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Dynamics - Types of Forces Notes

The document discusses forces and motion, including types of forces like gravitational, normal, and frictional forces. It also covers topics like circular motion, work, energy, and power. Chapter 2 discusses electromagnetism, including electric forces, fields, potential, potential energy, current, resistance, and circuits.

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Joana Pereira
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46 views3 pages

Dynamics - Types of Forces Notes

The document discusses forces and motion, including types of forces like gravitational, normal, and frictional forces. It also covers topics like circular motion, work, energy, and power. Chapter 2 discusses electromagnetism, including electric forces, fields, potential, potential energy, current, resistance, and circuits.

Uploaded by

Joana Pereira
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dynamics: Forces and Motion

Types of Forces

• Gravitational Force: Attraction between two masses.


• Newton’s Law of Gravitation: 𝐹=𝐺𝑚1𝑚2𝑟2F=Gr2m1m2
• Normal Force: Perpendicular force exerted by a surface.
• Frictional Force: Opposes the relative motion of two surfaces in contact.
• Static and kinetic friction.
• Tension Force: Force transmitted through a string, rope, or wire.
• Applied Force: Force applied by an external agent.

Circular Motion

• Centripetal Force: Force directed towards the center of a circular path.


• 𝐹𝑐=𝑚𝑣2𝑟Fc=rmv2
• Centripetal Acceleration: Acceleration towards the center.
• 𝑎𝑐=𝑣2𝑟ac=rv2

Work, Energy, and Power


Work

• Definition: Product of the force applied and the distance moved by the force in
the direction of the force.
• 𝑊=𝐹⋅𝑑⋅cos⁡(𝜃)W=F⋅d⋅cos(θ)
• Where 𝜃θ is the angle between the force and displacement vector.

Energy

• Kinetic Energy: Energy of motion.


• 𝐾𝐸=12𝑚𝑣2KE=21mv2
• Potential Energy: Stored energy due to position.
• Gravitational Potential Energy: 𝑃𝐸=𝑚𝑔ℎPE=mgh
• Elastic Potential Energy: 𝑃𝐸=12𝑘𝑥2PE=21kx2

Power

• Definition: The rate of doing work.


• 𝑃=𝑊𝑡P=tW
• 𝑃=𝐹⋅𝑣P=F⋅v when force and velocity are in the same direction.

Chapter 2: Electromagnetism
Electric Forces and Fields
Coulomb’s Law

• Definition: The force between two point charges.


• 𝐹=𝑘𝑒𝑞1𝑞2𝑟2F=ker2q1q2
• Where 𝑘𝑒ke is Coulomb’s constant, 𝑞1q1 and 𝑞2q2 are charges, and
𝑟r is the distance between them.

Electric Field

• Definition: A field around a charged object where the force is exerted on other
charges.
• 𝐸=𝐹𝑞E=qF
• 𝐸=𝑘𝑒𝑄𝑟2E=ker2Q for a point charge.

Electric Potential and Potential Energy


Electric Potential Energy

• Definition: The work done to move a charge in an electric field.


• 𝑈=𝑘𝑒𝑞1𝑞2𝑟U=kerq1q2

Electric Potential

• Definition: The electric potential energy per unit charge.


• 𝑉=𝑈𝑞V=qU
• 𝑉=𝑘𝑒𝑄𝑟V=kerQ

Current, Resistance, and Circuits


Electric Current

• Definition: The flow of electric charge.


• 𝐼=𝑄𝑡I=tQ
• Measured in amperes (A).
Resistance

• Definition: The opposition to the flow of current.


• 𝑅=𝑉𝐼R=IV
• Measured in ohms (Ω).

Ohm’s Law

• Equation: 𝑉=𝐼𝑅V=IR

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