Scheme of Valuation & Model Answers Code: 20PM01T

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Scheme of Valuation & Model Answers Code: 20PM01T
II Semester Diploma Examination, February / March - 2023

PROJECT MANAGEMENT SKILLS

[Max. marks: 100
Instructions: (i) Answer any ONE full question from each Section –I,II,III,IV,V and marks.
(ii) Each Full question carries 20 marks.
NOTE: Similar / Relevant answers are also to be evaluated as per the Scheme of Valuation

Q. Nos Questions Description Marks

SECTION- I
1(a) Definition of Project- 2 Marks ; Any 3 Examples – 3 Marks 2+3=5
1(b) Any 5 Characteristics-Each 1 Mark 1 x 5=5
1
1(c) Listing -3 Marks ; Explanation of any one project – 2 Marks 3+2 =5
1(d) Any 5 sectors each one 1 Mark 1 x 5=5
2(a) Any 5 benefits of product design- each 1 Mark 1 x 5=5
2(b) Sketch – 3 Marks ; Explanation – 3 Marks 3+3=6
2
2(c) Any 4 advantages – each 1 Mark 1x4=4
2(d) List the project resources- each 1 Mark 1 x 5=5
SECTION- II
3(a) Any 5 prerequisites- each 1 Mark 1 x 5=5
3 3(b) Explanation 5
WBS Level 2 – 4 Marks; WBS Level 3 – 6 Marks
3(c) 4 + 6 = 10
Note : Any general college day event breakdown structure can be considered
4(a) Project Life cycle curve – 2 Marks ; Explanation – 2 Marks 2+2=4

4(b) Listing of phases / stages – each 1 Mark 1x4=4

4
Any four Project risks – 2 Marks ; Explanation of any 2 risk – 2 x 2=4
4(c) 2+4=6
Marks
4(d) Any 6 possible reasons for increase in cost of project – each 1 Mark 1x6=6
SECTION- III
5(a) Any 5 reasons for need of project planning- each 1 Mark 1 x 5=5
5(b) Any 5 reasons for need of project evaluation- each 1 Mark 1 x 5=5
5
Time overrun sheet
5(c) 4
Note : Any other time overrun sheet can be considered
5(d) Any 6 possible reasons for delay in the project – each 1 Mark 1x6=6
6(a) Each step in project control -1 mark 1x6=6
6 Gantt Chart Sketch – 2 Marks; Explanation – 2 Marks
6(b) 4+4=8
Bar Chart Sketch – 2 Marks ; Explanation – 2 Marks
6(c) Any 6 Steps in project review 1x6=6

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Scheme of Valuation & Model Answers Code: 20PM01T
SECTION- IV
7(a) Any 4 tools of project planning – 1 Mark each 1x4=4
7(b) PERT – 2.5 Marks ; CPM – 2.5 Marks 2.5 + 2.5 = 5
7
7(c) Project audit explanation 3
Explanation of Optimistic time – 2 Marks; Most likely time – 2 Marks
7(d) 2x4=8
Pessimistic time – 2 Marks ; expected time – 2 Marks
8(a) Any 4 tools for project control, review , audit 1x4=4
8 8(b) Any 6 differences b/w PERT & CPM 1x6=6
Expected time for each activity – 1.5 x 5 = 7.5 Marks;
8(c) 7.5 +2.5 = 10
Standard deviation – 2.5 Marks
SECTION- V
Definition of Critical path – 2 Marks;
9(a) 2+2+2=6
Total float – 2 Marks; Free float – 2 Marks
9 9(b) Explanation of crashing network 4
Network Construction – 5 Marks; Writing all possible paths – 3 Marks;
9(c) 5 + 3 + 2= 10
Identifying critical path – 2 Marks
10(a) Definition of Digital projects – 2 Marks ; Any 3 Example’s each 1 Mark 2+3=5
10(b) Any 5 present Digital trends in project management- each 1 Mark 1x5=5
10
10(c) Brief Explanation of IoT Applications 5
10(d) Brief Explanation of Cloud Technology Applications 5

Signature of Chief Reviewer/ Paper Setter

(NARAYANA K JANNU)
Lecturer, Department of Mechanical Engineering
170- Government Polytechnic, Harihara
Mobile: 9886855531

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Scheme of Valuation & Model Answers Code: 20PM01T
II Semester Diploma Examination, February / March - 2023

PROJECT MANAGEMENT SKILLS

[Max. marks: 100
Instructions: (i) Answer any ONE full question from each Section –I,II,III,IV,V and marks.
(ii) Each Full question carries 20 marks.
NOTE: Similar / Relevant answers are also to be evaluated as per the Scheme of Valuation

SECTION - I

Q1. 1 (a). Define a project. Mention any three examples for projects you seen. – 5 Marks
Definition:
A project is a temporary, unique and progressive sequence of tasks that must
be completed on time to attain a certain outcome.
OR
Project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product orservice.
OR
A project is a one-shot, time limited goal directed, major undertaking,
requiring commitment of varied skills and requirements.
OR
Project is a work plan which is scientifically devised with the right man for
the right work at the right time to achieve a specific objective within a certain set time frame.
OR
Project is a unique process, consist of a set of coordinated and controlledactivities with start
and finish dates, undertaken to achieve an objective confirming
to specific requirements, including the constraints of time cost andresource. (ISO10006).
Examples for projects:
1. High way road construction projects 7. Information technology projects
2. Metro rail project 8. Educational projects
3. Oil refinery projects 9. Construction of apartments
4. Power projects 10. Conducting national elections
5. Health projects 11. War execution
6. Automotive Manufacturing projects 12. Launching new weapon defense
system etc.

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Scheme of Valuation & Model Answers Code: 20PM01T
1 (b). List any five characteristics of a project. - 5 Marks
Following are some important features of a project:
 Unique in nature. (No two projects are exactly similar)
 Have definite goals (objectives) to achieve
 Require set of resources.
 Have a specific time frame for completion with a definite start and finish.
 Project has a life cycle reflected by start, growth, maturity and decline
 Involves risk and uncertainty
 Require cross-functional teams and interdisciplinary approach.
 Change is an inherent feature in any project throughout its life.

1 (c). Explain different types of projects - 5 Marks

Projects are often categorized in terms of their need speed of implementation as follows:
a. Normal Projects b. Crash Projects c. Disaster Projects

a. Normal Projects
Adequate time is allowed for implementation. All the phases in a project are allowed to take
their normal time, as measured previously Minimum requirement of capital. No sacrifice in
terms of quality.
b. Crash Projects
Requires additional costs to gain time. Maximum overlapping of phases is encouraged.
Simultaneous work, by subcontracting is the way out
c. Disaster Projects
These are projects, undertaken, due to unexpected nature’s calamities or fury like floods
results in rehabilitation of dwelling houses for affected people. Anything needed to gain time
is allowed in these projects. Round the clock work is done at the construction site. Capital
cost will go up very high. Project time will get drastically reduced.
1 (d). Give an outline about different sectors where project opportunities are available as
a project manager / project consultant. - 5 Marks
 Construction Sector  Marketing and sales
 Manufacturing Sectors  Supply chain management
 Production fields  IT Sectors – cyber security etc.
 Health care  Education sectors
 Power Generation  Defense
 Automotive / aerospace  Refinery Sector

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Scheme of Valuation & Model Answers Code: 20PM01T
Q2. 2 (a). List the benefits of project design stage in execution of projects. - 5 Marks
Project design is useful to the entrepreneurs in the following ways:
1. It gives a comprehensive idea about the entire project- described in every phase along
with the time schedule within which it has to be completed.
2. It is a diagrammatic representation of the work plan designed to execute the project,
after adjusting the usual delays that may arise in the implementation of the project
3. The various constituent activities of the project are narrated in sequence to highlight the
various phases of the project.
4. It enables to identify the knowhow of events which must take place for the successful
completion of the project.
5. It helps entrepreneurs in coordinating project activities.
6. It serves as an effective tool of planning and implementation of a project.
7. It helps managers to plan the project economically

2 (b). Explain Generalized work breakdown structure (WBS) with a neat sketch.
– 6 Marks

Fig. Work Breakdown Structure

 A Project is a combination of interrelated activities which must be performed in a
certain order for its completion. The process of dividing the project into these
activities is called Work Breakdown Structure (W.B.S.). The connection between each
activities is established and implemented in a project. The number of activities or the
size of each activity will depend upon the level of detail desired
 The work breakdown structure represents a systematic and logical breakdown of the
project into its component parts such as activities. It is constructed by dividing the
project into its major parts, with each of these being further divided into sub-parts.
This is continued till a breakdown is done in terms of manageable units of work for
which responsibility can be defined.

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Thus the work breakdown structure helps in:
 Effective planning by dividing the work into manageable elements which can be
planned, budgeted, and controlled
 Assignment of responsibility for work elements to project personnel and outside
agencies.
 Development of control and information system
2 (c). Mention any four advantages of effective project team. - 4 Marks
1. Clear objective of the project from the initiation to 'completion.
2. Good decision making process, which speeds up the activities.
3. Clear roles, responsibilities and leadership.
4. Ensures smooth progress of the project without overlapping.
5. Leadership roles are shared by the team head.
6. Trust, co-operation, support and constructive conflict or feedback.
7. Individual and mutual accountability for performance results.
2 (d). Prepare a list of project resources needed for construction of residential building.
- 5 Marks
1. Different categories of Workforce – supervisor, construction worker, engineer
2. Construction equipment’s such as bulldozers etc.
3. Building materials for construction such as Wood, cement, metals, bricks, concrete,
clay etc.
4. Money (Finance)
5. Land for construction

SECTION - II

Q3. 3 (a). Collect the perquisites for any successful project implementation - 5 Marks
Some of the important prerequisites are
1. Adequate formulation,
2. Sound project organization,
3. Proper implementation planning,
4. Advance action,
5. Timely availability of funds,
6. Judicious equipment tendering and procurement,
7. Better contract management,
8. Effective monitoring.

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Scheme of Valuation & Model Answers Code: 20PM01T
3 (b). Explain project execution plan (PEP) - 5 Marks
The Project Execution Plan is the governing document that establishes the means to execute,
monitor, and control projects. It is a document that describes the objectives we want to achieve
in a company with the time and resources needed along with the costs, quality, benefits, etc.
PEP includes four sub-plans. These are:
1. Contracting Plan
2. Work packing Plan
3. Organization Plan
4. Systems and Procedure Plan
3 (c). Prepare a detailed work breakdown structure for conducting college annual day
program of your institution. – 10 Marks

Fig. Work breakdown structure for College Annual Day Event

Note: Any general college day event breakdown structure can be considered
Q4. 4 (a). Explain with a neat sketch project life cycle curve. - 4 Marks
Product life cycle curve is a parabolic pattern of indicative of growth, maturity and decline.
This curve helps a project manager to ascertain the state of health of any project at any point of
time.

Fig. Project Life cycle curve

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4 (b). List the various stages in project management life
cycle - 4 Marks
The four phases of project life cycle are,
1. Initiation
2. Planning
3. Execution
4. Closure or Termination
Fig. Various phases of project life cycle
4 (c). Explain the different types of project risks associated with any project. - 6 Marks
Risk is defined as the possibility of an outcome being different from the expected outcome. It
refers to the possibility of adverse results flowing from the uncertainty involved in carrying
out the activities. The element of risk is inherent in every activity of a project. All projects
are exposed to various types of risks.
1. Technical Risks: Technical risks refer to changes in technical specifications of the
product results in loss.
2. Social Risks: Social risks refer to risks arising from changes in the needs and
preferences of customers. Lack of necessary natural resources, labour unrest, agitations
and social movements against the project also constitute social risks.
3. Economic Risks: Economic risks refer to an increase in the rate of inflation, changes in
the economic policies of governments.
4. Political Risks: Nationalisation or privatisation of a particular industry, political
instability, and trade restriction are some examples of political risks. The project
manager should ensure that the project does not go against the political interests of the
country.
5. Production Risks: Production risks refer to the shortage of necessary raw materials,
sudden breakdown of key machinery and huge rise in installation and maintenance
costs.
6. Marketing Risks: Marketing risks refer to failure of the developed product or service in
the market due to changes in market demand, errors in forecasting of demand, or
difficulties in distribution.
7. Financial Risks: Financial risks refer to bad debts, change in the interest rate, wrong
choice of investments and mistakes in the accounting procedures.
8. Human Risks: Human risks refer to the sudden demise of key employee, limited
availability of skilled employees, inter-group politics, etc.

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Scheme of Valuation & Model Answers Code: 20PM01T
4 (d). A state highway project was planned to implement with an estimated budget of 50
crores. However, after the completion of the project, it was found that the project total
cost was 55 crores. Analyze the possible reasons for the increase in cost of the project.
- 6 Marks
The possible reasons for the given project cost overruns
1. Unplanned expansion of the project scope. 6. Improper project team building.
2. Inaccurate initial cost estimation. 7. Wrong choice of equipment
3. Failures in project performance. 8. Incompetent material suppliers.
4. Errors in project design. 9. Time overrun.
5. Improper risk management.

SECTION - III

Q5. 5 (a). State the need of project planning in project management. - 5 Marks
Project Planning is all about designing effective policies and methodologies in order to attain
or fulfil project deliverables or project scope or project objectives. Project planning is
thinking before doing. Reasons for need of project planning are:
1. To completely define all work requested so that it will be readily identifiable to each
project participant
2. To eliminate or reduce uncertainty
3. To improve efficiency of the operation
4. To obtain a better understanding of the objectives
5. To provide a basis for monitoring and controlling work
5 (b). Why project evaluation needed in project management cycle. - 5 Marks
Project Evaluation is a step-by-step process of collecting, recording and organizing
information about project results, including short-term and longer-term project outcomes
Reasons for need of project evaluation are:
Project evaluation provides answers to several aspects such as:
• Progress made.
• Effective and efficient use of resources.
• Desired output achieved.
• Improvements to be made for better outcome.
• Success factors
• Whether the results justify the input etc.

