MATHEMATICS BY ANKIT SIR

SCIENCE ZONE

Test / Exam Name: CHAPTER 1 & 2 Standard: 12TH SCIENCE Subject: MATHEMATICS
Student Name: Section: Roll No.:

Questions: 14 Time: 60 Mins Marks: 25

Q1. Let A = {2, 3, 4, 5, ..., 17, 18}. Let ′ ≃′ be the equivalence relation on A × A, cartesian product of A with 1 Marks
itself, defined by (a, b) ≃ (c, d) if ad = bc. Then, the number of ordered pairs of the equivalence class of
(3, 2) is:​​
A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7
Ans: C 6
Solution:
The ordered pairs of the equivalence class of (3, 2) are {(3, 2), (6, 4), (9, 6), (12, 8), (15, 10), (18, 12)}.
We observe that these are 6 pairs.
Q2. tan−1 3​− 1 Marks
sec−1(−2) is equal to :
a. π
π
b. − ​
3
π
c. ​
3
2π ​
d.
3
Ans:
π
b. − ​
3
tan−1( 3​) = x
3​= tan x
π
tan ​= tan x
π​ 3
=x
3 π
or x = ​
3
Similarly sec−1(−2) = y
−2 = sec y
2π ​
sec = sec y
3
2π ​
y=
3
Now tan−1 3​− sec−1(−2) = x − y
π 2π ​
= ​−
3 3
π
− ​
3
Q3. The domain of cos−1 (x2 − 4) is:​​ 1 Marks
A. [3, 5] B. [−1, 1]
C. [ − 5​, − 3] ∪ [ 3​, 5​] D. [ − 5​, − 3​] ∩ [ 3​, 5​]

Ans: C [ − 5​, − 3] ∪ [ 3​, 5​]

Solution:
Let, cos−1 (x2 − 4) = y
⇒ cos y = x2 − 4
⇒ −1 ≤ x2 − 4 ≤ 1
⇒ 3 ≤ x2 ≤ 5
⇒ ± 3​≤ x ± 5
x ∈ [ − 5​, − 3] ∪ [ 3​, 5​]

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Q4. Choose the correct answer from the given four 1 Marks
options.
33π ​
The value of sin−1 [ cos ( )] is:
5
3π ​
a.
5
−7π ​
b.
5
π​
c.
10
−π ​
d.
10
Ans: undefinedundefined
Solution:
We have, sin−1 [ cos ( 33π
5 )] = sin
​ −1 [ cos (6π + 33π ​)]
5

= sin−1 [ cos ( 3π
5 )]
​

[ ∵ cos(2nπ + θ) = cos θ]
= sin−1 [ cos ( 2π ​+ π ​)]
10
= sin−1 ( − sin 10 )
π ​

= − sin−1 ( sin 10
π ​)
[∵ sin−1(−x) = − sin−1 x]
π ​ [ ∵ sin−1(sin x) = x, x ∈ ( −π ​, π ​)]
= − 10 2 2
Q5. If sin−1 x + sin−1 y + sin−1 z + sin−1 t = 2π, then find the value of x2 + y2 + 1 Marks

