpkfm`tfai ae twa hfcft iudjbrs. Xlb
`sos tlb mk`ss ta slaw `ppkfm`tfai ae wl`t tlby kb`ribh ta tlbfr tb`mlbr bv`ku`tbs d`tl `pps ai duktfpkfm`tfai, d`tmlbs tlbd
h`fky kfeb. wftl lbr stuhbits sofkk kbvbk, hbdaistr`tbs law tlb `pps `rb
 @i fitbcr`tbh tb`mlfic `ppra`ml fs e`r darb beebmtfvb tl`i tb`mlfic usbh, `ih `kkaws lbr stuhbits ta bxpkarb `ih waro ai tlb `pp
fsak`tbh jfts ae fieard`tfai. Xb`mlbrs tlbi slaukh `vafh tb`mlfic fkkustr`tbs tlb fitbr`mtfai ae tlb tb`mlbr‖s tbmliakacfm`k,
ta tlb tbst. pbh`cacfm`k, `ih maitbit oiawkbhcb.
 Fe Xb`mlbr @kcfb hbvbkaps kbssai tlb AJXK w`y, slb slaukh d`ob  @ Jfakacy tb`mlbr usbs ` ^awbr^afit prbsbit`tfai ta slaw tlb
stuhbits uihbrst`ih wl`t tlby `rb bxpbmtbh ta oiaw `ih `jkb mk`ssfefm`tfai fi Ofichad @ifd`kf`. Xlb tb`mlbr tlbi tb`mlbs tlbd
ta ha `etbr tlb kbssai law ta usb ` saetw`rb fi d`ofic cr`plfm arc`ifzbrs. ]tuhbits tlbi
 Fi AJXK, `ssbssdbit slaukh jb j`sbh ai fitbihbh kb`rific usb tlfs ta mrb`tb tlbfr awi cr`plfm arc`ifzbrs ta mk`ssfey `ifd`ks.
autmadb. Xlfs slaws tbmliakacy fitbcr`tfai wlfml fs bitry-maistrumtfvb.
 F w`si‖t s`tfsefbh wftl ]tuhbit J‖s ybs `s `i `iswbr `ih sa F `sobh  Xb`mlbr @r`i`s hbdaistr`tbs law ta waro wftl d`tl `pp tl`t
lbr ta bxpk`fi wly1 F `sobh lbr ` prajfic qubstfai. pravfhbs pr`mtfmb fi `hhfic dfxbh er`mtfais. Xlb stuhbits tlbi waro
 Xb`mlbr @jhuk mk`fds
mk`fds lb m`i‖t `mmbpt `i ‛F hai‖t oiaw— `iswbr. ]a fihbpbihbitky wftl tlb `pp ta pravfhb tlbd sueefmfbit pr`mtfmb fi
lb habs pradptfic. `hhfic dfxbh er`mtfai. Xlfs slaws tbmliakacy fitbcr`tfai wlfml fs
 Xa ajt`fi wbkk-tlauclt aut `iswbrs, `kkawfic sueefmfbit tfdb maukh `haptfai-`mtfvb
lbkp.  @ Cr`hb < ]amf`k ]tuhfbs
] tuhfbs tb`mlbr c`vb ` pragbmt wlbrb lbr mk`ss fi
 Xlfs fs dy qubstfaific jbl`vfar7 F `so tlb qubstfai, F p`usb ear ` tlbfr smlaak m`dpusbs fi Ufs`y`s `ih Dfih`i`a. Xlby wfkk mrb`tb
wlfkb tlbi m`kk ai ` stuhbit. Xlfs qubstfaific pr`mtfmb fs fivakvfic pastbrs `ih ` vfhba mkfp ta madduifm`tb ` dbss`cb `jaut pb`mb.
`s d`iy `s passfjkb. Xlby wfkk usb samf`k dbhf` ta sprb`h tlbfr pb`mb m`dp`fci. Xlfs
 Vau cbt ` p`rtf`kky marrbmt `iswbr. Vau d`y s`y ‛ybs jut ` p`rt pragbmt fivakvbs tbmliakacy fitbcr`tfai wlfml fs tr`iseard`tfai-
ibbhs fdpravbdbit—. Vau d`y l`ihkb tlb rbspaisb jy pravfhfic ` maistrumtfvb
marrbmtfvb ebbhj`mo.  Dr. Akfvbr fs bv`ku`tfic ` wbjsftb ear lfs Kftbr`turb mk`ss. Lb fs
 @ qubstfai fs r`fsbh jy aib stuhbit. Vau V au hai‖t `iswbr ft jut tlraw d`ofic surb tl`t e`mtu`k pfbmbs ae fieard`tfai eauih ai tlb sftb `rb
j`mo tlb qubstfai ta tlb mk`ss. Vau `rb rbhfrbmtfic qubstfais ta wbkk hamudbitbh `ih pfmturbs `ih hf`cr`ds `rb prapbrky k`jbkbh.
atlbr pupfks.
pupfks. Lb fs `ksa mlbmofic tl`t tlbrb `rb ibftlbr dfsspbkkbh warhs iar
cr`dd`r brrars. Lb fs eamusfic ai `mmur`my.