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Scheme of Valuation & Model Answers Code: 20PM01T
5 (c). Draw a typical time overrun analysis sheet - 4 Marks

Project
Sl. Project Estimated Time % of time Reasons for
actual
No. Description time Overrun Overrun time overrun
time

1. Shopping mall 12 Months 15 Months 3 Months  

Showroom & 
2. 10 Months 16 Months 6 Months 
office

3. IT Park 18 Months 22 Months 4 Months  

4. House 2 Months 12 Months 10 Months  

Office 
5. 8 Months 12 Months 4 Months 
Complex

Note: Any other time overrun sheet can be considered

5 (d). A shopping mall construction project was planned with an estimated time duration
of 18 months. However, the project took 24 months for its completion. Evaluate the
possible reasons for the delay project in the project. - 6 Marks
The possible reasons for the given project time overruns
1. A change in the scope of the project.
2. Ineffective project time management.
3. Delays in starting and executing some of the project activities.
4. A delay in one project, results in delays in subsequent projects.
5. Use of outdated technology.
6. Political interference.
7. Poor administration.
8. Poor planning.

Q6. 6 (a). Write the steps required in any project control. - 6 Marks
There are two important steps in the project control viz;
1. Establishment of controls.
2. On-going controlling activities using above controls. - It is nothing but controlling a
project when it enters the production period using the controls established during the
initiation period.Control during the production period involves four steps. They are

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3. Setting targets for what should be achieved.
4. Measurement of what is happening including anticipation of what may happen.
5. Comparison between what should happen and what is happening or likely to happen.
6. Taking corrective actions to make things happen, as they should. These four steps
should fellow each other till the work is completed.
6 (b). Explain Gantt chart and Bar chart with suitable example. - 8 Marks

Fig. Gantt Chart Fig. Bar Chart.

Gantt Chart:
 Gantt Chart is the oldest formal planning tool designed by Henry Gantt in 1993. Under
this, the activities of project are broken down into a series of well-defined jobs of short
duration whose cost and time can be estimated. It is a picture in which the activities /
jobs are represented by horizontal bars in the time axis. The length of the bar indicates
the estimated time for the job/ activity. The left hand end of the bar shows the
beginning time, the right hand the ending time. The manpower required for the activity
is shown by a number on the bar.

Bar charts:
 Bar charts are the two-dimensional pictorial representation of a project. In a bar chart,
the activities of the project are shown on one axis and their durations are represented
on the other axis. The bars can be plotted vertically or horizontally. A vertical bar
chart is sometimes called a column chart.
 A bar chart helps to review the project progress, allows for rescheduling the project
and highlights the critical activities and other bottlenecks in the completion of the
project. A bar chart, however, is normally suited to small projects. It cannot take into
account the uncertainties in activity duration nor represent the interrelationships
between the various activities of the project.

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6 (c). Mention the various steps involved in any project review - 6 Marks
The various steps involved in any project review are
1. Initial review
2. Performance evaluation
3. Abandonment analysis
4. Behavioral issues in project management
5. Administrative aspects of capital budgeting
6. Evaluating the capital budgeting system of organization

SECTION - IV

Q7. 7 (a). List the various tools available for project planning. - 4 Marks
The various tools available for project planning are,
1. Gantt Charts
2. Bar Charts
3. Flow Charts
4. Time estimates
5. Product design print
6. Network Diagrams
7. CPM – Critical Path Method
8. PERT – Project Evaluation & Review technique.
9. WBS- Work Breakdown Structure
10. Velocity Diagrams

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Scheme of Valuation & Model Answers Code: 20PM01T
7 (b). Explain network techniques with an illustration. - 5 Marks
A network (also called network diagram or network technique) is a symbolic representation of
the essential characteristics of a project. PERT and CPM are the two most widely applied
techniques.
(i). Programme Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
It uses event oriented network in which successive events are joined by arrows. It is preferred
for projects that are non-repetitive and in which time for various activities cannot be precisely
predetermined. There is no significant past experience to guide; they are once-through projects.
Launching a new product in the market by a company, research and development of a new war
weapon, launching of a satellite, sending space craft to Mars are PERT projects. Three time
estimates — the optimistic time estimate, the pessimistic time estimate and the most likely
time estimate are associated with each and every activity to take into account the uncertainty in
their times.

(ii). Critical Path Method (CPM)

It uses activity oriented network which consists of a number of well recognised jobs, tasks or
activities. Each activity is represented by arrow and the activities are joined together by events.
CPM is generally used for simple, repetitive types of projects for which the activity times and
costs are certainly and precisely known. Projects like construction of a building, road, bridge,
physical verification of store, yearly closing of accounts by a company can be handled by
CPM. Thus it is deterministic rather than probabilistic model

Fig. PERT Fig. CPM

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Scheme of Valuation & Model Answers Code: 20PM01T
7 (c). What is project audit program in project management? - 3 Marks
The Project audit programme is preliminary examination of the project's Organization,
administration, record keeping- costs, planning and control, working methods, quality aspects
and techniques performed in order to establish project current and future status from time to
time.

7 (d). Explain the following time estimates - 8 Marks

i. Optimistic time (to): The optimistic time is the time required to complete the
activity if no hurdles or complications arise.
ii. Most likely time (tm): The most likely time is the time in which the activity is
most likely to be completed. This estimates takes into consideration normal
circumstances, making allowances for some unforeseen delays.
iii. Pessimistic time (tp): The pessimistic time is the time required if unusual
complications or unforeseen difficulties arise.
iv. Expected Time (te): Expected time is the mean time that the activity is expected to
consume while executed.
𝒕𝒑 𝟒𝐭𝐦 𝐭𝐨
te =
𝟔
Q8. 8 (a). List the various tools available for project control, Review and audit - 4 Marks
The various tools available for project control, Review and audit are,
1. Gantt Charts
2. Bar Charts
3. Flow Charts
4. Milestone Charts
5. Network Diagrams
6. CPM – Critical Path Method
7. PERT – Project Evaluation &
Review technique.
8. WBS- Work Breakdown Structure
9. Project Documentation

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Scheme of Valuation & Model Answers Code: 20PM01T
8 (b). Write the differences between PERT & CPM. - 6 Marks

Sl.
PERT CPM
No.
It is appropriate where the time It is appropriate when the time
1 estimates are uncertain in the duration estimates are found with certainty in
of activities. the duration of activities.
It uses three time estimates for It uses only one-time estimate for the
2
the performance of an event. Activity and which is constant
3 It is concealed with the events. It is concealed with the activity.
4 It is suitable for non-repetitive projects. It is suitable for repetitive projects.
5 It can be analyzed statistically. It cannot be analyzed statistically.
6 Time is the direct controlling factor. Cost is the direct controlling factor.
The circle stands for an event and the The circle stands for an activity and the
7 line connecting the circles represents an line joining the circles represents an
activity. events
It is applied to research development
8 It is applied to the construction.
industries.

8 (c). The three time estimates (to), (tm), (tp) for each activity in a project are given below.
Determine the expected time for each activity and also calculate the standard deviation
of the project. – 10 Marks

Time Estimates
Activity
to tm tp Note:
1-2 9 12 21 to - Optimistic Time
1-3 6 12 18 tm - Most Likely Time
2-4 1 1.5 5 tp - Pessimistic Time
3-4 4 8.5 10 te - Expected Time
2-5 10 14 24

Time Estimates Expected Time Variance

for each activity for each activity
Activity 2
to tm tp t p  4tm  to  t p  to 
te  V   
2

6  6 
1-2 9 12 21 13 4
1-3 6 12 18 12 4
2-4 1 1.5 5 2 0.4444
3-4 4 8.5 10 8 1
2-5 10 14 24 15 5.4444

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Standard Deviation of project (  ):
2
 t p  to 
V   
2

 6 
  4  4  0.4444  1  5.4 4 44
  3.8586

SECTION - V
Q9. 9 (a). Define critical path, total float and free float. – 6 Marks

 Critical path:

Critical path is the longest sequence of connected activities through the network. Critical path
has zero slack time. The activities in the critical path are called critical activities. They are
critical in the sense that delay in any of the activities results in the delay of completion of
project.

 Total Float:

It is the difference between maximum time available to perform the activity and activity
duration. The maximum time available for any activity is from the earliest start time to latest
completion time.

 Free Float:

Free float is the time by which completion of an activity can be delayed without delaying its
immediate successor activities.

9 (b). Explain crashing project duration through network techniques. - 4 Marks

Each activity of the project consumes some resources and hence has cost associated with it. In
most of the cases cost of an activity will vary to some extent with the amount of time
consumed by the activity. The cost of total project, which is the aggregate of the activity costs
will also depend upon the project duration. Thus by increasing the costs, the project duration
can be cut down to some extent. The aim is always to strike a balance between the costs and
time and to obtain an optimum project schedule. An optimum project schedule implies lowest
possible cost and the associated time for the project. The total cost of any project consists of
the direct and indirect costs involved in its execution.
Often there may be compelling reasons to complete the project earlier than would be the case

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with the duration of the critical path computed on the basis of normal expected activity times.
Examples are war situations or market introduction of a new product. The motive in hastening
the project might be to ensure that the competitors do not steal a march. Also the
managements often want to reduce the target time so that the saved time can be used for some
extra work in such situations, our concern is to find the project cost if some or all the
activities are crashed from the knowledge of the normal direct cost and crashed direct cost,
the cost slope for each Activity can be determined. If the indirect cost per unit time is known,
the total cost of the project can be found by adding the direct and indirect costs.
The normal time (Tn) for the completion of the project will be the sum of the normal time
durations of the critical activities and the normal direct cost (Cn) of the project will be the
sum of the normal cost of all the activities since each and every activity has to be executed to
complete the project.
The minimum time (Tc) that the project will take for its completion will be sum of the
crashed time durations of the activities along the critical path. If all the activities (critical as
well as non-critical) are crashed, the cost will be very high without any additional advantage
over and above the one obtained by crashing only the critical activities. Therefore, the non-
critical activities need not be expedited since their crashing is not going to decrease the
project duration further.
However, in the process of crashing the critical activities, it may so happen that some of the
non-critical activities become critical, It is, therefore, essential to proceed step by step,
crashing one activity at a time and examine whether any other non-critical activity has also
become critical. Obviously, first the critical activity with minimum cost slope should be
selected for crashing and then the critical activity with next higher cost slope and so on till all
the critical activities are fully crashed or no further crashing is possible.
The time-cost trade-off method consists of systematic analysis of the project time and cost At
each step of crashing, the direct cost is calculated; it would naturally be higher than the
normal direct cost as it includes the additional cost of crashing too. However, the indirect cost
will reduce as the project duration has been reduced. The total cost is then found at each step.
A table or a curve may be constructed between the total cost and time. It is found that as the
project duration is decreased, the total cost may also decrease, reaching the minimum value,
beyond which it may increase. This minimum cost is called the optimum project cost and the
corresponding time, optimum project time. In emergencies and during sudden rush of orders
from the customers. the crashing may be further continued to get the minimum or crash
project time and the corresponding crash cost.

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9 (c). The following activities constitute a project. Construct the network to represent
the project and also identify the critical path. Also Write all the project paths possible

Activity Duration ( Days )

1-2 8
1-3 8
1-4 10
2-4 10
2-6 16
3-5 18
3-6 14
4-5 17
5-6 9
- 10 Marks

Fig. Network Diagram of a project

The various paths of the network and their duration are;

Path Duration ( Days)

1-2-6 8+16 = 24
1-2-4-5-6 8+10+17+9= 44
1-4-5-6 10+17+9= 36
1-3-5-6 8+18+9=35
1=3-6 8+14=22

The Path: 1-2-4-5-6, the longest in time takes 44 days, Therefore, is the Critical path. It is
represented by Double lines in Network Diagram.

Note: Any other network method to find critical path other tan this also can be considered.