z2 + t2
π
Ans: We know that the maximum value of sin−1 x + sin−1 y + sin−1 z and sin−1 t is ​
2
Now,
L.H.S = sin−1 x + sin−1 y + sin−1 z + sin−1 t
π π π π
= ​+ ​+ ​+ ​
2 2 2 2
= 2π = R.H.S
Now,
π π π π
sin−1 x = ​, sin−1 y = ​, sin−1 z = ​ and sin−1 t = ​
π2 π 2 π 2 π 2
⇒ x = sin ​, y = sin ​, z = sin ​ and t = sin ​
2 2 2 2
⇒ x = 1, y = 1, z= 1 and t = 1
∴ x2 + y2 + z2 + t2 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4
Q6. Write the value of sin { π ​− sin−1 ( − 1 Marks
3
1​
)}.
2
Ans: sin { π ​− sin−1 ( − 1 ​)}
3 2
π 1
= sin { ​+ sin−1 ( ​)} {Since, sin−1(−θ) = − sin−1 θ}
3 2
π π π π
= sin { ​+ ​} {Since, sin−1 x = An angle in[ − ​, ​]whose sine is x}
3 6 2 2
π
= sin ( ​)
2
=1
Hence,
π 1
sin { ​− sin−1 ( − ​)} = 1
3 2
Q7. Write the difference between maximum and minimum values of sin−1 x for x ∈ 1 Marks
[−1, 1].
Ans: We have to find the difference between maximum and minimum values of
sin−1 x for x ∈ [−1, 1]
We know that,
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 π π
sin−1 x = An angle in [ − ​, ​] whose sin is x.
2 2
π
So, minimum value of sin−1 x = − ​
π 2
maximum value of sin−1 x = ​
2
Difference between maximum and minimum values of
π π
sin−1 x = ​− ( − ​)
2 2
π π
= ​+ ​
2 2
=π
The required difference = π.
Q8. Find fog and gof if: 1 Marks
f(x) = sin-1x, g(x) =
x2
Ans: f(x) = sin-1x, g(x) = x2
−π ​ π ​
f : [−1, 1] → [ , ]; g : R → [0, ∞)
2 2
Computing fog: Clearly, the range of g is not a subset of the domain of f.
Domain(fog) = {x: x ∈ domain of g and g(x) ∈ domain of f}
Domain(fog) = {x: x ∈ R and x2 ∈ [−1, 1]}
Domain(fog) = {x: x ∈ R and x ∈ [−1, 1]}
Domain of (fog) = [-1, 1]
fog : [-1, 1] → R
(fog)(x) = f(g(x))
= f(x2)
= sin-1(x2)
Computing gof: Clearly, the range of f is a subset of the domain of g.
fog : [-1, 1] → R
(gof)(x) = g(f(x))
= g(sin-1x)
= (sin-1x)2
Q9. Evaluate the 1 Marks
following:
cos−1(cos 12)
Ans: We know that,
⎧
⎪
⎪
−θ, if θ ∈ [−π, 0]
⎪
cos−1 ( cos θ) = ⎨​ ​ if θ ∈ [0, π] ​
θ,
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎩
2π − θ, if θ ∈ [π, 2π]
−2π + θ, if θ ∈ [2π, 3π]
We have
cos−1(cos 12) = cos−1{cos(4π − 12)}
= 4π − 12
Q10. Prove that the function f : N → N, defined by f(x) = x2 + x + 1, is one-one but not 3 Marks
onto.
Ans: f : N → N, defined by f(x) = x2 + x + 1
Injectivity: Let x and y be any two elements in the domain (N), such that f(x) = f(y).
⇒ x2 + x + 1 = y2 + y + 1
⇒ (x2 - y2) + (x - y) = 0
⇒ (x + y)(x - y) + (x - y) = 0
⇒ (x - y)(x + y + 1) = 0
⇒ x - y = 0 [(x + y + 1) cannot be zero because x and y are natural numbers]
⇒x=y
So, f is one-one.
Surjectivity: The minimum number in N is 1.
When x = 1,

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 x2 + x + 1 = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3
⇒ x2 + x + 1 ≥ 3, for every x in N.
⇒ f(x) will not assume the values 1 and 2.
So, f is not onto.
Q11. Prove that: 3 Marks
8​ 3
sin−1 + sin−1 ​=
17 5
−1 77 ​
tan
36
Ans:
8​ 8​
Let sin−1 = x.Then, sin x =
17 17
2
8​ ​ 225 ​ 15 ​
⇒ cos x = 1 − ( ) = = .
17 289 17
8​ 8​
∴ tan x = ⇒ x = tan−1
15 15
8​ 8​
∴ sin−1 = tan−1 … … (1)
17 15
3 3
Now, let sin−1 ​= y.Then, sin y = ​
5 5
2
3 16 ​ 4 ​
⇒ cos y = 1 − ( ​) ​= = .
5 25 5
3​ −1 3​
∴ tan y = ⇒ y = tan
4 4
3 3
∴ sin−1 ​= tan−1 ​… … (2)
5 4
Now, we have:
8​ 3
L.H.S. = sin−1 + sin−1 ​
17 5
8​ 3
= tan−1 + tan−1 ​ [Using (1) and (2)]
15 4
8 ​ 3​
+
= tan−1 15 4 ​
8 ​ 3​
1− ×
15 4
32 + 45 ​ x+y ​
= tan−1 ( ) [ tan−1 x + tan−1 y = tan−1 ]
60 − 24 1 − xy
77 ​
= tan−1 = R.H.S.
36

Let f : N → N be defined by f(n) = {

Q12. n + 1,​ if n is odd ​ 3 Marks
Show that f is a
n − 1, if n is even
bijection.