 Zbgbmtfic stuhbit‖s `iswbr autrfclt fs ` pr`mtfmb tl`t habsi‖t
pradatb fitbr`mtfai.  Dfss G`k`r` fs bv`ku`tfic `i b`rky kftbr`my `pp ear lbr
ofihbrc`rtbibrs. ]lb fs d`ofic surb tlb `pp fs uimkuttbrbh fi
`ppb`r`imb, fs `rr`icbh fi sadb arhbr ae hfeefmukty, `ih tl`t fmais
HZ. M@ZK B. J@KFX@ ZBUFBS MBIXBZ XBK. IA. 3=2-8>6</3=2>38> - : -
 rbprbsbit wl`t tlby wbrb fitbihbh ta rbprbsbit. ]lb fs eamusfic ai  Murrfmukud hbvbkapdbit fs darb beebmtfvb fe ft fs `
arc`ifz`tfai. madprblbisfvb prambss, r`tlbr tl`i ‛pfbmbdb`k— fs `i `xfad
 Dfss Dbihaz` fs bv`ku`tfic `i `pp ear lbr Cr`hb 3 Bickfsl mk`ss. tl`t bdpl`sfzbs tl`t murrfmukud hbsfci slaukh jb j`sbh ai `
]lb fs efihfic aut wlbtlbr tlb `pp t`ps tlb sofkk eauih fi tlb Cr`hb m`rbeuk pk`i, fitbihbh autmadbs mkb`rky bst`jkfslbh, btm.
3 st`ih`rhs ta bisurb tl`t tlfs `pp wfkk jb lbkpeuk fi dbbtfic lbr  Xb`mlbrs `rb tlb prfd`ry davbrs fi tlb fdpkbdbit`tfai ae tlb
ajgbmtfvbs. ]lb w`its ta d`ob surb ft fs iat taa b`sy iar taa hfeefmukt ml`icbs d`hb ai murrfmukud.
ear lbr stuhbits. ]lb eamusfic ai `ppraprf`tbibss.  @ j`r`ic`y aeefmf`k succbstbh tl`t efslfic `ih d`rfib kfeb jb
 DAAMs `rb maisfhbrbh d`ssfvb jbm`usb tlby m`i `mmaddah`tb fimkuhbh fi tlb j`r`ic`y pujkfm smlaak sa tl`t kb`ribrs wfkk l`vb `
` jfc iudjbr ae kb`ribrs. j`mocrauih ai tlb prfd`ry kfvbkflaah fi tlbfr `rb`. Xlfs fs j`sbh ai
 DAAMs `rb apbi jbm`usb maursbs m`i jb `mmbssbh jy `iyaib m`rbbr-mbitbrbh murrfmukud hbsfci dahbk.
`iywlbrb `s kaic `s tlby `rb maiibmtbh ta tlb fitbribt.  Marrbk`tbh fs tlb prfd`ry ml`r`mtbrfstfm ae ` sujgbmt-mbitbrbh
 DAAMs `rb maisfhbrbh `s ` maursb jbm`usb tlby l`vb ` cufhb ar hbsfci dahbk ae murrfmukud.
` sykk`jus tl`t fihfm`tbs maitbit, ajgbmtfvbs, `mtfvftfbs, `ih  @s `i fdpkbdbitbr ae murrfmukud, tlb tb`mlbr l`s ta pbreard `kk
`ssbssdbit. tlbsb t`sos bxmbpt hbsfci rbkf`jkb `ih v`kfh `ssbssdbit taaks
 Fi ` murrfmukud hbvbkapdbit mk`ss, tlb tb`mlbr `sobh tlb stuhbits  Fdpkbdbit`tfai db`is puttfic fita pr`mtfmb tlb bxpbrfbimbs wlfml
ta cfvb `i birfmlbh hbefiftfai ae tlb murrfmukud. Murrfmukud fs tlb l`s jbbi wrfttbi fi `kk bxmbpt fitbribt rbsaurmb sftbs
sud tat`k ae `kk kb`rific bxpbrfbimbs fi tlb tb`mlfic-kb`rific  @kk `rb fivakvbh fi ‛tb`mlfic— bxmbpt dbbtfic wftl tlb p`rbits
prambss.  Xlb eakkawfic `rb tlb rakbs ae tlb st`oblakhbrs fi murrfmukud
 Arhfi`ry pbapkb maisfhbr murrfmukud `s ` kfst ae sujgbmts, maursbs hbvbkapdbit bxmbpt lbkp fi earduk`tfic tlb `ppraprf`tb kb`rific
ta madpkbtb `ih sujgbmts ta uihbrt`ob. bxpbrfbimbs.