Page 22 of 27 Project Management Skills [Turn over

Scheme of Valuation & Model Answers Code: 20PM01T
Q10. 10 (a). What are Digital Projects? Give any three examples of Digital projects - 5 Marks
Digital projects are modern day software projects that predominantly use digital technologies
such as Big Data technologies, Augmented reality and virtual reality (AR & VR), Artificial
intelligence (AI) technologies, cloud computing technologies, experience platforms,
enterprise portals, content management systems (CMS), commerce platforms, user experience
technologies, mobile technologies, search, analytics, and collaboration etc. to achieve high-
quality deliverables.
These digital projects are mainly executed through an Agile methodology or in iterations to
attain faster time to market.
Examples of Digital projects are
1. Karnataka LMS Portal by Govt. of Karnataka Which uses content management systems
(CMS)
2. Unified University college management system (UUCMS) by Govt. of Karnataka
3. Digitization of existing banking processes, Development of next generation online
banking platform, digital bank office, virtual branch, digital wallets, etc.
4. Media and entertainment sector service providers such as Netflix, Amazon do analysis on
data collected on their users
5. Online Educational Service providers, Vedanta, Byzus, Coursera etc.
6. Digitization of Identity – Aadhaar Card Project
7. Automatic Driving car by Audi Volvo, cruise control in cars
8. Smart Traffic system
9. Robotics Digital project in hospitals, healthcare
10. Tracking customer spending habit shopping behavior in retail stores like amazon, flip kart,
reliance, big bazaar etc.
11. Ola, Uber, Zomoto, Swiggy, Movie tickets using Book my Show, Rapido etc.
12. Smart Pollution Control, Smart traffic control, autonomous cars.
13. Smart Home Automation
14. Government of Karnataka Digital Initiatives such as, e-Office, e-PAR, e-Procurement,
HRMS, Bhoomi, Nondani, State Scholarship Portal (SSP), Khajane–II, e- Udyami,
Seva Sindhu
15. Government of India Digital initiatives such as, Digi locker, Direct Benefit transfer,
National Academic Depository, ICT Learning missions – NPTEL, Swayam, National
Digital Library(NDL)
Note: If any other relevant examples can be considered

Page 23 of 27 Project Management Skills [Turn over

Scheme of Valuation & Model Answers Code: 20PM01T
10 (b). Identify the digital trends in project management - 5 Marks
As the digital technology ecosystem is continuously evolving. organizations need to
constantly look out for modern digital technologies to realize their digital vision.
The main current trends in the digital space are given here:
1. Location-based analytics: Using location-based services, organizations want to push
personalized, relevant, and effective campaigns and services.
2. Social channel utilization and touch point optimization: Organizations want to engage
their customers at all touch points (web, offline, kiosk, mobile, social media, IVR, etc.).
Due to increased popularity of social media platforms, organizations use them for the
voice of customer channels, brand marketing, campaigns, etc.
3. Mobile-first and cloud-first strategies: Digital platforms are built with mobile devices as
their primary delivery platforms. The applications are deployed increasingly on the cloud
to realize the “software-as service” model.
4. Intuitive user experiences: Seamless and integrated cross-channel enabled content with
dashboard views, unified views, 360-degree activity views, and rich, real-time
visualizations are becoming the norm in the user experience space. Good customer
experiences bring trust and loyalty.
5. Digital marketing: Organizations are leveraging social media platforms to market their
products such as Insurance etc.and brands. Peer recommendations and peer approval play
a major role in influencing customers.
6. Analytics: Real-time analytics of user actions and analysis of historical data will be used
for contextual recommendation and for personalizing the experience.
7. Banking: Digital banking, omni-channel experience, personalization, dashboard
experience, virtual branch, self-service tools, social media engagement, analytics, mobile
apps, digital payments, and digital wallets.
8. Retail: Virtual assistant, AI-based smart recommendations, chat bot, augmented reality,
mobile apps, Big Data, IoT, wearables, cloud delivery (SaaS), social media marketing,
social listening, user enablement, targeted marketing, loyalty management, digital
marketing, customer segmentation, and voice of customers.
9. Utilities: Dashboard experience, self-service, process automation, real-time monitoring,
dashboard view, and analytics.
10. Life sciences: Business intelligence, mobile apps, CRM, ERP applications, wearables,
IoT, and reporting.
11. Automobile: IoT and telematics.
12. Other digital technologies: Organizations are increasingly investing in Big Data, IoT, and

Page 24 of 27 Project Management Skills [Turn over

Scheme of Valuation & Model Answers Code: 20PM01T
wearables for applicable use cases

10 (c). Discuss the use of IoT application in Digital project management. - 5 Marks

Fig. IoT Applications

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical objects/devices such as appliances,
vehicles etc. that are fitted with sensors, software and other technologies Connected to the
Internet, these ‘things’ are able to exchange real time data with other connected devices and
systems over networks. These connected devices combine with automated systems to gather
IoT data that can be analyzed to assist with tasks.

Over 9 billion ‘Things’ (physical objects) are currently connected to the Internet, as of now.
In the near future, this number is expected to rise to a whopping 20 billion.

Applications of Internet of Things (IoT):

1. Connected vehicles such as Autonomous driving cars

2. Connected Health – monitoring BP and Heart rate, Wearables in fitness control

3. Smart Grids with Energy management capability

4. Smart cities - to assist the infrastructure planning of an entire smart city, air quality
monitoring, Earthquake detection, Radiation detection/hazardous gas detection

5. Smart Building – Reducing Energy consumption

6. Smart homes / Home automation such as, auto lighting and electricity monitoring,
Home security systems, Smart Air conditioning systems, Smart Washing machine.

7. Industrial IoT used in manufacturing, healthcare, retail, automotive

8. Agriculture for weather monitoring, soil content monitoring

Page 25 of 27 Project Management Skills [Turn over

Scheme of Valuation & Model Answers Code: 20PM01T
9. Transport – Smart Traffic control, Smart parking control, smart roadside assistance

10. Military applications for data collection of battle field

11. Voice assisted devices such as Alexa, Google, Siri etc.

10 (d). Discuss cloud computing technology application in digital project management.

- 5 Marks

Fig. Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is the on-demand delivery of IT resources over the Internet with pay-as-you-
go pricing. Instead of buying, owning, and maintaining physical data centers and servers, (IT
infrastructure) you can access technology services, such as computing power, storage, and
databases, on an as-needed basis from a cloud provider such as Google Cloud, Amazon Web
Services (AWS).
It eliminates the need for enterprises to procure, configure, or manage resources themselves,
and they only pay for what they use.
Benefits of cloud computing:

1. Agility - The freedom to experiment, test new ideas to differentiate customer experiences,
and transform your business.
2. Elasticity- scale the resources up or down to instantly grow and shrink capacity as your
business needs change.
3. Lower IT costs (Cost savings)- The cloud allows you to trade fixed expenses (such as data
centers and physical servers) for variable expenses, and only pay for IT as you consume it.
Plus, the variable expenses are much lower than what you would pay to do it yourself
because of the economies of scale.
4. Deploy globally in minutes-With the cloud, can expand to new geographic regions and
deploy globally in minutes. For example, AWS has infrastructure all over the world, so can
deploy your application in multiple physical locations with just a few clicks.

Page 26 of 27 Project Management Skills [Turn over

Scheme of Valuation & Model Answers Code: 20PM01T
Applications of cloud computing:

1. Healthcare companies are using the cloud to develop more personalized treatments for
patients.
2. Financial services companies are using the cloud to power real-time fraud detection and
prevention.
3. Video game makers are using the cloud to deliver online games to millions of players
around the world.
4. IT companies use data backup, Disaster recovery- Rather than building more data centers
to ensure continuity during disasters, businesses use cloud computing to safely back up
their digital assets.

-: CERTIFICATE: -
It is Certified that the Model answers prepared by me for the paper and paper code:
Project Management Skills - 20PM01T are from prescribed text books and model answers and scheme
of valuation prepared by me are correct.

Signature of Chief Reviewer/ Paper Setter

(NARAYANA K JANNU)
Lecturer, Department of Mechanical Engineering
170- Government Polytechnic, Harihara
Mobile: 9886855531

NOTE: Similar / Relevant answers are also to be evaluated as per the Scheme of Valuation

Page 27 of 27 Project Management Skills [Turn over

2715 Register
Number
Code: 20PM01T

lI Semester Diploma Examination, March/April-2022

PROJECT MANAGEMENT SKILLS
Time:3 Hours] Max. Marks : 100
Instructions: (1) Answer all the sections.
(2) Sections I and VI carries 10 marks each.
3) Sections II, I , IV and V carries 20 marks each.

SECTION-I
1. (a) Define project and mention any two projects you see in daily ife 2
OR
Mention any two features of a project.

(b) Define the meaning of project management.

OR
List the different types of projects.
(c) Explain the role of project manager.
OR
Explain the role of projects consultants.

(d) Describe the project management process. 3

OR
Analyse the difference between project and operation.

SECTION-II
2. (a) Define project administration and mention any two tools used in project
administrative system. 4
OR
Mention the types of project teams and write atleast two advantages of
effective team.
(b) Explain the use of project design concept in any project and discuss the steps
involved in it.
OR
Describe the use of Project Procedure Manual (PPM) and Project Execution
Plan (PEP) for the successful implementation of the project.

1 of 4 [Turn ovver
20PM01T of 4 2715
5
(c) Develop a Work Breakdown structure for the construction ofa collegebuilding,.
OR
Develop a Work Breakdown structure for the software development project.

(d) Analyse the importance of communication in a project. 5

OR
Analyse the prerequisites for successful project implementation.

SECTION-II|
3. (a) List the different phases of project management life cycle. 4

OR
List any four components of project planning.

(b) As a project manager, discuss the Cost management and Quality management. 6

OR
As a project manager, discuss the change management and procurement
management.

(c) Discuss the application of sensitivity analysis technique for the assessment of
risk. 5

OR
Discuss the application of scenario analysis technique for the assessment of
risk.

(d) A state highway project was planned to implement with an estimated budget of
40 crores. However, after the completion of the project, it was found that the
project total cost was 45 crores. Analyse the possible reasons for the increase in
cost of the project.

OR

A shopping mall construction project was planned with an estimated time

duration of 18 months. However, the project took 24 months for its completion.
Evaluate the possible reasons for the delay in the project.
20PM01T 3 of 4 2715

SECTION-IV
4. (a) Write the functions of project planning. A
OR
List the tools used for project planning.
(b) Briefly explain time estimate and its components. 6
OR
Describe situation analysis and mention atleast six techniques to collect
information to conduct situation analysis.

(c) Explain the application of "SMART" tool for setting goals and objectives.
OR
Describe the application of Gantt chart for project planning.

(d) Analyse the importance of project objectives and policies.

OR
Analyse the importanee of project evaluation.

SECTION-V
5. (a) List any four purposes of project contro.
OR

List any four objectives of project review.

(b) Explain theproject audit program. 6
OR
Explain the two ways of conducting performance evaluation.

(c) Explain the application of eritical path method (CPM) in project management.
OR
Explain the application of Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
in project management.

(d) Construct a network diagram for a project whose activities and their
predecessor relationship are given below.

Activity ABCD E FGH JK K

Predecessor A D EE |H,I
B B C D H,IF,G
|E,G
OR

Turn over
20PM01T 4 of 4 2715
Develop the network diagram for the following activities with corresponding
time estimate.

Time estimate
Activity
m
1-2 9 12 21
1-3 6
12 18
2-4 1.5 5
3-4 4 8.5 10
2-510 14 24
4-5 1
2 3
SECTION-VI
6. (a) Discuss the application of cloud
technology in project management.
OR
Discuss the application of Internet of Things (lOT) in project management.
(b) Discuss on how smart city projects can be
technologies. developed using digital
5
OR
Discuss on how digital technologies can be used in Education.
 Diploma Examinations, MarlApr-2022
II Semester
PROJECT MANAGEMENT SKILLS (20PMO1T)
Scheme of Valuation
Instructions:
i) Answer all the sections.
(ii) Sections I and VI carry 10 marks each.
(i) Sections II, III, IV and V carries 20 marks each.

Q. No. L Question breakup Marks

Section-I
1(a) Definition and any two examples of project. 01+01 02
OR
Mention any two features. 02x01=02

(b) Definition. 02
OR
List at least 2types of projects. 02x01-02
(C) Briefly deseribe the role. 03
OR
Briefly describe the role. 03
(d) Brief description. 03
OR

Any3 Diference 03
Section -II
2 (a) Definition and any two tools. 02+02-04
OR
Mention at least four types and twoadvantages. 02+02=04
(6) Design concept and three steps. 03+03-06
| OR
Brief description of PPM and PEP. 03+03-06
(c) WBS for construction of college building. 05
OR
WBS for software development 05
(d) Brief explanation. 05
OR
Brief explanation. 05
Section-III
3 (a) Four phases. 04x01=04
OR
Any four components. 04x01=04
(b) Brief description of cost management and Quality 03+03-06
management.
OR
Brief description of Change management and 03+03-06
procurementmanagement.
(c) Brief explanation. 05
OR
Brief explanation. 05
(d) Minimum 05 reasons. 05x01=05

1
 OR
Minimum 05 reasons. 05x01=05
4(a) Any four functions.
Section-IV
04x01=04
OR
Four tools. 04x01=04
(b) Brief description of 3-time
OR components. 03x02-06
Brief description and six techniques. 03+03-06
(c) Brief explanation.
OR 05

Brief explanation. 05
(d) Brief explanation.
OR 05
Brief explanation 05
5 (a)
Any four purposes. Section-V
OR 04x01=04
Any four objectives.
(b) Brief explanation of 3 steps. 04x01=04
OR 03x02=06
Brief explanation of two ways.
(c) Brief explanation. 03+03-06
OR 05
Brief explanation.
(d) Network diagram. 05
OR 05
Time estimate +Network diagram.
(a) Section VI 02+03=05
Brief description.
OR 05
Brief description.
|6 (b) Brief explanation. 05
OR 05
Brief explanation.
05
 Section -I
Definition 1: In general, project is a work plan which is scientifically devised with right man for the
1 (a)
right work at the right time to achieve a specific objective within a certain set time frame. (1)
OR
unique product or service or
Definition 2: Project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a

result. (American National Standard Institute ANSI/PMI99-001-2004)

OR
controlled activities with
Definition 3: Project is a unique process, consist ofa set of coordinated and
start and finish dates, undertaken to achieve an objective confirming to specific requirements,

including the constraints of time cost and resource. (ISO10006)

OR
Definition 4: A project is a one-shot, time limited, goal directed, major undertaking: requiring the

commitment of varied skills and requirements. (Project Management Institute, USA)

Projects in daily projects, Railway projects, Highway Projects, Information

life are, construction

Technology projects, Manufacturing projects, Health projects, Educational projects

Etc. (1)

OR
Some of the features are: (any fwo features)

1) Unique in nature. No two projects are exactly similar.

2) Have definite objectives (goals) to achieve.
3) Require set of resources.

4) Have a specific time frame for completion with a definite start and finish.

5) Project has a life cycle reflected by growth, maturity and decline.

