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Type - I & II Superconductor

The document compares and contrasts Type-I and Type-II superconductors, listing their key properties such as critical temperature and magnetic field. Type-I superconductors have lower critical values and lose superconductivity abruptly, while Type-II have higher critical values and a mixed intermediate state.

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1K views3 pages

Type - I & II Superconductor

The document compares and contrasts Type-I and Type-II superconductors, listing their key properties such as critical temperature and magnetic field. Type-I superconductors have lower critical values and lose superconductivity abruptly, while Type-II have higher critical values and a mixed intermediate state.

Uploaded by

senkul1222
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Sushamana Sharma

Unit – 4

Superconductivity

Comparison of Type – I and Type – II Superconductors

Based on the behavior and properties of Superconductors, these are classified


into two categories-

(1) Type – I Superconductors: Low Temperature Superconductors.


(2) Type – II Superconductors: High Temperature Superconductors.

Type – I Superconductors Type – II Superconductors


Low critical temperature High critical temperature (typically greater
(typically in the range of 0K than 10K)
to 10K)
Low Critical magnetic field High Critical magnetic field (Typically greater
(Typically in the range of than 1T)
0.0000049 T to 1T)
Perfectly obey the Meissner Partly obey the Meissner effect but not
effect: Magnetic field cannot completely: Magnetic field can penetrate
penetrate inside the material. inside the material
Exhibits single critical Exhibits two critical magnetic field
magnetic field.
Easily lose the Does not easily lose the superconducting state
superconducting state by by external magnetic field. Therefore, type-II
low-intensity magnetic field. superconductors are also known as hard
Therefore, type-I superconductors.
superconductors are also
known as soft
superconductors.
The transition from a The transition from a superconducting state to
superconducting state to a a normal state due to the external magnetic
normal state due to the field is gradually but not shape and abrupt. At
external magnetic field is lower critical magnetic field (HC1), type-II
Sushamana Sharma

sharp and abrupt for type-I superconductor starts losing its


superconductors. superconductivity. At upper critical magnetic
field (HC2), type-II superconductor completely
loses its superconductivity. The state between
lower critical magnetic field and upper
magnetic field is known as an intermediate
state or mixed state.

Due to the low critical Due to the high critical magnetic field, type-II
magnetic field, type-I superconductors can be used for
superconductors cannot be manufacturing electromagnets used for
used for manufacturing producing strong magnetic field.
electromagnets used for
producing strong magnetic
field.
Type-I superconductors are Type-II superconductors are generally alloys
generally pure metals. and complex oxides of ceramics

BCS theory can be used to BCS theory cannot be used to explain the
explain the superconductivity superconductivity of type-II superconductors
of type-I superconductors

These are completely These are not completely diamagnetic


diamagnetic
Sushamana Sharma

These are also called as Soft These are also called as Hard Superconductors
Superconductors
Due to the low critical Due to the high critical magnetic field, type-II
magnetic field, type-I superconductors have wider technical
superconductors have limited applications
technical applications
Examples: Hg, Pb, Zn,etc. Examples: NbTi, Nb3Sn, etc.

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