 Murrfmukud d`y jb hbefibh fi d`iy w`ys. Xlfs pravbs tl`t tlb  ^`rbits `rb hfrbmt p`rtibrs ae tlb smlaak fi strbictlbific kb`rific
maimbpt ae murrfmukud d`y jb hbefibh erad hfeebrbit bxpbrfbimb fi tlb ladb.
pbrspbmtfvbs.  Kb`ribrs `rb `t tlb marb ae tlb murrfmukud. Xlby `rb tlb prfd`ry
 Xlb ^lfkfppfib @ssamf`tfai ear Xb`mlbrs `ih Bhum`tars (^@EXB) jbibefmf`rfbs ae tlb murrfmukud.
prapasbh ` ibw murrfmukud ear Xb`mlbr Bhum`tfai ta d`ob tlb  @kk `rb fdpart`imb ae bv`ku`tfic tlb murrfmukud bxmbpt ta jb `jkb ta
cr`hu`tbs ckaj`kky madpbtftfvb. Xlfs fs ` typb ae rbmaddbihbh ja`st ae ` ibw `ih fdpravbh murrfmukud bvbry tfdb.
murrfmukud  Xb`mlbr pbreard`imb fs ` madpaibit tl`t m`i jb fimkuhbh fi
 Fi arhbr ta l`vb `i beebmtfvb tb`mlfic `ih kb`rific, tlbrb dust jb murrfmukud bv`ku`tfai.
`i `hbqu`tb utfkfz`tfai ae kb`rific d`tbrf`ks. Xlfs rbebrs ta  Sb ibbh ta bv`ku`tb tlb murrfmukud wlbibvbr ibmbss`ry.
suppartbh murrfmukud. Slbi tb`mlbrs maihumt ` sbrfbs ae  Xb`mlbr Ebkfmfta c`vb Xrub-E`ksb prbtbst ai samf`k gustfmb. J`sbh
bv`ku`tfai ta hbtbrdfib tlb bxtbit ae tb`mlfic, `ssbssbh ai tlb prbtbst rbsukts, lb t`uclt lbr mk`ss samf`k gustfmb jy
murrfmukud dust jb fdpkbdbitbh. marrbmtfic wl`tbvbr wraic maimbpts tlb stuhbits l`vb `ih `eefrdbh
 Xlfs murrfmuk`rfst usbs uifqub `ih aut-ae-jax str`tbcfbs ta d`ob `ih bxpauihbh ai tlbfr marrbmt maimbpts. @etbr marrbmtfic tlbfr
lfs/lbr mk`ss lfclky bic`cfic. Lb/]lb fs `i fiiav`tar wraic maimbpts `ih `eefrdfic tlbfr marrbmt `iswbrs, Xb`mlbr
 Xlfs murrfmuk`rfst l`s pujkfslbh rbsb`rmlbs, jaaos, d`iu`ks, `ih Ebkfmfta c`vb tlb mk`ss ` pasttbst. @daic eards ae `ssbssdbit
atlbr fistrumtfai`k d`tbrf`ks. Lb/]lb fs ` wrftbr. bxpk`fibh, Xb`mlbr Ebkfmfta hfh `i `ssbssdbit EAZ kb`rific.
 Xlfs murrfmuk`rfst `ttbihs ta sbdfi`rs, waroslaps `ih pursub  Xlb mk`ss w`s t`uclt law ta maihumt `i `mtfai rbsb`rml `ih w`s
cr`hu`tb waro. Lb/]lb fs ` oiawbr rbqufrbh `i bih-ae-tlb-tbrd wrfttbi rbsb`rml rbpart. Xlb mk`ss w`s
 Slbi ` smlaak jbkfbvbs tl`t murrfmukud slaukh lfclky eamus ai t`uclt law ta ha tlb rbsb`rml rbpart `ih w`s slawi `s `i @i`kytfm
D`tl, ]mfbimb `ih atlbr euih`dbit`k fitbkkbmtu`k hfsmfpkfibs, tlfs ]marfic Zujrfm ear tlbd ta oiaw law tlby wfkk cr`hbh. Xlb mk`ss
smlaak jbkfbvbs fi tlb murrfmukud vfbw ae @rtlur Jbstar. taao tlb ]marfic Zujrfm `s cufhb fi tlb d`ofic ae tlbfr rbsb`rml
 Xlb eakkawfic `rb ml`r`mtbrfstfms ae pracrbssfvb murrfmukud bxmbpt rbpart. Xlby wbrb `kk datfv`tbh ta p`ss `i bxmbkkbit rbsb`rml rbpart
oiawkbhcb tl`t madbs erad v`rfaus hfsmfpkfibs slaukh jb tlb `ih `s ` craup mlbmobh iaw `ih tlbi fe tlby wbrb trub ta tlb
eamus. qu`kftfbs ae `i bxmbkkbit rbsb`rml rbpart `s sbbi fi tlb smarfic
 Fi `i`kyzfic tlb murrfmukud, tlb tb`mlbr slaukh maisfhbr tlb rujrfm. Xlfs fs `i bx`dpkb ae @ssbssdbit @] Kb`rific.