6) Involves risk and uncertainty.
7) Require cross-functional teams and interdisciplinary approach.
8) Change is an inherent feature in any project throughout its life. (2)
1 (b) | Project management is a distinct area of management that helps in handling projects. It has three key

fcatures: a project manager. the project team and the project management system. Project
management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to met
the project requirements. It enable organizations to execute projects effectively and efficiently. (2)

OR
Different types of project are (any two types)

1) Normal ProjectsS

3
 2) Crash Projects
3) Disaster Projects
(2)
1 (c)| The role
of project manager (any 3 points)
) Project Manager plays a pivotal role in the entire project team and accelerates its
activities.
2) He holds the overall control of
the project and responsible for its execulion and
performance.
3) He is involved in
planning the work. monitoring. directing and leading the team
members|
and sccks to rcach the
project goal in time-cost-quality challenge
4)He should maintain a
project dairy to record the activities and
5) He should progress of the projeet.
ensure timely availability of the resources and take action to
the necessary reduce
wastage of the resources
OR (3)
The role of
project coasultants (any 3
points)
) Consultants prosdc guidance as well direction to the
as
to the projeets from the fomulation state
completion and post project
evaluation state
2) Thcy provide tnc audv antage of
enpertiwe
3)Thcy fill the gap when thcre in o in-house
4) Thcy facility available
pro de thc astanc especially tor
projects with new
technology
tcchnolog or
imported
$) Thcy assest the
Project managct of the projcct team to
6) achieve cost control and time
They assund to
pecpatc control
appeuptiatc ctmatc an ellectve and
efliient managenient of ihe
eoutc
(3)
Montoring and Controllng Processes
Planning Proo0

Proc

Exng Procos
It the applaaton of know ledge. sáills, towls and
objetives 1his tnolhes the applicaton and techniqucs tu project activities to meet the
project
integratinf the five prnject management
as
initiatng. plann1ng. civutng. process such
montoeng and controlling and
the person
responible fur accomplishuny the pruject clesing. The
Project Manager i
objcctt es (3)
 OR
Difference between project and operation. (any 3 difference)
ongoing and permanent with a
1) Projects are unique and temporary, while operations are

repetitive output.
the business.
2) Projects have a fixed budget, while operations have to earn a profit to run
executed to start a new business objective and terminated when it is ach ieved,
3) Projects are

while operational work does not produce anything new and is ongoing.
aim
while operations produce the same product,
4) Projects create a unique product or service,
to earn a profit and keep the system running.
done for the first time, while in operations
5) There are more risks in projects as they.are usually
there are fewer risks as they are repeated many times.

6) Projects are performance intensive while operations are efficiency intensive.

business process
7) Projects are managed through project management and operations require
(3)
management.

Section- II for
Administration is the process of providing a project management service
2 (a) Project
the planning, tracking, and reporting responsibility.
theproject teams and relieves them of most of
tasks required for the
They assist a project manager by performing many of the administrative
administration
smooth running ofthe project. Some of the tools used for effective projective project
Execution Plan (PEP 3) Project Procedure
are: 1) Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) 2) Project
Manual (PPM).
(242)

OR
Different types of a project teams are : (Any four types)
. Initial project teanm

2 Project manager
3. Core project team
4. Full project team

5. Project advisors

6. Project stakeholders

7. Process facilitators
Various advantages are: (Any two advantages)

. Clear objective of the project from the initiation to completion.

2. Good decision-making, which speed up the activities.
3. Clear roles. responsibilities and leadership, without overlapping, ensure snmooth progress
 4. Trust, co-operation,
support and constructive feedback.
S. Individual and mutual
accountability for better results.
2
(b)| Project design is the first (242)
execution of the project. Project design is concerned
stage in the
developing project scheduling techniques and with
implementation of the project. includes finding of
It
location, construction of
buildings, procuring plant and machinery and finally execution the
Product design along with the project.
network analysis will
The help to develop the work plan
us
project. of the
steps involved are:

Step 1: Conceive the total physical

system and its natural modules.
Step 2: Identification of connection
between these modules.
Step 3: Developing the control
system using information as the media to control
OR the project. (3+3)
Project Procedure Manual (PPM)
The project procedure manual gives a
complete picture about the system. It is intended
guide project managers. It has to be to
prepared in such a way that the agencies are able to
roles and mutual see their
relationships in achieving the common goal.
manual should start with each Preparation of a project procedure
project management sub system. It contains the
handling the project in accordance instruction for
with the terms of the contract.
Project Execution Plan (PEP)
The Project Execution Plan is
the governing document that establishes the means to
and control execute, monitor.
projects.
It is a document that describes the
with objectives we wants to achieve in a company
the time and resources needed along with the costs, quality, benefits, etc. PEP
sub-plans. These are: includes four

1.Contracting Plan 2. Work packing Plan 3. Organization

2 (c) A general WBS for Plan 4. Systems and Procedure Plan (3+3)
construction of college building.
Colleze buildind
Coamckon

nleYna Founciete klk rnal

Elet planbin
H - katevaki Many dn

OR 6)

6
 A general WBS for software
development project.
Softha
Develu

Setar
unit

Desnt t Co
Vni
S i
ni
(5)
2 (d) Eftective communication is often the foundation of successful projects. Good communication can
unite team members and stakeholders to a project's strategy, objectives and budget. It can also enable
everyone involved in the project to understand his or her roles, which may make them more likely
to support the project. Without effective communication, projects can incur more risk and fail to
meet desired outcomes. According to Peter F Drucker, 63% of management problems are due to
faulty communications. For a successful project implementation, a two-way communications system
is essential. For that matter, the entire process of direction, co-ordination and control in a project
revolves around communication. (5)
OR
Time and cost overruns make the project uneconomical. This also leads to shortage ofresources for
other projects. In order to minimize time and cost over-runs during the implementation of a project.
it is necessary to study about the prerequisites for successful project implementation. Keeping checks
on these prerequisites help to improve prospects of successful completion of projects. Some of the

important prerequisites are Adequate formulation, sound project organization. proper

implementation planning. advance action, timely availability of funds, judicious equipment
tendering and procurement, better contract management, effective monitoring.
(5)
Section- III
(a) The four phases ofproject life cycle are,
1. Initiation
2. Planning
3. Execution
4. Closure or Termination
(4)
OR

1
 Following are some of the components ofproject planning (Any four components)
. Resource plan

2. Financial plan
3. Quality plan
4. Risk plan
S. Acceptance plan
6. Communication plan
7. Procurement plan
3 (6)
(4)
Cost management
The cost
management process monitors and records all costs within a
by team members using
project. The costs are recorded
expense forms. The project manager will review and approve these forms
before the expensive items are purchased. The cost
to
management process will help the project team
accurately record all the costs and track them in such a
way that the total cost of the project is
within the budget of the
project.
Quality management
The project quality management process aims to
improve the quality of deliverables produced the
project. The objective of the quality by
management process is to enhance the ability of the
to produce
deliverables which mect the project team
specifications and satisfy the customer. The
management process has two components, viz quality
quality improvement process and
process. quality assurance
OR (3+3)
Change management
The change
management is a process in project
management which is used to manage all
change within the project. When the request for
project is evaluated and approved at a
certain specifications. But, when the beginning, it is with
project is in progress, the sponsor may
in the
specification of the project. As a project team which is request certain changes
sponsor it is highly essential to working to satisfy the request of the
incorporate the changes which are
course of the
project execution. suggested by the sponsor in the
Procurement management
In project management, mostly the goods and
services are purchased from the
Under such situation, the external sources.
procurement management process will
goods and services from the external help the project team to purchase
suppliers more efficiently. This process will
give a complete
 set of guidelines to issue purchase orders, receive and approve deliveries, endorse supplier payments

and manage supplier against their contracts.

(3+3)
impact of uncertainties of one
how the input or more
3 (c) | Sensitivity Analysis is a method that measures

model by improving the

variables can affect the output. This analysis improves the prediction ofthe
variable is
in input variables. In sensitivity analysis, typically one
response of model to change of
to know what will happen to the viability
changed ata time. Since the future is uncertain, it helps
the project when some variable like sales or investment deviates from its expected value. It shows
in variables and indicates where further action
how robust or vulnerable a project is to changes input
(5)
to be taken.

OR alternative possible
Scenario analysis is a process of analyzing future events by considering
the
outcomes. Scenario analysis is conducted, to analyze the impacts of possible future events on

be regarded as an improvement oversensitivity analysis

system performance. Scenario analysis may
together. If variables are interrelated, it will be
because it consider variation in several variables
each scenario representing a consistent combination of
helpful to look at some likely scenarios,
(5)
variables
05 reasons).
3 (d) The possible reasons for the given project cost overruns (Minimum
1. Unplanned expansion ofthe project scope.
2. Inaccurate initial cost estimation.

3. Failures in project performance.

4. Errors in project design.
5. Improper risk management.
6. Improper project team building.
7. Wrong choice of equipment.
8. Incompetent material suppliers.

9 Time overrun. (5)

OR
The possible reasons for the given project time overruns (Minimum 05 reasons).

1. A change in the scope ofthe project.

2. Ineffective project time management.
3. Delays in starting and executing some of the project activities.
4. A delay in one project, results in delays in subsequent projects.

5. Use of outdated technology.

6. Political interference.

9
 7. Poor administration.

8. Poor planning. ()
Section IV
4 (a) |Functions of project planning (Any four functions).
1) It should provide a basis for organizing the work on the project.
2) It allocates the responsibilities to individuals.
3) It is a means of communication and co-ordination between all those involved in the project.

4) It induces the people to look ahead.

5) It instills a sense of urgency and time consciousness.
6) It establishes the
basis for monitoring and controlling (4)
OR
Following tools are available for making project planning.
1. Gantt chart
2. Network Techniques
3. Project design
4. Time estimates
(4)
4 (b) The time estimation for
completing the project involves the calculation of three time values for each
activity of a project and these are:
a) Optimistic time (t): It is the time
required to complete the activity ifno hurdles or
arise. complications
b) Most likely time (tm): It is the time in which the
activity is most likely to be completed by
considering the normal circumstances and making allowance for some
unforeseen delays.
c)Pessimistic time (tp): It is the time required to complete the activities
or unforeseen
if unusual complications
difficulties arise.
OR (3x2-6)
Situation analysis is a process
through which the general characteristics and
are identified. It
problems of community
involves the identification and definition
of the characteristics and problems specific
to particular categories of people in the community. It is done
through collecting information
necessary to understand the
community as a whole and individuals within the
Information should be collected on what community
happened in the past, what is currently happening based on
the community's
experiences. Information for Situation analysis should be
involvement of the community members collected with the
using below mentioned techniques: (any six)
. Document's review

2. Surveys

10
 3. Discussions with individuals, specific groups and the community as a whole

4. Interviews
5. Observations
6. Listening to people;
7. Brainstorming
8. Informal conversations

9 Problem tree
(3+3)
finite sub-
statement ofwhat should be done to solve a problem. Objectives are
4 (c) A goal is a general
objectives should be "SMART."
should be specific in order to be achievable. The
set of a goal and
They should be:
and how the situation will be changed
Specific: clear about what, where, when,
Measurable: able to quantify the targets and benefits
Achievable: able to attain the objectives
Realistic:able to obtain the level of change reflected in the objective; and
Time bound: stating the time period in which they will each be accomplished. (5)

OR
broken down into a series of well-defined jobs of short
In a Gantt chart, the activities of project are

duration whose cost and time can be estimated. It is a tool in which the activities or jobs are

The length of the bar indicates the estimated time

represented by horizontal bars in the time access.
and the right end shows the end time.
for the job. The left end of the bar shows the beginning time
The manpower required for the activity is shown by the number on the bar. The project review dates
vertical dotted line and at this time horizontal line is drawn below each bar
to
are indicated by a

indicate the progress actually made up to the date. The length of the progress line is then drawn to

represent the percentage of the job that has been completed

at the review date. (5)
while planning the project. If the project team lacks
4 (d) The objectives and policies are very important
a clear goal even excellence skills and the best equipment will not enable the team to do a good job.
Well defined objectives and policies serve as the framework for the decisions to be made by the

project manager. The objectives of the project may be technical objective, performance objective.
time and cost goals. Policies are the general guide for decision making on individual actions. Some

of the policies of the project are, extent of work given to outside contractors, number of contracts to

be employed, terms of the contract, etc. (5)

OR
Project evaluation is a step-by-step process of collecting, recording and organizing the information
about the project results, shortterm outputs and long term outputs. Project evaluation provides

11
 answers to several aspects such as progress made, desired output achieved, improvements to be made

for better outcome, whether the results justify the input etc, (5)
Section V
5 (a) Purposes of project control. (Any four)
1. To control the progress of the activities.
2. To control the performance of the project activities.
3. To control the project schedule.
4. To have the control over the project cost.
5. To have control over the delays in project activities.

6. To motivate project personnel through performance evaluation.

7. To achieve the project goals effectively and efficiently. (4)

OR
Objectives of project review (Any four)
1. To examine whether the project is implemented in a specified ways or not.
2. To assess the impact of the project.
3. To examine the project efficiency.
4. To measure the quality of the project.

5. To review the safety aspects followed during the project.

6. To examine the methods, process, procedures followed during the

project.
7. To assess the outcome of the project.
(4)
5 (b) | The project audit aims to obtain a clear picture of the actual status ofthe projectfrom time totime.
The detailed audit program involves the following steps:
Step 1: Preliminary examination of the project's organization, administration, record keeping,
planning and control and working methods and techuiques performed in order to establish project
current and future status.

