Database Connectivity - Part 2

Object Relational Mapping

ADVANCED PROGRAMMING
Lecture 7

Prepared by:
Christopher Panther
 From Last Week - Database Connectivity

What is Database Connectivity?

- Application Programing interfaces (API) that
manages connecting and interacting with
databases.
Mainly relating to Relational Databases
-

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From Last Week - Database Connectivity Types
• JDBC (Java DataBase Connectivity) – Java (Our focus)
• ODBC (Open DataBase Connectivity) – C
- Microsoft
• SQLJ – C, FORTRAN, others
• OLE-DB (Object Linking and Embedding for Database)
- Microsoft
• ADO.NET(ActiveX Data Objects)
- Microsoft
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From Last Week - Database Connectivity (Java)
Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) is the:
- Java API that manages connecting to a database,
issuing queries and commands, and handling result
sets obtained from the database
- JDBC was one of the first components developed
for the Java persistence layer.
- Oriented toward relational databases

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 Relational Database Management Systems
(RDBMS)
Main Features
• Data stored as tables
• Data maybe be present in multiple tables which
can be related to each other
• Multiple data elements can be accessed at same
time
• Other features…
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 Object Relational Mapping (ORM)
• Programming Technique
– Conversion of Data
• Object-Oriented to Relational (Domain Class to Relational)
• Vice Versa
• Data Management
– Primarily with objects
• Concerned with persistence
– Domain objects
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 Object to Relational Mapping
Mapping or Associating a domain/class
object’s data fields/attributes to specific
columns in tables in a Relational
Database

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Object to Relational Mapping
Java objects

Java

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 Object to Relational Mapping Tools - Java
• Hibernate (Our focus)
• Apache OpenJPA
• Ebean
• EclipseLink
• Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB)
• Java Data Objects (JDO)
• Others

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 Object to Relational Mapping Tools -
Microsoft.NET
• Base One Foundation Component Library
• Dapper
• Entity Framework
• LINQ to SQL
• NHibernate
• nHydrate
• Quick Objects
• Others
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 Object-Relational Tools
• ORM API
– Classes, Interfaces and Libraries
– Methods
• ORM Configuration
– Configuration Files
• Define interaction parameters for Database
– Mapping Files
• Map DB tables to OO classes
• Database
– Persistence Layer
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 ORM Advantages
• Rapid Development
– Easier for developer to work in one paradigm
– High Abstraction (concerned with logic)
– SQL Generation
– Reusable
– Special OO Query Language
– Transaction API
• (Unit of Work Pattern) Single transaction that involves multiple
operations of Insert/Update/Delete, etc.
– Automatic Concurrency Management
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 ORM Disadvantages
• Performance Overhead
– Conversion to SQL
• Database only understands SQL
• Timely setup and configuration
• Learning Curve
• Software Bloat
– Extra libraries and API

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 Hibernate 5 (ORM Tool)
• Developed by jBoss
• Download (latest):
https://sourceforge.net/projects/hibernate/files/hibernat
e-orm/5.4.20.Final/hibernate-release-
5.4.20.Final.zip/download
• Pre-requisites:
• Log4j2:
https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.lua/logging/log4j/2.1
3.3/apache-log4j-2.13.3-bin.zip

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 Required for Project
•Hibernate 5

•Log4j2

•MySQL Connector J

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 Setting up Hibernate 5
• Download latest stable release of hibernate
• Unzip downloaded file to the C: drive or a folder
of your choice
• Add the hibernate-release-
5.4.18.Final/lib/required folder to your Class Path
• Restart your system OR logout and log back in

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 Set up Project to use Hibernate
• Create a Java Project
• Add the hibernate-release-5.4.18.Final/lib/required
folder to your project’s Build Path
• Add the Connector J:- mysql-connector-java Jar file to
your Project’s Build Path
• Create the hibernate.cnf.xml Configuration file in your
project’s root directory/src folder

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Hibernate Configuration File
hibernate.cfg.xml

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Consider this ORM – View 1

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Consider this ORM – View 2

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 Using Hibernate in your program
•Two ways to implement Hibernate ORM in
your programs:
1. Using Hibernate-Class Mapping xml files;
and
2. Using Javax class annotation

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Using Hibernate (Method 1)
hbm.xml file Example

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Using Hibernate (Method 2)
Javax Class Annotation

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Using Hibernate API to Setup Connection

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Using Hibernate API to Setup Connection Cont’d

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Create a Record Using Hibernate API

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Update a Record Using Hibernate API

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Delete a Record Using Hibernate API

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 Retrieve Records Using Hibernate API

public List selectAllStaff() {

List staffList = null;
Session session = getSession();
Transaction trans = session.beginTransaction();
staffList = session.createSQLQuery("SELECT * FROM staff").getResultList();
trans.commit();
session.close();
return staffList;
}

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Retrieve Record By Primary Key Using Hibernate API

public Customer selectStaff(int id) {

Session session = getSession();
Transaction trans = session.beginTransaction();
Staff obj = (Staff) session.get(Staff.class, id);
trans.commit();
session.close();
return obj;
}
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 Hibernate Query Language (HQL) -
OO Query Language
• Special Object-Oriented Query Language
• Special Syntax
• SQL Like operations but Not SQL
– Converted to SQL by ORM
• Query Result Constraints
– Clauses in HQL
– Criteria in QBC (Query By Criteria)
– Example in QBE (Query By Example)
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 Query by Criteria Using Hibernate API

public Staff selectStaffQBC(int id) {

Session session = getSession();
Transaction trans = session.beginTransaction();
Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(Staff.class);
criteria.add(Restrictions.like("id", id));
List results = criteria.getResultList();
trans.commit();
session.close();
return (Staff)results.get(0);
}
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 Query By Using Hibernate API

public Staff selectStaffQBE(Staff obj) {

Session session = getSession();
Transaction trans = session.beginTransaction();
Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(Staff.class);
criteria.add(Example.create(obj));
List results = criteria.getResultList();
trans.commit();
session.close();
return (Staff)results.get(0);
}
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HQL Query Using Hibernate API

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Questions

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