eakkawfic7 Ufsfai, dfssfai, ca`ks `ih marb v`kubs ae tlb smlaak?  Xb`mlbr F`l fs haib wftl Rift 0. ]lb w`its ta oiaw law wbkk lbr
Kb`rific rbsaurmbs `ih e`muktfbs ae tlb smlaak `ih Ibbhs `ih stuhbits maukh hbdaistr`tb tlb oiawkbhcb `ih sofkks t`rcbtbh `t
fitbrbsts ae tlb kb`ribrs tlb jbcfiific ae tlb Rift. Xb`mlbr F`l fs fita @ssbssdbit AE
 Slbi tlb murrfmukud fs vfbwbh `s ` prambss, tlb tb`mlbr slaukh Kb`rific.
maisfhbr prfd`rfky fi hbsfcific lfs/lbr kbssais tlb v`rfaus  ]udd`tfvb `ssbssdbit `ih `ssbssdbit ae kb`rific `rb usbh
dbtlahs `ih str`tbcfbs. ta hbtbrdfib tlb cr`hb ae stuhbits
 U`rfaus murrfmukud pbrspbmtfvbs maukh jb tlb maitbit/tapfm wlbi  @ssbssdbit @] kb`rific kb`hs stuhbits ta jbmadb sbke-hfrbmtbh
tlb tb`mlbr `sobh tlb kb`ribrs ta hbefib murrfmukud `ih madpkbtb ` `ih fihbpbihbit kb`ribrs.
d`trfx ai tlb hfeebrbimbs jbtwbbi tr`hftfai`k `ih pracrbssfvb  Eard`tfvb @ssbssdbit7 @ssbssdbit ear kb`rific
murrfmukud. ]udd`tfvb @ssbssdbit7 @ssbssdbit ae kb`rific
 Fhbitfeyfic kb`rific ca`ks `ih ajgbmtfvbs usu`kky madbs efrst fi  Bdpl`sfzb ai sbke-`ssbssdbit. Xb`mlbr ]us`i `ppkfbs tlfs
hbvbkapfic murrfmukud. prfimfpkb jy datfv`tfic lbr stuhbits ta sbt tlbfr pbrsai`k
 Xlb jbst eb`turb ae Xykbr‖s Z`tfai`kb fs tlb pk`iific pl`sb kb`rific ca`ks `ih tr`mos tlbfr pracrbss `c`fist tl`t ca`k.
 @kk tlbsb qubstfais slaukh jb `iswbrbh jy murrfmukud bxmbpt wl`t  @ssbssdbit slaukh jb ai rb`k-warkh `ppkfm`tfai `ih iat ai aut-ae-
qu`kfefm`tfais slaukh tb`mlbrs l`vb1 maitbxt hrfkks. Xa `ppky tlfs prfimfpkb, tb`mlbr Gbradb slaukh
 Drs. U`khbz `sos lbr Cr`hb 0> mk`ss ta rb`h jfacr`plfbs, `ssbss stuhbits‖ Bickfsl ar`k madduifm`tfai sofkks fi `
bimymkapbhf`s, lfstary jaaos `ih tlb kfob hurfic tlbfr erbb tfdb. ]lb cr`hu`tfai pracr`d sfduk`tfai wlbrb b`ml stuhbit l`s
fs ` jbkfbvbr ae tlb plfkasaply pbrbiif`kfsd. spb`ofic `ssfcidbit.
 Lfstarfm`k eauih`tfais slaw tlb mlraiakacfm`k hbvbkapdbit ae  Fe yau bdpl`sfzb ai `ssbssfic lfclbr-arhbr tlfiofic sofkks, yau
murrfmukud, dastky slawi usfic ` tfdbkfib. slaukh cfvb tlb stuhbits prajkbd ta sakvb.

HZ. M@ZK B. J@KFX@ ZBUFBS MBIXBZ XBK. IA. 3=2-8>6</3=2>38> - = -

 @ tb`mlbr slaukh j`sb lfs/lbr `ssbssdbit ai tlb kb`rific  Fi Xb`mlbr Gali‖s
Gali‖s X`jkb ae ]pbmfefm`tfais (XA]), 5> pbrmbit ae tlb
autmadb. 0 cr`hfic tbst ftbds `rb `ppkyfic qubstfais j`sbh ai Jkaad‖s
st

 Fi Autmadbs-J`sbh Bhum`tfai ar Autmadbs-J`sbh Xb`mlfic- t`xaiady. @ rbvfbw ae lfs tbst slaws tl`t 2>% `rb rbdbdjbrfic
Kb`rific, tlb `ssbssdbit t`so slaukh d`tml wftl tlb kb`rific ftbds, :>% `rb `i`kyzfic qubstfais `ih =>% `rb `ppkyfic
autmadb. qubstfais. Xb`mlbr Gali‖s
Gali ‖s tbst HAB] IAX mafimfhb wftl lfs XA].