Step 2: Preparing the statements of project current and future status, giving a detailed list of
completed work as compared with the project's performance baseline, recording the cost and qualiy
aspects, record keeping, working methods and communication aspects.
Step 3: Conducting preliminary analysis and presenting results in the form of audit report.
(6)
OR
The performance evaluation is done periodically and it measures the performance of the project on
an ongoing basis. The performance evaluation may be done in terms of economic rate of return on
investment or book rate of return on investment.

12
 1) Economic rate ofreturn for a given year (Cash flow +Changes in present value) / Present

value at the beginning of the year

/ Book value at
2) Book rate of return for a given year =
(Cash flow +Changes in book value)
the beginning of the year (6)

5 (C) Critical Path Method (CPM)

and scheduling. CPM
The Critical Path Method (CPM) is important tool in production planning
an

is used for scheduling special projects where the relationship between the different parts of project

chain of task to be completed one after the other. A CPM is a

is more complicated than of a simple

operations which minimises (or maximises) some measures of
route between two or more

into different operation or activities and their

performance. Under CPM, the project is analyzed
the network diagram, so, first of all a network diagram is
relationship are determined and shown on

schedule
drawn. After this the required Time or some other
measure
of them combined to develop a
CPM marks
which minimizes or maximizes the measure
of performance for each operation. Thus,
concentrates on them. (5)
critical activities in a project and

OR
Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERD
PERT is a time-event network analysis technique designed to watch how the parts ofa programme

and control of large

fit together during passage oftime and events. The PERT is used for planning
construction industries. Under PERT all
projects in various industries like defence. chemical and
individual tasks are shown in a network. All the events are shown by circles and whose completion

can be measured at a given time. Each arrow represents activity, which are the time consuming

elements of a program. The activity time is the lapsed time required to accomplish an event. Finally,

compute the critical path and the slack

time. The eritical path is a sequence of activities, which takes
the least slack time. (5)
the longest time to complete the work and
(d)
Adtivity A
hexecns«T

(5)

13
 OR

activity Time Estimate 13 15

Numerical
Description
m
(a)1 2 12 21
(6)1-3 12 18
c) 2 -4 1.5
(d)3-4 8.5 10
(e) 2-5 14 24
()4-5 1 2 3 20

2+3=5)
6
Section-VI
(a) A cloud-based project management software
coordinates the planning,
and
collaborating, monitoring,
delivering of a project. It allows project managers and teams to get work done using a network
oftools available within the software, rather than using a plain old whiteboard and
sticky notes. The
use
of project management software scales from business to business--and team to
team. in But, all,
it is
designed to make managing projects and deadlines easier and more effective.
Cloud Technology
allows the people to use the
digital resources stored in the virtual space by the way of
networks, often
using satellite network. It allows people to share the information and
without being the restriction of their
applications across the internet
physical location.
(5)
OR
Internet of Things (loT) and sensors are used to get real-time information from various
connected
devices and predict the outcome. In
project management, the loT technoBogy will fundamentally
alter the speed of project execution.
Organizations that adopt loT will complete the projects in a
speedy manner. The loT intersects with project management on
everything from team collaboration
to data collection and can
expect real time status reporting via loT to user in a new era of
dynamic
planning and execution. Data collection will happen on a large scale
allowing leaders to make more
informed decisions. Inventory and resources wil! be easily monitored at all times. Devices can
automatically and
respond what is happening around them reducing the need for human
sense to

intervention, lowering operating costs and increasing response time and

minimizing errors. (5)
6 (b) A smart city is a framework, predoininantly composed of information and
communication
technologies (1CT), to develop, deploy and promote sustainable development practices to address a
growing urbanization challenges. This ICT framework is essentially an intelligent network
of
connected objects and machines that transmit the data
using wireless technology and the cloud
technology. Cloud based loT applications receive, analyze and manage data in real-time to help

14
 decisions that improve quality
of life. |
municipalities, enterprises and
citizens to make better
access to all the
benefits of a smart
be the interface which provides
Augmented Reality (AR) can
(5)
city.
OR devices and resources that generate, store
or
are electronic tools, systems,
Digital technologies student
of digital learning tools in classrooms can increase
process data. The effective use
It also
facilitate personalized learning.
teachers improve their lesson plans, and
engagement, help Virtual Reality (VR)
Reality (AR) and
helps students build essential 21st-century skills. Augmented remote learning,
and diversity in
education including
technologies offer great opportunities technology-based tools
collaborate on group projects using
interactive learning et., Students can
learners
and working collaboratively where
which enables new ways of learning, communicating.
or technology for
or open-ended learning
programs or applications designed for problem solving
use
(5)
interactive whiteboards or learning platforms.
teachers, such as

15
 Code : 20PM01T
1235 Register
Number

USemester Dlplömn Examination,

June/July-2023
PROJECT MANAGEMENT SKILLS
Tme:3 Honrs ]
[Maz. Marks : 100
Answer one full qucstion from cach Section-I, II, III, IV &V.
() Each full questioh carties 20 marks.
(i) Answer to be specific and to the point.

SECTION-I .

1. (8) List any eight featüres of aprojec 8

(b) Match the following consultancy firms with their services : 6

.0) TATA Consultancy a) Maipower consultancy

Services (TCS)
() Tresvista Financial. (6) Technical consultancy services.
Services
Li) WAPCOS Ltd. (c) ITsolutions
iv)SS Institrte (d) Budget management
() Kitco Ltd. (e) Water and power resources consutancy
| (vi) Talent Honter (9 Entrepreneur trainingand consultancy
(C). Eplain different types of project.

2 Aatyse the ifëreices betwoen Projeet and Oporation.

6):List anyffve characteristics of Project Manager.,
(C) DisCUSS Sny threo needs and any ffv¢ main jobs,ofProject consultants.
() List any three obstacles in project management.
3

1of4 Turn over

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 2 of4 1235
20PMO1T
SECTION-I I

3. (a) Define :
Manual (PPM)
(9 Project Procedure 6
() ProjectExecution Plari (PEP) projectimplenentation. college.
for'successful 6
() Describe the pretequisites events ofa
(WBS) forsports
Structure
(c) Develop a Work Brèakdownn
communication in aproject.
() Analyse the importance of
6
arid explain any two tezns.
4. (a) List the different types of project teams
coDnünication.
(6) List the steps to be taken for efectiíve 5
considered while selecting the project téam members.
(C) Develop the factors to be
() Analyse the steps involved in project direction.

SECTION-1

5. (a) List the different phases ofpiojectmanagerient life cycle.

(b) Discuss arý thre methods of risk anàlysis.
c) The polyteéchnic iiáustrial iour fo studcuts was planned for 15 days. However.
the tour took 18 days. for completion. Evaläte the possible reasons for the
delay in theplaned tour.
(4) Explain best ahd worst case analysis. Mention ite limitations

Define project risk: List different tyPe ofrisk assessnent techniaues

6) Disçuss the key projcct mänagemçnt steps for monitoring and controling of a
projecty S
(c) Ahousé construction projed was planned to implement with an
büdgettöf80 lacs:Howejer afterthe comipletioH of the project it was 'estimated
the project cose was 98 lacs. Byaluatë the posible reasons for the found that
the cost ofthe project., increase in
Discuss politiçalrisk in project execuition
2

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 1235
OPMOYT 3of4
SECTION-IV:

4
() Stato any four functlon of project planning. 6
(b) Discuss the functiona of projoot audltot (ar1y stx).
() Draw the project planning structuro.
() Constuct a Gantt chart for the given projoot.
Joba Start Day Duratlon Manpower
J-1 0. 4
J2 2
J-3 4
J4 8
J5 11 4

8. () Litt any five time inonitoring efforts.

) Desciibe project evaluation and mentign any three reasons for conducting
eVauation.
(c) Construct &Network diagram for following details and showcritical path : 10

Actlvity Preceding Duradon No,of

Letter actviteg(n days)émployees
A Nil
B A
C 2 5
D B 2
1 3
3 7.:
D,F: 2:
6
B,H.

|
K.
1
M L 1 2.
M.

[Tun over

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 1235
20FMO1T 4of 4
SECTON-V

9. (a List the different phases of project review.

(6) Dicoss the differences betweeh Auomented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reaty
(VR). 3
(e) Analyse the uscs of network techniqües (any five).
Describc the steps involved Dáa ssience and Data analytics in projec
mansgement.

5
10. ( Distinguish betwecn PERTsdcPM in project naanagemient
(6) Digsuss fnc applications ofItenet ofThings (loT).
(c) Lit the bencfits ofAR nd VRin project management.
( Analyse the teps in poject auitprogram.

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 IISemester Diploma
Examinations,Junc.July-20223
PROJECT MANAGEMENTSKILLS (20PMO1T)
Instructions: Scheme ofr Valuation
I. Answer one full
2. Each One full question from cach SECTIONI, II, III, IV, and V.
3. Answer to be qucstion carries 20 marks.
specific and to the point
Q. Na
Question breakup Marks
1(a) Eight fcatures SECTION-I
I() Match the following. 0801=08
1(c) Three typcs Listing + cxplain (any onc or 06x01=06
morc points cach) 03-03=06
2(a) OR
Any four differences.
2(b) Any five qualitics, 04x0]=04
2(c) Any three needs and Five jobs. 05x01=05
2(0) Any threc obstacles. 03+05-08
03×01=03
3(a) Definition. i) and ii) SECTION-I
30) Listing and explanation 02+02-04
3(c) WBS construction. 03+03-06
3() Any four importance. 06
04x01-04
4(a) OR
Listing and explanation of any TWO.
4(6) Steps. 04+02-06
4(c) Any five factors. 04x01-04
4(d) Steps. 05x0]=05
05
S(a) List four phases. SECTION-III
S6) Any Three methcds 04x01-04
S(c) FIVE reasons. 03×02=t6
S() Explaiation and limitationc 05x01=0S
OR 03+-02 =05
6(a) Definition and listing
6(b) Five Steps 03+02 =05
6(c) Eight reasons. 0S
6(4) Definition. 08x01=C8
2
7(a) Any Fou; functions. SECTICN-IV
76) Any Six functions. 04x|=04
L7C) Block diagram 06x1=0G.
7) Each correct job (TVE JOBS)
OR 05x01=0S
8a) Five efforts
8(b) 0 Definition (02)() List any threereasons 0Sx01-0S
path (03x01=03).
(c) Construction and identifying critical 02+03=0s
09+0]=10
9(a) Different phases SECTION-V
9(6) Five differences. 05x01=05
c) Five uses 05x01=05
Steps O5x01-0S
05
OR
10(a) Any five differences between
10(6) PERT and CPM.
Five applications: OSx01=0s
10(c) Five benefits. 0Sx01=0S
10(4) Steps 05x01=0S

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 larks

9.No. Question and Answers

SECTION-I
1(a) List any Eight features of a project.
Foll wing are some important features ofa project: similar)
> Uniquc in nature. (No two projects arc cxactly
> Have definite goals (objectives) to achicvc
and finish.
> Require set of resources.
completion with a defièite start
> Haveaspecific time framc for growth, maturity decline
and
> Projcct has alife cycle reflected by start.
> Involves risk and uncertainty approach.
interdisciplinary
> Requie cross-functional teams and projectthroughout itslife.
> Change is an inherent fcature innany D6

1(b) Match the following: and Scrviccs

IT soutions
TATAConsultancy
Services (TCS) Budget managemcnt
Tresvista Financial
scrvices resourccs
WAPCOS LId Water and Power
consultancy
Entreprencur training and
SISInstitute conatancy
Tochnicalconultancy
Kitco Ltd service
Manpower Consutancy
Talent Huntcr 06

1(c) Explain different types of Project.

1. Normal Projects
impkncrtation
Ädequste time is allowed for mcasurcd
project are ailowed io taic thr normal time, as
Allthe phnses in a
previously
Minimum requirenmert of capital.
No sacrificc in terms of quality.
2. Crash Projects umc.
Requires additioalcosts to ain encourngei.
Maximum overlapping of phSes S
Simultancous work by subcontacting i done here.

3. Disaster Projccts
unexpected situation like: nature':
These are projccts arc undertaken due o
calamities
for afccted people.
or floods etc. These provide rehabilitation
n these projects.
Anyhing needed to gain time is allowedconstruction site.
the
Round the clock work is done st
Capital cost willgo up very high is of upmost inportance
Projcct time willget drastically reduced as
OR

project amd operation.

2(2) ldentify aay foar differences betwee are as follows:
Differcnce betwecn projcct ad operatio

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 Project
Operation
1
Tempornry Repetitive
Unique Continuous cycle
Crcate new )roduct, scrviccor prOcCss
Producl, service or proccss already created,
nnd is in use
Performmancc. cOst and time arc uncertain Performancc, cost andtinme are kncwn
Developing nnew system System alrcady exists, maintaining and
sustaining
Unexpected inputs and outputs Expected inputs and ouiputs
More risk, usually done for the first tine Fewer risk as they arc repcated many times
8 When objectives are achieved the project
cnds Multiple objcctives to be achieved again and
ngain

2(b) List any FIVE qualities of Project manager. 05

Flexible and adaptable to certain circumstances

Preference for significant initiative and to evolve as a best leader.
Aggressiveness, confidence, persuasiveness, verbal fluency; utra-speciaiist
in communicatiom, Ambition, activity, forcefulness.
Effectiveness as integrator ofproject personnei.
Broad scope of personal interests; must have a diverse interest.
Composed with enthusiasm, in agitation, spontaneity.
Able or willing to devote most ofhis time to pla1ning and controlling.
Able to identify problems ahead.
Willing tc make decisions that are acceptable to the team.
Able to maintain aproper balance in the use of time.