We have, f(n) = {
Ans: n + 1,​ if n is odd ​
n − 1, if n is even
Injection test:
Case I: If n is odd,
Let x, y ∈ N such that f(x) = f(y)
As, f(x) = f(y)
⇒x+1=y+1
⇒x=y
Case II: If n is even,
Let x, y ∈ N such that f(x) = f(y)
As, f(x) = f(y)
⇒x-1=y-1
⇒x=y
So, f is injective.
Surjection test:
Case I: If n is odd,
As, for every n ∈ N, there exists y = n - 1 in N such that
f(y) = f(n - 1) = n - 1 + 1 = n
Case II: If n is even,
As, for every n ∈ N, there exists y = n + 1 in N such that
f(y) = f(n + 1) = n + 1 - 1 = n
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 So, f is surjective.
So, f is bijection.
Q13. 1 + x2 ​+ 1 − x2 ​​
Prove that tan−1 ( ) = ​+
π 3 Marks
2 ​
1+x − 1−x 2 ​ 4
1​
cos−1 x2.
2
Ans: 1 + x2 ​+ 1 − x2 ​​
We have, tan−1 ( )
1 + x2 ​− 1 − x2 ​
1
Let x2 = cos 2θ ⇒ θ = ​cos−1 x2
2
1 + cos 2θ ​+ 1 − cos 2θ ​​
∴ L.H.S. = tan −1 [ ]
1 + cos 2θ ​− 1 − cos 2θ ​
2 cos2 θ ​+ 2 sin2 θ ​​
= tan−1 [ ]
2 cos2 θ ​− 2 sin2 θ ​
2 ​cos θ + 2 ​sin θ ​
= tan−1 [ ]
2 ​cos θ − 2 ​sin θ
cosθ ​ sinθ ​
+
= tan ( cosθ
−1 cosθ ​)
cosθ ​ sinθ ​
−
cosθ cosθ
1 + tan θ ​
= tan−1 [ ]
1 − tan
π θ
tan ​+ tan θ
= tan −1 [ 4
π
​]
1 − tan ​tan θ
π 4
= tan−1 ( tan ( ​+ θ))
4
1
[ ∵ θ = ​cos−1 x2]
2
π π 1
= ​+ θ = + ​cos−1 x2
4 4 2
x ​, x ∈ R is one-one and onto
Q14. Show that the function f: R → {x ∈ R: –1 < x < 1} defined by f (x) = 4 Marks
1 + ∣x∣
function.
Ans:
x ​, x ∈ R.
It is given that f : R → {x ∈ R : −1 < x < 1} is defined as f (x) =
1 + ∣x∣
Suppose f(x) = f(y), where x, y ∈ R.
x ​= y ​
⇒
1 + ∣x∣ 1 + ∣y∣
x ​ y ​
It can be observed that if x is positive and y is negative, then we have: = ⇒ 2xy = x − y
1+x 1+y
Since x is positive and y is negative:
x>y⇒x-y>0
But, 2xy is negative.
Then, 2xy ​= ̸ x−y
Thus, the case of x being positive and y being negative can be ruled out.
Under a similar argument, x being negative and y being positive can also be ruled out
∴ x and y have to be either positive or negative.
When x and y are both positive, we have:
x ​ y ​
f (x) = f (y) ⇒ = ⇒ x + xy = y + xy ⇒ x = y
1+x 1+y
When x and y both are negative, we have:
x ​ y ​
f (x) = f (y) ⇒ = ⇒ x − xy = y − xy ⇒ x = y
1−x 1−y
∴ f is one-one.
Now, let y ∈ R such that -1 < y < 1.
y ​
If y is negative, then there exists x = ∈ R such that
1+y
y ​ y ​
( )
y ​ 1+y ​ 1+y y
f (x) = f ( )= ∣ y ∣
= -y
​= ​= y.
1+y 1+∣ ​ ​
∣ ​ 1+( )
​ 1 + y − y
∣1 + y∣ 1+y
y ​
If y is positive, then there exists x = ∈ R such that
1+y
y y 5/6
 y ​ y ​
( )
y ​ 1−y ​ 1−y ​ y
f (x) = f ( )= = =
∣ ​ y ​∣ ​ 1 + y ​ 1 − y + y
​= y.
1−y 1+∣ ∣
∣1 − y∣ 1+y
∴ f is onto.
Hence, f is one-one and onto.

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