 ‛Ubry caah. Vau `rb hafic vbry wbkk, Gai`tl`i
Gai`tl`i!—,
!—, s`ys Xb`mlbr w`s  Xb`mlbr ^`uk, `sobh lfs pupfks ta hfspk`y tlbfr pbid`islfp waro fi
rbebrrfic ta Gai`tl`i‖s
Gai`tl`i ‖s warh
w arh prajkbd-sakvfic sofkks. Xlfs fs IAX fi tlb jbcfiific, dfhhkb `ih ib`r tlb bih ae tlb smlaak yb`r.
`mmarh`imb wftl cfvfic spbmfefm ebbhj`mo. Hbvbkapdbit parteakfa fs hfspk`ybh.
 Dfss C`dja` bxpk`fis ta lbr mk`ss7 ‛B`ml aib fs bxpbmtbh ta spbkk  Vau `rb `ppkyfic ear ` tb`mlfic gaj. ]lawm`sb parteakfa slaukh
0> warhs aut ae tbi warhs marrbmtky.
marrbm tky. Xlfs fs ` d`stbry tbst—. Dfss `mmadp`iy yaur `ppkfm`tfai kbttbr.
C`dja`‖s
C`dja` ‖s jbl`vfar fi obbpfic wftl tlb prfimfpkb ta sbt `mmbpt `jkb  F l`vb mlbmo fe dy stuhbits wbrb `jkb ta prahumb tlb bxpbmtbh
st`ih`rhs ae summbss fs marrbmt jbm`usb tlb st`ih`rhs `rb mkb`r. autput `s st`tbh fi dy fitbihbh kb`rific autmadb. F `d fitbrbstbh
 Dr. M`j`kui` maisfhbrs tlb duktfpkb-mlafmb typb ae tbst tlb jbst ta sbb `i `ssbssdbit parteakfa.
`daic tlb wrfttbi typb ae tbst, sa ear `ssbssdbit ae kb`rific lb  @ssbssdbit parteakfa bi`jkbs yau ta hbtbrdfib fe yau rb`kfzbh
usbs aiky duktfpkb-mlafmb typb ae tbst. Fs tlfs fi `mmarh`imb wftl tlb yaur fitbihbh kb`rific autmadb.
prfimfpkb ae `ssbssdbit1  Lakfstfm rujrfm M@IIAX pravfhb spbmfefm ebbhj`mo ear
 Vbs, ear `s kaic `s tlb duktfpkb mlafmb tbsts db`surb kaw `ih lfcl fdpravbdbit.
kbvbk tlfiofic sofkks.  @ lakfstfm rujrfm t`obs kbss tfdb ta mrb`tb avbr tl`t ae `i `i`kytfm
 Vbs, wbkk-earduk`tbh duktfpkb mlafmb tbsts db`surb LAX]. rujrfm.
 Ia, slb slaukh d`ob usb ae v`rfbh taaks ear `ssbssdbit h`t`-  Jbm`usb ae fts i`turb, `i`kytfm rujrfm m`i jb ae crb`tbr
c`tlbrfic. lbkp ear stuhbit sbke-hfrbmtbh kb`rific.
 Ia, slb l`s aiky aib saurmb ae h`t`.  :>% fs tlb pbrmbit`cb maitrfjutfai ae qu`rtbrky `ssbssdbit ta tlb
 @ praebssar habs iat cfvb qufz `t `kk. Xlb stuhbits‖ cr`hbs `rb cr`hb ae tlb stuhbit erad Cr`hbs 0 ta 0>1
j`sbh aiky ai tlb sudd`tfvb `ssbssdbit rbsukts. Lb vfak`tbh `i  Pu`rtbrky `ssbssdbit HAB] IAX l`vb tlb s`db
`ssbssdbit prfimfpkb jbm`usb ear `ssbssdbit h`t` ta jb rbkf`jkb,  pbrmbit`cb wbfclts ear `kk tlb sujgbmts, ear `kk tlb tr`mos fi Cr`hb
ft slaukh madb erad duktfpkb saurmbs. 00-0:.
 D`tmlfic typb, duktfpkb mlafmb `ih `ktbri`tb rbspaisb jbkaic  Fi D@^BL `ih XKB, pbreard`imb t`sos maitrfjutb lb`vfbst ta tlb
ta tlb s`db craup ae tbsts. stuhbit cr`hb.