Discuss any TREE needs and any FIVE main jobs of Projeet consultants. 08
2(c)
Need of Consultants
a. When a project with rew technclogy is undertaken.
b. When the in-house consultant is incapable of meeting the requirement of the
project.
c. When there is no in-house facility available in the organization.
d. When the project isexecuted on the basis of imported tecnology and knowhow.
e. Toavail the advantages of expertise available with the outside consultants.

Main jobs of the consultants are:

i. Preparation of feasibility report
ii. Techno-economic report
ii. Preparation of detailed project report
iv. Detailed engincering and consultancy services
v. Detailed comnercial capability
vi. Project monitoring and control of report.
vii. Supervision oferection and commissioning
services
viii. Provide pre and post cornmissioning

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2(d) List any THREE obstacles in
Project management. 03
Project complexities
Exccution of customer's special requirement might result time delay and
co-ordination wih many agencies.
Organization rearrangement is a typicaltask.
Project risks, coupled with statutory changes arc
manager. nightmare for the project
Changes in
" Forward technology hecds highly qualified team.
planning and pricing.

SECTION-1I
3(a)
Procedure Manual (PPM)and Project Execution Plan
(PEP). 04
Project Procedure Manual (PPM):
> The project procedure
> It is manual gives a complete picture about the
intended to guide project system.
It has to be prepared in such managers.
a way that the agencies are
roles and mutual relationships in able to see their
A
Preparation of a project achieving the common goal.
management sub system. procedure manual should start with each project
> It contains the instruction for
terms of the handling the project in accordance with the
contract.
Project Execution Plan (PEP):
> The Project Execution Plan is the
governing document that establishes the
means to execute, monitor, and controi
It is a document that projects.
describes the objectives we want to achieve in a
company winh the time and resources needed along with the costs,
benefits, etc. quality,
> PEP includes four sub-plans. These are:
Contracting Plan
ii. Work packing Plan
Organization Plar:
iv. Systems end Procedurc Plan

3(b) Describe the prerequisites for successful projcct implementation.

06
1) Adequate Formulation:
Ofen proiect formulation is deficient because of one or more of the
felloing
shortcomings.
2) Sound Project Organization:

Asound organization for implementing the project is critical to its success.

1, It is led by a competent leader who is accountable for the project
performance.
2. The authority ofthe project leader and his team is coresponding with their
responsibility.
3. Adequate attention is paid to the human side of the project,
4. Systems and methods are clearly defined.
5. Rewards and penalties to individuals are related to performance.
3) Proper Implementation Planning: formulatioi and
Once the investment decision istaken, and during the

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 appraisal process, it is necessary to do the detailed
before commencing the actual
implementation. inplementation planning
Devckop acomprchensive lime plan for'various
Estimate meticuonsl, the resouree requirementsactivitics.
money, (manpower. materials,
methvds ete.) for cach perind to realize the time plan.
Define properly the inter-linkages between varieus nctivit ies of the project.
" Specify cost standards.

4) Advane Action:
When the projoct appcars to be operational, ndvance action on the
follow ing activtie May be initiated.
Acquisit kon of land,
Seruring Ccntial clcaranccs,
ldentify ing trhnical consuhants,
Aranging infrastructure facilities,
Preliminary design and enginccring.
Calling of tenders.
S) Availability of Funds:
Once a pojt s approved, adequate funds must be made available to meet
its roquemcnts as pcr the plan of implementation.
6) Effetive Monitoring:
To kocp a track on the progress of theprojcct, a system of monitoring must be
establishod.
Aticipating deviat ions from the implenentation plan.
Analysing cmerging problems and resolving it at the carliest.
Taking corrective action.
3(c) Develop a WBS for sports cvent of a college. 66

Spoits event

OR
Geseralied work breakdown structure.

Lnd

Lt

Goneralld Wet Btlom Sntne (WAS)

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 04

3(d) a project. successfiulprojects.

Analyse the importance of communication inoundation
> Effective communication is oflen the of stakeholders to a
and
> Good communication can unite team Imembers
project's strategy, objectives and budget. to
understand his or her
> lt can also cnnble everyone involved inthe projcct
the projectrisk and failto
roles, which may makc thenm morc likely to support
incur more
> Without eflèctive comnunication, projccts can to
mect desiicd outcomes. problems arc due
According to Peter F Drucker, 63% of manngcment
faulty communications. communications
For a successful projcct implementation, atwo-way
system is essential. in aproject
For that matter, thc cntirc process ofdircction, coordinntion and control
revolves around communication.

OR
06
4(a) List the different types of project team and explain any two project teai
Project team can be classified as
a) Initial project team
b) Designated projcct leader/manager
c) Core project team or project steering conmittee
d) Full project team
e) Project advisors
f) Projeci stakeholders
g) Process facilitators.

a)Initíal project team

> It consists of specific people who have idea of starting a project.
> The member of this team may or may not be a part of the core project team.
b) Dsignated project lader/manager
> Any ne of the team nembers will be designated as a project
leader/manager and he will be responsibie for coordinating the activities of
team mnembers, maraging the relations with key stakehoiders and the
process of going through the project cycle.
c) Core project team
> itis a small group of people of3 to 8 members who are utimatcly
responsiblc for designing and managing the project.
> It is also called thec project driving committce consisting of sponsor, client,
leader,expert/specialist and internal auditor (inspector or examiner),
d) Full Project Team
It fs bigger than the core project team, t consists ofa complete group of
people involved in designing, implementing, monitoring and icarning from
aproject.
> This team includes managers, stakeholders, rescarchers and other key
members of the project.
e) Project Advisors
> The project advisors arc not the part ofproject team
> Team members can depend on advisors for honest feedback and
counselling
> Project advisors can coordinate the works ofthe project
 ) Projcct stakçholders
> The projcct stakcholders arc individuals, groups or institutions who are
interest in the projcct outenme
They have a slake in the project
The project sueçess or failure depcnds on how much the stakeholders are
satisticd wvith the pruject
> It is not mandatory that all the stakcholders should be apart of the
projectteanm.
The key stakcholders willfind aplace in the project tcam.
Example: Project manager, Team members, Managers, Resource
managers, Executives, senior management, Company owners and Investors.
g) Project Facilitators
Project Facilitators help the project through the planning process.
He is part of the initialproject tcam and the core project tcam.
> He understands the key clements of the process and he has good facilitation
skills.
A facilitalor is an unbiased person who listens to both sides of an argument.
The facilitator wil! solve problems by reaching common ground between
two or more people.
04
4(b) List the Steps to be takenfor effective communication:
1. Make communication a priority
2. Don't assume you know everything
3. Keep things positive
4. Switch up the communication chajunels
5. Keep updates timely and concise
4(c) Develop the factors to be considered while selecting the project team 05
members.
> Knowledge about biodiversity and threat to biodiversity.
Knowledge atout political, socia! and economic context.
Knowledge or experience of stakeholders and their concerns.
Experience or skillin developing the strategies.
Experience in communication.
Experience in fundraising
> Experience in budgeting and risk assessment.
> Shozd understand the psychology of the team.
> Shouid not be shor tempercd.
4(d) Analyse the steps involved in Project direction. 0S
J. Staffing - Sccing that a professionalperson is chosen for every posi ion.
2. Training - Training individuals and groups on how to fulfil their duties
andresponsibilities.
3. Supervising - Giving day-to-day instructions, guidance and discipline
asrequíred so that they can fulfil their duties and responsibilities.
4.Delegating- Assigning work, responsibility, and authority so that others
canmake maximum utilizat ion oftheir abilities.
5.Motivating - Encouraging others to put more ceffort into the
successfulcompletion of the projects.
6. CounseWing - Solve the personal problems and holding private
discussionsabout how he might do better work.
7.Coordinating - Bring synchronization between different activitics.

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 04

5(a) List the four phases of ProjcctSECTION-III

The four phases of project life cycleManagement
are,
Life cycle.
Initiation
ii Planning
iii. Execution
iv. Closure or T'erminat ion.
06
S(b) Discuss any THREE methods of risk ananlysis.
Risk Analysis
the
measures how
(a) Sensitivity Analysis: Sensitivity Analysis is a method that Thid
impact of affect the output.
uncertainties one or more input variables
of can response of
analysis improves the prediction of the model, by improving theone variable is
model tochange in typically
changed at a time. inputvariables. sensitivity
In analysis,

Kb)Scenario Analysis: Scenario analysis is a process of analysing tutu nuse

considering alternative possible outcomes. Scenario analysis is conducied, to anys
the impacts of possible future events on the system
performance.
(b) Best-casc and Worst-Case Analysis: The objective of best-case and wOrst
case scenario analysis is to get a feclof what happens under the most favorable
or the most adverse configuration of key variables, without bothering much
about the internal consistency of such configurations.
(d) Simulation Analysis: The Simuiation Analysis is a method, whercin the infnite
calculations are niade to obtain the possible outcomes and probabilities for any
choice of action. The role of simulation anaiysis is to summarize and ara!yse the
results, in a way that wili yield maximum insight and help with decision
making.
|5(c) Thepossible reasons for the given project time overruns
05
>
A Achange in the scope of the planned trip.
AA Jneffective time managemeri.
Delays in starting ofthe trip.
A Delay in executing of the planned trip activities.
A> Adelay in one place visit, results in delays
in
A
> Use of defective vehicle for trip. subsequent activities.
Due to natural and unavoidable
A
A circumstance
Improper management of boarding (Rain,
and lodging flood etc)
faciltty
> Unexpected accident ofthe vehicle,
Unexpected vehicle breakdown.
> Poor administration.
> Poor planning.

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 s(d)
Best-case and
The objective ofWorst-Case
05
Analysis:
best-case and worst-casc sccnario analysis is to get a
happens under the most favorable or the most feclof what
hvithout bothering much about ndverseconfiguration
the internal consistency of such of key variables,
configurations.
Best Scenario High demand, high sellng price, low varlable
cost, and so on.
Normal Scenario Average demand, average selling price,
cost, and so on. average varíable
Worst Scenario Low demand, low selling price, high variable cost, and so
on.
|Limitations:
|1. It is based on assumptions that
2. The there are few described scenarios.
assumptions are not truc in most of the cases.
3. The demand in the market is based on
the cconomy of the state which is very
difficuBt to predict and the assumption model can fail.
OR
6(2) Define project risk. List different type of risk
assessment techniques. 05
Definition:
Risk is defined as the possibility of an outcome being
joutcome. lt refers to the possibility ofadverse different from the expected
involved in carrying out the activities. results flcwing from the uncertainty

|Types ofRisk Assessment Techniques.

|1. Severity x frequency x number of people affected.
|2. The Risk Assessment Matrix:

6(b) Key project management steps for monitoring and

controlling a project: 0S
In this phase, the monitoring of the project life is doze to
going according to plan, and ifit isn't, controlling ii by cnsure
working
the project is
out solutions to
get it back on track. In reality, a project mar.ager is
project in some way throughout the phases. monitoring and controlling a

J. Cost & Time Management - Review

timesheets and expenses to record,
control andtrack against the project's budget,
2. Quality Management- Reviewing deliverables timekne and tasks.
and ensuring they meet the
defined acceptance criteria.
3. Risk Management-Monitor, control, manage and reduce potentia! risks and
issues.
4. Acceptance Management -Conduct user
reviewing system, ensuring that all deliverablesacceptance testing and create a
5. Change Management - When the project mect the needs of the client.
doesn't go as per the plan, managing
the process of açceptable changes with the client to ensure they're happy with
necessary changes.

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 08
given project cost overruns:
6(c) The possible reasons for the
> Unplanned expansion of the project scope.
cost estimation.
> Inaccurate initial
> Failures in project performance.
Errors in project design.
Impropcr risk management.
Improper projcct team building.
Wrong choicc of cquipment.
supplicrs.
> Incompctent material
> Time overrun.
industry, political 02
6(d) Politica! Risks: Nationalisation or privatisation of a particular The project
of political
instability, and trade restriction are some examplesagainst risks.
the political interests of
manager should ensure that the projcct does nol go
the country. SECTION-IV
94
7(a) State any FOUR functionsof Project planning
Following are the functions of projectplanning: work on the project.
Itshould provide a basis for organizing the
> It allocates the responsibilities to individuals.
coordination between all those
> It isa means of communication and
involved in the project.
It induces the people to look ahead.
consciousness.
> It gives a sense of urgency and time
> lt establishes the basis for monitoríng and controlling
06
7(b) Discuss the functions of Project auditor (any SIX) to established
1. Plar: and manage assigrned audit prcjects according
standards.
Oversee auditing for cperational, financial and compliance areas.
2. and recommend corrective
control inefficiencies
3. Analvse root causes of
actions.
project with a view
4. Measure, coníim, invesiigate, and report the status of a
ofreducing tle uncertainties.
S. Giye advice to make recommendations.
6. Evaluate the contract bae lines and give judgement on their adequacy.
conducted, maintain the
7. To derive conclusions based on the audits
documents related to the audit work.
05
7(c) Draw the project planning structure.
2.Work desoipton 3. Master schedules
1LProject objectives and Instructon

8.Managerment 4. Network schedules

dedslon maling

6.Time and cost 5. Budget

7. Réports perfozmance

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7(d) Construct the Gantt chart for the given project 05
PROJECT DETAILS
JO8S START DAY DURATIONMANPOWER
2 4
Solution:
3 3 7
8 5
S 13 2

GANTT CHART
12 14 15
2

OR
05
8(2) List any FIVE Time Monitoring efforts.
overall project implementation
1. Devekopment of project execution plan and
schedule.
of contract for scheduling and mcntoring.
2. Preparation ofspecial condition schedulirg
3. Evauation ot bids in relation to and monitoring.
reports submitted by vendors
4. Review the detailcd schedules and progress
and contractors.
coractcrs and vendors.
5. Reviews with owner, Consultants,
6. Project audit znd corporatereview.
owners.
7. Monthly progress report to the informatiousystern.
8. Installation and operaiicn ofan on-line
9. Onjob training fcr on-going schedule and monitoring.
Reasons
8(b) |Defne project evaleation and
O Project cvalaation: Project Evaluation is a step-by-step process of collecting,
about project resuts, including short-term
recording and organizing information
and loDger-term project outcomes
() Reasons of project evalaation
Projcct evaluation provideS answers to several aspects such as:
Progress made.
Effective and efficient use of resources.
Desied output achieved.
Improvements to be made for better outcomK.
Success factors
Whether the resuits justify the input etc.