 Bss`y typb ae tbst db`surbs stuhbit‖s tlfiofic, arc`ifzfic `ih  J`sbh ai tlb pbrmbit`cb maitrfjutfai ta tlb cr`hb, `kk
wrfttbi madduifm`tfai sofkks. madpaibits `rb jbfic bdpl`sfzbh m`i jb fiebrrbh erad tlb
 Xb`mlbr D`rfmlbkkb w`its ta tbst stuhbits‖ `mqufsftfai ae hbmk`r`tfvb HbpBh‖s bdpl`sfs
bdpl`sfs ai kb`rific `ih `ssbssdbit.
oiawkbhcb. ]lart `iswbr tbst fs `ppraprf`tb.  @ stuhbit cbts ` iudbrfm`k cr`hb ae <>. Lfs hbsmrfptar ear lfs kbvbk
 ^breard`imb tbst7 ^symladatar sofkks ae praefmfbimy fs s`tfse`mtary.
a ^`pbr-`ih-pbimfk tbst7 Hbmk`r`tfvb oiawkbhcb  F cbt ` cr`hb ae 6>. Fts hbsmrfptar fs autst`ihfic.
 Xb`mlbr Ufrca w`its ta oiaw law wbkk lfs stuhbits l`vb fdjfjbh  Jbkaw 32% fs hbsmrfjbh `s ‛hfh iat dbbt bxpbmt`tfais—.
tlb vfrtub ae laibsty. Zbekbmtfvb gauri`k ai ‛Law Laibst @d F1 fs  Fe ` stuhbit e`fkbh ta dbbt st`ih`rhs, hfh iat dbbt bxpbmt`tfais
tlb dast `ppraprf`tb taak. hbsmrfptar `ppkfbs.
 Hbsmrfjfic tlb sakutfai fs `i `ssbssdbit t`so dast eft ear kacfm-  Xlb efi`k cr`hb pbr sujgbmt ear Cr`hbs 00 `ih 0: fs ajt`fibh jy
sd`rt kb`ribrs. cbttfic tlb `vbr`cb ae tlb cr`hbs ear tlb : qu`rtbrs.
 Ar`k prbsbit`tfai fs `i `ssbssdbit t`so tl`t waros jbst ear  Slbi ft madbs ta cr`hb madput`tfai fi D@^BL, tlb qu`rtbrky
k`icu`cb-sd`rt kb`ribrs. cr`hb fs tlb `vbr`cb ae tlb qu`rtbrky cr`hbs fi tlb eaur `rb`s ”
 Xlb stuhbits wbrb bxpbmtbh ta jb `jkb ta hbvbkap ` kbssai pk`i Dusfm, @rts, ^lysfm`k Bhum`tfai `ih Lb`ktl (D@^BL)
eakkawfic Autmadbs-J`sbh Bhum`tfai (AJB) prfimfpkbs. J`sbh ai  Xlbrb `rb ia iudbrfm`k cr`hbs fi Ofihbrc`rtbi.
Obih`kk‖s `ih D`rza‖s t`xaiady, tlb fitbihbh kb`rific autmadb fs  @t tlb bih ae tlb smlaak yb`r7 tlb Cbibr`k @vbr`cb fs madputbh
fi oiawkbhcb utfkfz`tfai kbvbk. jy hfvfhfic tlb sud ae `kk efi`k cr`hbs jy tlb tat`k iudjbr ae
 Vau l`vb ta rbdbdjbr tlb stbps fi apbific ` madputbr fe yau w`it kb`rific? b`ml kb`rific `rb` l`s bqu`k wbfclt fi madputfic ear
ta ha ft ai yaur awi. Zbdbdjbrfic tlb stbps fs fi rbtrfbv`k kbvbk ae tlb Cbibr`k @vbr`cb `ih tlb Efi`k Cr`hb pbr kb`rific `rb` `ih
`ssbssdbit. tlb Cbibr`k @vbr`cb `rb rbpartbh `s wlakb iudjbrs.
 Xb`mlbr Gagf‖s fitbihbh kb`rific autmadb fs tlfs7 ‛Fitbrprbt
‛ Fitbrprbt tlb cfvbi  Sla fs rbt`fibh fi tlb s`db cr`hb kbvbk ear Cr`hbs 0 ta 0>1 @iy
pabd—. Xlb `ssbssdbit t`so `kfcibh fs Xb`mlbr X b`mlbr Gagf cfvbs tlb stuhbits wla hfh iat dbbt bxpbmt`tfais fi tlrbb ar darb kb`rific
stuhbits ` wrfttbi tbst `ih `sos tlbd ta p`r`plr`sb tlb pabd. `rb`s
 Xlb tbst ftbd ‛Mk`ssfey
‛Mk`ssfey tlb cfvbi tb`mlfic dbtlahs—
dbtlahs — fs `kfcibh ta  Slbi ` stuhbit fi Cr`hb 0 ta 0> hfh iat dbbt bxpbmt`tfais fi twa
tlb fitbihbh kb`rific autmadb ‛ta sbkbmt tlb t lb `ppraprf`tb tb`mlfic kb`rific `rb`s, lb/slb fs pradatbh ta tlb ibxt cr`hb kbvbk `etbr
dbtlah— p`ssfic rbdbhf`k mk`ssbs ear kb`rific `rb`s wftl e`fkfic d`ro.
 Lbrb fs ` kbssai ajgbmtfvb / fitbihbh kb`rific autmadb7 ‛ Fkkustr`tb  @rb yau ` pbrsai sadbaib m`i kb`i ai1 @rb yau laibst `ih
tlb k`w ae suppky `ih hbd`ih wftl yaur arfcfi`k maimrbtb bx`dp kb—. sfimbrb fi warhs `ih `mtfai1 @rb yau maisfstbit fi yaur `mtfais `ih
Ear maitbit v`kfhfty, tlb tbst ftbd `kfcibh fs fkkustr`tb tlb k`w ae rbspaisbs ta hfeebrbit sftu`tfais1 Vau passbss tlb pbrsai`k qu`kfty
suppky `ih hbd`ih wftl ` maimrbtb, arfcfi`k bx`dpkb. ae rbkf`jfkfty.
 Xb`mlbr Jaic wratb tlfs kb`rific autmadb7 ‛Xa ‛ Xa fitbrprbt ` cfvbi  Ha yau b`sfky cfvb up1 @rb yau daahy, ` kaibr1 Habs prbssurb fi
quat`tfai.— Ear maitbit
maitbit v`kfhfty, lb slaukh `so fitbrprbt Ifbtsmlb‖s waro d`ob yau surrbihbr1 Fs ft hfeefmukt ear yau ta summbbh `etbr yau
st`tbdbit7 ‛Lb wla l`s wly ta kfvb ear m`i jb`r wftl `kdast e`fk1 Ha yau l`vb paar fitr`pbrsai`k rbk`tfaislfp1 Vau k`mo tlb
`iy law.— qu`kfty ae juay`imy.
 @etbr tb`mlfic tlbd tlb prambss ae bxpbrfdbitfic, Xb` mlbr Gbss`  Ha yau jbkfbvb fi yaursbke `ih fi wl`t yau m`i ha1 M`i yau waro
w`itbh lbr stuhbits ta jb `jkb sbt up `i bxpbrfdbit ta efih `i `kaib wftlaut `sofic lbkp erad atlbrs1 Ha yau jbkfbvb fi tlb
`iswbr ta ` smfbitfefm prajkbd. ]lb `sos lbr stuhbits ta sbt up `ih s`yfic7 ‛Ia cuts, ia ckary—1 Vau l`vb tlb qu`kfty ae sbke-
bxpbrfdbit ta efih aut fe `brf`k pk`its m`i `ksa kfvb ai k`ih. maiefhbimb

HZ. M@ZK B. J@KFX@ ZBUFBS MBIXBZ XBK. IA. 3=2-8>6</3=2>38> - 8 -

 @rb yau b`sfky upsbt jy pbtty tlfics1
t lfics1 Ha yau warry ` kat1 Ha yau
p`ifm wlbi prbssurbh1 Ha yau ebbk tl`t yau `rb ta jb jk`dbh1 Vau
k`mo tlb pbrsai`k qu`kfty ae bdatfai`k st`jfkfty.
 Ha yau l`vb lfclbr arhbr tlfiofic `jfkftfbs1 Ha yau bxmbk fi yaur
`jfkftfbs fi `iy ae Law`rh C`rhibr‖s Duktfpkb Fitbkkfcbimbs1 Ha ya u
`mt qufmoky ai prajkbds ae fddbhf`tb maimbri1 Vau passbss
fitbkkfcbimb.
 Xlb rfclt plfkasaplfbs tl`t bvbry tb`mlbr slaukh eakkaw wlbi
tb`mlfic `rb pr`cd`tfsd, pbrbiif`kfsd `ih bxfstbitf`kfsd.
 Dr. H`haja tb`mlbs smfbimb fi tlb Guifar Lfcl ]mlaak. Lb t`uclt
tlb maimbpt tl`t suikfclt fs ibmbss`ry ear tlb pk`its fi tlb prambss
ae platasyitlbsfs. @ppkyfic tlb plfkasaply ae pr`cd`tfsd, Dr.
H`haja slaukh `so stuhbits ta ha sfdpkb bxpbrfdbit `jaut
platasyitlbsfs.
 @ plfkasaply tl`t jbkfbvbs fi prfar kb`rific ar wl`t tlb kb`ribrs
`krb`hy oiaw fs maistrumtfvfsd .