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 10
8(c) Construct a Network diagram for followlng activities.
No. of
Preceding Duration
Actvity Employees
Letter Activity Descripticn Activities (days) needed

A Start Nil
8
Design
Build frame
1
D Build doors
C 1 3
E Fix axles, wheels and fuel tank
7
F Build body shell
1 2
G Fit doors to body shell D, F
6 5
H Build and test engine
3 3
Assemble and test chassis E, H
2 4
Paint body
K Interior 1
1 3
|Mount body to chassis I,K
M Road test the car L
1 2
N Finishing tuuch M

Path IV: A-B-C-E--L-M-N 8+2+1+3+1+1+] = 17 days

Path Ill: A-B-H-1-L-M-N 8+6+3+1+1+] =20days
Path II: A-B-F-G-J-K-L-M-N 8+3+1+2+1+1+1+1 =18days
Path I: A-B-D-G-J-K-L-M-N 8+1+1+2+1+1+1+I= 16 days

takes 20 days. This path is called the

The longest path is: A-B-H-1-L-M-N which critical path by thick arrows to
kritical path. The network diagram represents the
indicate the critical path.

OR

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 DUMMY ACTVMIY

1/%

0+8+2+1+3+1+1+1= 17 days
Path-1, 1-2-3-6-8-10-11-12-13
0+8+6+3+1+1+1 = 20 days
Path -II, 1-2-3-8-i0-11-12-13
0+8+3+1+2+1+1+1+|= 18 days
Path-III, 1-2-3-5-7-9-10-11-2-13
0+8+1+0+1+2+1+!+1+1 = 16 days
Path -IV, 1-2-3-4-5-7-9-10-11-12-13
which takes 20 days. This
The longest path is: Path-II, 1-2-3-8-10-11-12-13 represents the critical path by
path is called the critical path. The network diagram
khick arrOWs to indicate the critical path.

SECTION-V
03
|9(a) Various pkascs of Project Review
1. Jnitialreview
2. Performance evaluation
3. Abandonment ana!ysis
abandonment
4. Bchavioural issues in project
budgeting
5. Administrative aspecis of capital system of an organizatior
6. Evaluating the capital budgeting
Discuss the differences between Augmented reality (AR) and Virtual reality. 05
9(b)
Augmented Reclty Virtual Reality
LCombination of digttalsnd real world. 1.Totally articaldgtal world.
2.User experlence is partlally immersed.|2. Complete sense of Immerslon.
smart3Special hardware equlpment s
3. Camera-enabled devices suchas |requlred (Microsoft Hololense, HTC vve,
phone, tablet or smart glasses are Google daydream, etc).
requlred. Desktop and lap-top are notOculus rght,
sultable because of Its fbed camera
position, unless an external amera s
used.
4. Latest versions of common operatng |4. Special software ls requlred.
systems are good enough (Androld, Ios,
Windows).
s.intal cost ls lower than the VR. 5. Inltal cost s higher than the AR.

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 05
9(c) Ananlysc the uses of Nctwork Techniques. (FIVE)
Following are the uses of network technique to the management:
It indicates the starl and finish timec of cachactivity'of the project.
Ithelps in better scheduling,monitoring and control of project activties.
iii Ithelps in better execution ofthe project.
These techniques can scrve as indicalors of bottle nccks and potential
trouble spots which help in preventing the pitfalls and progress of the
project as per plan.
V. This willillustrale the type and cxtent of co-ordination required among the
designcrs, contractors and other members of tho project team.
vi. It helps in identifying the critical path.
vii. It hclps in identifying the critical tasks and diversion of resources to these
tasks so that they can becompleted as per the schedule.
vii. It helps in resource allocat ion such as labour, machincs etc.
ix. It helps to find whether or not advisable to crash project time and the
impact ofirashing on the cost of the project.
Helps to find which activitics are to be spceded up so as to minimise the
cost of escalation due to the crashing.
It helps in controlling the project cost.
05
9(d) List the Steps in data science and data analytics in PM involves
a. Define the question
b. Define the ideal dataset
c. Determine what data you can access
d. Obtain the data and clean the data
e. Exploratory data analysis
f. Statistical prediction/modelling
g. Interprct resuits
h. Challenge results
i. Synthesis/write up results
j. Creare reproduceable code.
OR
10(a) Distinguish between PERT and CPM in Project management. 05

PERT CPM

Stands for "Project Evaluation and Stañds for rtcal Patth Metiod".
Review Techníque".
PERT Is appropriate where time CPM is good when tlme estimate's are
estimates are uncertain for activities. foünd with certäinty.
ts concerned with events, which are the | ItIs concerned with actvities,
beginning or ending polnts of operatlon.
Sutable for non-repetitive projects. Suitable for repetitive projects.
Can be analysed statistlcally. Cannot be analysed.
PERT IS not concerned with relationship CPM establshes a relationship between
betwean time and cost. tIme and cost.
ts probablstic in nature. Itis deterministic In ature.
It can be appled only for big projects. It can be applled for both blg and small
projects.
Itis based on THREE-ime estlmates. Itis based on SINGLE-tume estimate.

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 0(b) Discuss theapplications of Intermet of
Things 05
1. Smart Homes: automatic
elc.
illusion system, Voice operated fans and AC"s,
2. Smart City:Traflic
3. Self-driven Cars management,clectricity management etc.
4. loT Reiail Shops:
5. Farming: drip Amazon ctc.
6. Wearables: irrigation, water distribution, ctc.
7. Smart Grids:weNness to fitness ctc.
8. Industrial Internet
9. Telehcalth: renote
10. Smart medicaldiagnostic ctc.
11. TrafticSupply-chain
management Management:
12. Water and Waste
10(c) List the bencfits of AR andmanagement
VR in project 05
Increase in competitive ability. management. (FIYE)
Increase in cfficiency and
Reduces time and costs. productivity.
Reduces errors and facilitates work processes.
Enables fast remote support for repairing systems weakness.
Enable fast and remote collaboration.
Involve innovation support.
Facilitate to understand large amounts of data.
Facilitate decision making problems solving.
Facilitates monitoring of projects.
Reduces the project validation risks.
95
10(d) Analyse the steps in project audit program
Project audit program: of the
> The project audit aims to obtain a clear picturc of the actual status
project from time to time.
> The detailed audit progrann involves the following steps:
Step 1: Preliminary examination of the project's organization, administration,
working methods and techniques
record kceping, plar:ning and control and and future status.
perfored in order to cstablish project curreit
and future status, giving a
Step 2: Preparing the statements of project current the project's performance
detailed list of completed work as compared with keeping, working methods
baseline, recording the cost and quality aspects, record
and communication aspects.
presenting results in the fom of audit
Step 3: Conducting preliminary analysis and
report.

(Project
tbat the model answers prepared by me for code No 20PMO1T scheme of
Certified book and model answers and
managementSkills) are from prescribed text
are correct.
valuationprepared by me RAVI KUMAR B
LECTURER
Department of MechanicalEngg,
364-Sri Venkateshwara Polytechnic
Bannerughatta, Bangalore 83

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PROJECT MANAGEMENT SKILLS (Scheme of valuation & Answer key) - Aug/Sep-2022 [Code: 20PM01T|
=

Code: 20PM01T

1400 Register
Number
II Semester Dipróma Exaril#ätón, August/september-2022
PROJECT MANAGEMENT SKITLLS
Time: 3 Hours] [ Max. Marks,: 100
Instructions:() Ansiwet any.onefull questionftom each$ection-1,2,3,4 and 6.
Gi) Each onefall question.caries 20maks ,'iri.
ii) Answers to be spepeific and to the point.

'
SECTION-1
1. (a Define
Project
(i) Internet of Things (dOT)
)Match the.foHowing )
» NóÝ W
All the phases take their normal time in
Augmented reality
(ii) Projects ndertaken,due to the 6) Normal projct,
unexpected calanities
Git) Adtitional cóss dreequired to gatn Vial reality
timein i
(iv) Video garnèsare exaiple-for
Cloud
() Coimbitatjohöf digiátandralWoitdi r Cash projet
(vi) Virtual storage exists on theinteme Disaster pröject
List the five characteristics of Project Manager, 5
Analyse anyfive benefitsöf AR'änd VRin projéct tiánagerient*"

2. (a) Tdentify any four differences between project and operatio

(b) Show any thre, aifferences.between augmented reality and virtualreality.
List any fve
features ofaproject:
()Discuss any five applications of AR ánd VR. 5

1of 4 Turn over

Deekshit: Kumar U R, Lecturer, Mechanical Dept. KVGP, Sullia (E-mail: deemechkvgpegmail.com) Page ) of 27
PROJECT MANAGEMENT SKILLS (Scheme of valuation & Answer key) - Aug/Sep-2022 [Code: 20PM01T

1400
20PMO1T 2 of 4
SECTION-2
tean
3. L i s t the different types of project team and explain'
any two project
5
(6) Explain project diary with three advantages.

() Develop aWBS for the oollege day event in your institution.

() Analyse the importance ofcommunication.in a project.

4. (a) Identifyhyfive advantages of effective team

Project Execmtjon.
() Describe the use of Project Procedure Manual (PPM) and
Plan (PEP) for the succesful implementation ofthe project.
in
the team members
(c) Develop the factors to be considered while selecting 5
project.

.
()Analysetheprerequisitesfor successftul project implementation.

SECTION-3
5. (a) List the four phases in Project. Manageuent
Lify, Cycle and explain any one
.
phasé;
.

its limitations.
(b)ExplaintBest andWorstcase.analysis and mention
Show thedifferent types ofprojectrisks aänd explain any two.
with an estimated budget of 4000 ororès.
(d) A metro ptoject was planned
However afterthe completfon of the project, it was found that the total project
cost was 4300 crores, Analyse the possible reasons for the increäse in cost of
the project.
: . '

(a) Define projectrisk

.
and list the.differenttypes of isk assessment techniues
in a project.
b) Explain timeoverrun andcÙstoverrun
in aproject.
() List therole ofproject managerto minimize risk . .
(d) A Highway Róad Projeçt was planned with estimated time duration of 6
months. However, the project took 13 months for its completion. Evaluate the
possible reasons for the delay in the project, r.

Lecturer, Mechanical Dept. KVGP, Sullia (E-1nail: [email protected]) Page 2 of 27

Deekshith Kumar U R,
PROJECT MANAGEMENT SKILLS (Scheme of valuation & Answer key) -Aug/Sep-2022 1Code: 20PMO1T|

20PM01T 3 of 4 1400

SECTION-4
1. (a) () Define Project Evaluation. 5
.

(i) List why the project evalyatign is important.

(6) Describe any five functions of Project Planning. 5

() ) Explain Project Scheduling' 5

Gi) List any three purposes of projeetacheduling

(d)Analyse the importance ofprojectobjectiyes and policies. 5

8. (a) ) Define Project Planing 5

List the tools used in project planning
Explain time estimate.
(i) Distinguish optimistic time, most likelytime and pessimistic time.

(c) Develop the Gantt Chart for the yen prOee

JOBS START DURATION A
DAY POWER

J-1

J-2 .
2

J-3

J4

J-5 4

(d) Analyse "SMART" tool for setting goals and objectives. 5

SECTION-5
9. (a) List any five usès ofNetwork Techniques.
(b) Distinguish between PERT and CPM in Project Management.

ITurnover

Deckshith Kumar U R, Lecturer, Mchanical Dept. KVGP, Sulia (E-uail. deemechkvgp@gmailcom) Page 3 of27
 20PMO1T}
MANAGEMENT SKILLS (Scheme of valuation &
Answer key) Aug/Sep-2022 [Code:
-

PROJECT

1400s
20PMO1T 4 of 4
and preceding
(c)Developa network diagram for a projéct whose activities
actvities with duration aro given below:
Acttvity Predecessor Duratlon

A
D

C
G D,E
H
deilti,

5
(d) Analyse the fiunctions of Project auditor.

Control.'*:*
*9**
*a
10. () ( List anythree purposes of Project
Listany fourobjetivesofPject Review
(6) Explaininitial review in aproject.
*

List aný five objectives ofProject Audit

(d) Analyse the steps in project audit program.

" **.

[email protected]) Page 4 of 27
Deekshith Kumar U R, Lecturer, Mechanical Dept. KVGP, Sullia (E-mail:
 (Scheme of valuation &
Answer key)- Aug/Sep-2022 [Code: 20PMO1T]
PROJECT MANAGEMENT SKILLS

II Semester Diploma Examinations, August/Septcmber-2022

PROJECT MANAGEMENT SKILLS (20PM0IT)

Scheme of Valuation
Instructions:
each SECTION 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
Answer one full question from
-

1.
marks.
2. Each one full question carries 20
3. Answer to be specific and to the point

Marks
Q. No. Question breakup
SECTION-1
02+02=04
1(a) () Definition. (02)
i) Definition. (02)
06x01=06
1b) Match the following.
05x01=05
List any five.
05x01=05
1(d) Any five benefits.
OR
difference. 04x01-04
2(a) Any four differences, 01 marks for each
03x02-06
each diffèrence.
2(6) |Any three differences, 02 mark for 05x01=05
Any five features.
2(c)
Any five applications. 05x01-05
2(d) SECTION-2
03+02-05
3(a) List any three types(03x01=03) and explain any two (02x01=02).
02+03-05
3(b) Explain (02), any three advantages (03x01=03).
WBS construction. 05
3(c)
05
3(d) Brief explanation.
OR
Any five advantages.
05x01=05
|4(a) | 2.5+2.5-05
Brief description of PPM and PEP.
4(b)
Any five factors.
05x01=05
4(C)
4(d) Brief explanation. 05
SECTION-3
List four phases (04x01=04) and explain any one (01). 04+01=05
S(a)
Explain (02), limitations any three (03x01=03). 02+03-05
5(b) Name any three types (03x01=03), explain any two (02x01=02). 03+02-05
5(c)
for cost 05x01=055
S(d) Any five reasons overrun.