 Jbl`vfarfsd fs ` plfkasaplfm`k tl`t l`s jbbi `imlarbh ai tlb
tlbarfbs tl`t rbk`tb ta trf`k `ih brrar `ih stfdukus `ih rbspaisb.
 Xlb tb`mlbr‖s tb`mlfic plfkasaply fs rbekbmtbh
rbek bmtbh jy tlb mlafmb ae
tb`mlfic dbtlahs.
 @ mk`ssraad tb`mlbr madbs ta smlaak b`rky fi tlb darific `ih
cabs ladb k`tb. Aeefmf`kky, tlb iudjbr ae laurs spbit fi smlaak
slaukh jb < laurs.
 @s rbqufrbh, `kk tb`mlbrs slaukh b`t kuiml `t bx`mtky 0:7>> iaai
jbm`usb ft‖s tlbfr iaai jrb`o. Xlfs st`tbdbit fs ` rukb.
 @s ajsbrvbh, `kk tb`mlbrs fi tlb wlakb smlaak wb`r tlb s`db
smlaak uifeard.
 X`ofic ` i`p `t iaaitfdb fs IAX rbqufrbh ae ` tb`mlbr fi smlaak.
 @sfhb erad tb`mlfic `ih cufhfic tlb kb`ribrs fi tlb mk`ssraad, `
tb`mlbr l`s ta ha atlbr tlfics. Xlfs aib `mtfvfty slaukh jb ta sbb ta
ft tl`t tlb mk`ssraad fs maihumfvb ear kb`rific.
 Xlb madduifty wlbrb tlb smlaak fs kam`tbh fs p`rt ae tlb kb`rific
bivfraidbit.
 Xlb j`r`ic`y aeefmf`ks fe `sobh `s ` rbsaurmbs pbrsai m`i jbst
spb`o ai madduifty cavbri`imb, lb`ktl `ih wbkk-jbfic `ih
kftbr`my pracr`d.
 I`tur`k rbsaurmbs kfob rfvbrs, k`obs, dauit`fis `ih lfkks eauih fi tlb
madduifty m`i jb usbh jbst `s rbsaurmbs fi tb`mlfic smfbimb.
 Ft fs `kw`ys fdpart`it ear ` tb`mlbr ta tr`isebr kb`rific `ih
pr`mtfmbs erad tlb smlaak ta tlb madduifty.
 Xlb madduifty lakhs lfcl rbspbmt ae ` tb`mlbr fe lb/slb fs ` rakb
dahbk
 Xlb dast ml`kkbicfic madpaibits ae tb`mlfic fi `iatlbr mauitry fs
`hgustfic ta muktur`k hfeebrbimbs
 Xb`mlfic fs ` uifvbrs`k vam`tfai. Slbrbvbr tlb tb`mlbr fs `ssfcibh,
lfs ar lbr prfd`ry maimbri fs ta d`ob tlb stuhbits kb`ri.
 Fi tlb :0 st mbitury, tlb e`stbst hbvbkapdbit ar ml`icb tl`t tlb
tb`mlbr slaukh m`tml up wftl `s ` tb`mlbr fs fi tlb usb ae
tbmliakacy, oiawkbhcb ckaj`kfz`tfai `ih pr`mtfmb
makk`jar`tfai.
 Ear ` Efkfpfia tb`mlbr ta summbbh fi tb`mlfic fi tlb mauitry `ih
bksbwlbrb fi tlb warkh, lb ar slb slaukh d`stbr `ih pr`mtfmb tlb
madpbtbimfbs ae tlb IMJX], jb duktfkficu`k `ih duktfmuktur`k
`ih tlfio `ih `mt jatl kam`kky `ih ckaj`kky
 @etbr tlb 06<3 ^lfkfppfib Maistftutfai, tlb efrst kbc`k j`sfs ta d`ob
tb`mlfic `s ` praebssfai `ih maisfhbr tb`mlbrs `rb praebssfai`k
w`s Z@ 3<=5.
 Cr`hu`tbs ae @ssamf`tb fi @rts `rb iat qu`kfefbh ta t`ob tlb
Kfmbisurb Bx`dfi`tfai ear Xb`mlbr (KBX).
 @kk tlb Efkfpfia praebssfai`k tb`mlbrs dust l`vb ` praebssfai`k
tb`mlbr‖s kfmbisb
 Xb`mlbrs `mmbptfic tutarf`k ebbs ear tlb skaw kb`ribrs fi lbr
mk`ss `rb IAX `kkawbh fi tlb Mahb ae tlb Btlfms ear ^raebssfai`k
Xb`mlbrs.

HZ. M@ZK B. J@KFX@ ZBUFBS MBIXBZ XBK. IA. 3=2-8>6</3=2>38> - 2 -