OR
Definition (02) and list any three types (03*01=03). 02+03-05
6(a)
2.5+2.5-05
of time and cost
6b) Bricfdescription overrun overrun.

05x01-055
List any five roles.
|6(c) 05x01-05
6(d) Any ive reasons for time overrun.

Page 5 of°7
Deekshith Kumar UR, Lecturer, Mechanical Dept. KVGP, Sullia (E-mail: deemechkvgpgmail.com)
 of valuation & Answer key) Aug/Sep-2022 [Code: 20PM01T
-

FROJECT MANAGEMENT SKILLS (Scheme

Marks
Q. No. Question breakup
SECTION-4
02+03=05
7(a) i) Definition (02)
Gi) List any three reasons (03x01=03)..
05x1=05
76) Any five functions.
7(c) ) Explanation (02) 02+03-05
i )List any three purpose (03*01-03).
7(d) Brief explanation. 05
OR
8(a) () Definition (02) 02+03-05
Gi) List any three tools (03x01=03).
8(b) )Explanation (02) 02+03-05
i ) Distinguish one each (03x01=03).
8(c) Developing Gantt chart. 05
8() Brief explanation. 05
SECTION-5
9a) | Any five uses. 05x01-05
96) Any five differences, 01 marks for each difference. 05x01-05
9(c) Developing a network diagram. 05

9d) Any five functions. 05x01-05

OR
10(a) () List any three purposes (03x01=03) 03+02-005
i) List any four objectives(04x0,5=02).
| 10(5) Brief explanation. 05
10(c) List any five objectives. 05x01-05
|10(d) Briefexplanation. 05

Signature of chief reviewer/setter

DEEKSHITH KUMAR UR
Lecturer, Department of Mechanical Engineering.
338-K.V.G Polytechnic (GOVT. AIDED), Sullia, D.K.
Mob: +91 8147434330
Email ID: [email protected]

Deckshith Kumar U R, lLecturer, Mechanical Dept. KVGP, Sullia (E-ma: dee:[email protected]) Pag 6 0t27
PROJECT MANAGEMENT SKILLS (Scheme of valuation & Answer key) - Aug/Sep-2022 [Code: 20PM01T]
=

Q.No. Question and Answers Marks

SECTION-1
1(a) Define () Project (i) Internet of Things (loT). (02+02-04) 04

) Projeet
A project is a temporary, unique and progressive sequcnce of tasks that must be
completed on time to attain a certain outcome.
OR
Project is a temporary endeavour undertaken to create a unique product or service.
OR
A project is a one-shot, time limited goal directed, major undertaking, requiring
commitment of varied skills and requirements.
OR
Project is a work plan which is scientifically devised with the right man for the
right work at the right time to achieve a specific objective within a certain set time
frame.
OR
Project is a unique process, consist of a set of coordinated and controlled activities
with start and finish dates, undertaken to achieve an objective confirming to
specific requirements, including the constraints of time cost and resource.
(ISO10006).
(i) Internet of Things (loT)
Internet of Things (loT) refers to the process of connecting everyday physical
objects to the internet from common household objects like light bulbs to health
care assets like medical devices to wearable, smart devices and even smart cities.

Scheme: [) Definition (any general definition for project), 02 marks. (i)

Definition ofIoT, 02 marks), 02+02=04 marks

1(b) Match the following: (06x01=06) 06

) All the phases taketheir normaltime in (6 Normal project
(ii) Projects undertaken due to the unexpected () Disaster project
calamities
(11)Additional costs are required to gain timein (e) Crash project
iv) Video ganies are example for (c)Virtual reality
(v) Combination of digital andreal world is (a)Augmented reality
(vi) Virtual storage exists ontheinternet (d) Cloud

Scheme: 06x01=06 marks

1(c) | List the five characteristics of Project Manager. (05x01-05) 05

Flexible and adaptable to all circumstances.
Initiativeness and should be a good leader.
AggressiVeness, confidence, persuasiveness aind verbal flucncy.
----
-

Deckshith Kumar U R. Lecturer, Mechanical Dept. KVGP. Sullia (E-mail: [email protected]) Page 7o!27
 |Code: 20PM01T|
& Answer key) Aug/Sep-2022
-

MANAGEMENT SKILLS (Scheme of valuation

PROJECT
Effective communication skills.
Ambition and forcefulaess.
Effectiveness as integrator of project personnel.
Poised with enthusiasn, in agitation, spontaneity.
Able to identify problems ahead.
Able or willing to planning and contro!ling.
devote most of his time for
to the team.
Willing to make decisions which are acceptable
Ability to maintain proper balance in the use of time.

Scheme: Any five characteristics, 05%01=05 marks

Analyse any five benefits of AR and VR in project management. (05x01=05) 05

1(d)
Increase in competitive ability.
Increase in efficiency and productivity.
Reduces time and costs.
Reduces errors and facilitates work processes.
Enables fast remote support for repairing systems weakness.
Enable fast and remote collaboration.
Involve innovationsupport.
Facilitate to understand large amounts of data.
Facilitate decisionmaking problems solving.
.Facilitates monitoring of projects.
Reduces the project validation risks.

Scheme: Any five benefits, 05x01=05 marks

OR
Identify any four differences between project and operation. (04x01=04) 04
2(a)
Difference between project and operation are as follows:
SI. # Project Operation
Temporary. Repetitive.
Unique. Continuous cycle.
Create new product, service or | Product, service or process already
process. created and are in use.
Performance, time and cost are | Performance, time and cost are known.
uncertain.
Developing a new system. System already exists, maintaining and
sustaining.
6. Unexpected inputs and outputs. Expected inputs and outputs.
7. More/High risk, usually done Fewer risks as they are repeated many
for the first time. times.
S. When objectives are achievcd Multiple objectives to be achieved
the project ends. again and again.
Scheme: Any four differences, 01 murks for each difference, 4x01=04 1marks

Deckshith Kunar R , Lecturer, Mechanical Dept. KVGP. Sulia (E-nail: deeriechkvep@ mait.com) Page s ot 27
PROJECT MANAGEMENT SKILLS (Scheme of valuation & Answer key) -

Aug/Sep-2022 [Code: 20PMO1T|

2b) Show any three differences between augmented reality and Virtual reality. | 06
(03x02-06)
S1.# Augmented reality Virtual reality

Combination of digital and real Totally artificial digitalworld.

world.
2 User is partially | Complete sense of immersion.
experience
immersed.
Camera-enabled devices such as Special hardware equipment is
smart phone, tablet or smart glasses required (Microsoft hololens, HTC
are required. Desktop and lap-top vive, oculus right, Google
are not suitable because
of its fixed daydream, etc).
camera position, unless an external
camerais used.
4 Latest versions of common Special software is required.
operating systems are good enough
(Android,IOS, Windows).
Initial cost is lower than the VR. Initial cost is higher than the AR.

Scheme: Any three differences, 02 markfor each difference, 03%02-06 marks

2c) List any five features of a project. (05%01=05) 05

Following are some important features of a project:

Unique in nature. (No two projects are exactly similar)
>Have definite goals (objectives) to achieve
Require set of resources.
Have a specific time frame for completion with a definite start and finish.
Project has a life cycle reflected by start, growth, maturity and decline
Involves risk and uncertainty
Require cross-functional teams and interdisciplinary approach.
Change is an inherent feature in any project throughout its life.

Scheme: Any five features, 05x01=05 marks

2(d) Discuss any five applications of AR and VR. (05x01=05) 05

The applications of AR and VR in Project management are as follows:

i. Architecture, civil engineering, construction and real estate: Instead of|
standard 20 format of drawings and renderings, investors ard customers
can now experience realistic impression of their future buildings, flats, and
business places, both from the outside and from the inside.
ii. Marketing andsales: Many companies have recognized additional values
for both marketers and customers. For instance using app helps customers
in fast decision making.
iii.
Education: AR/VR technologies offer great opportunities and diversity in
Dekshh unar U R, Lecturer, Mechacical Dept. KVGP, Sulia (E-1ai!: deumcchkvg gnail.ccm) P:e of 27
 PROJ

& Answer key) -

Aug/Sep-2022|Code: 20PM0IT
MANAGEMENT SKILLS (Scheme of valuation
PROJECT
interactivelearning etc.)
education (remote learning,
of using AR/VR and related
iv. Visuul industries: Tliere are many examples
entertainment
fashion industry,
projects in this field; game industry,
exhibitions (e.g. landmarks, museums)
industry cinema, film, travelling
etc.
used for test drives, car
rlements testing,
V. Automotive: AR/VR solutions are

car dealership experience, etc.

AR is useful in
Vi. Manufacturing: In complex manufacturing processes on
to factory workers
delivering the right information at the right moment
assembly lines.
fields of
vii. Healtheare: Training of surgeons is one of the most important
application of the AR/VR technologies in healthcare.
connection
vii. Defence: The project uses different approaches allowing remote
3D
of AR and VR systems to geo-location and other tools, involving
modeling, photogrammetric, drones and many other state-of-the-art
technologies.
ix. Service support: Remote technical and expert support, visualized
instructions, remote repairing, knowledge, exchange, etc., with the AV/VR
technologies, maintaining and repairing at remote locations is possible.

Scheme: Any five applications, 05x01=05 marks

SECTION-2
3(a) List the different types of project team and explain any two project team. | 05
(03+02-05)
Project team can be classified as
a) Initial project team
b) Designated project leader/manager
c) Core project team or project steering committee
d) Full project team
e) Project advisors
Project stakeholders
g) Process facilitators.

a) Initial project team

I t consists of specific people wlho have idea of starting a project.
The member ofthis team may or may not be a part of the core project team.

b) Designated project leader/manager

Any one of the team members will be designated as a project
icader/manager and he will be responsible for coordinating the activitics of
team members, managing the relations with key stakeholders and
the
process of going through the project cycle.

Deekshith Ktumar i R, Lecturer, fectianical 1De_t. K VGP, Sullia (E-mail: [email protected]) Page 13 of27
101T] PROJECT MANAGEMENT SKILLS(Schemeof vauation &Answerkey)- Aug/Sep-2022 [Code: 20PMoITI
c) Core project team
I t is a small group of people of 3 to 8 members who are ultimately
responsible for designing and managing the project.
I t is also called the project driving committee consisting of sponsor, client,
leader, expert/specialist and inte nal auditor (inspector or examiner).

d) Full Project Team

I t is bigger than the core project team, it consists of a complete group of
people involved in designing, implementing, monitoring and learning from
a project.
This team includes managers, stakeholders, researchers and other key
members of the project.

e) Project Advisors
The project advisors are not the part of project team
Team members can depend on advisors for honest feedback and
counselling
Project advisors can coordinate the works ofthe project

) Project stakeholders
The project stakeholders are individuals, groups or institutions who are
interest in the project outcome
They have a stake in the project
The project success or failure depends on how much the stakeholders are
satisfied with the project
I t is not mandatory that all the stakeholders should be a part ofthe project
team.
The key stakeholders will find a place in the project team.
Example: Project manager, Team members, Managers, Resource managers,
Executives, senior management, Company owners and Investors.

g) Project Facilitators
Project Facilitators help the project through the planningprocess.
H e is part ofthe initial project team and the core project team.
He understands the key elements of the process and he has good facilitation
skills.
A facilitator is an unbiased person who listens to both sides of an argument.
T h e facilitator will solve problems by reaching common ground between
two or more people.

Scheme: [List any three types (03x01=03) and explain any two (02x01=02)},|
03+02=05 marks

Deekshith Kumar UR, Lecturer, Mechanical Dept. KVGP, Sullia {lE-nail: [email protected]) Page il ot 27
 PROJR
PROJECT MANAGEMENT SKILLS (Scheme of valuation & Answer key) -Aug/Sep-2022 [Code: 20PM0IT
39
35)| Explain project dairy with three advantages. (02+03=05) 05

Project Dairy:
A project manager is to conduct number of meetings with vendors,
contractors, his own staff and various outsiders concerned to project work.
Thus have to maintain
a record of points liscussed and decisions taken in
date wise while
carrying the project work, this is known as project diary.
Adbvantages of Project Dairy:
This will ensure effective and
efficient management.
This record will
justify decisions in later dates.
the
This record can also be used to defend
against non-admissible claims and
litigations.
This diary also helps
pending
to
works with dates committed
prepare a follow-up, as this record contains all the
against each.
Maintaining the diary helps us to get relief from the burden
everything in our mind. of carrying
I t will also boost
up our
memory power thereby helps
problems of unattended work due to lack us to avoid the
of memory.
Scheme: [Explain (02), any three advantages (03x01=03)], 02+03-05 marks
3() Develop a WBS for the college day event in your institution.
05
Work Breakdown Structure
(WBS) for the college day event:
Level 1
College day event in a Instihution

|Level 2
Managing lhe
shudents, faculties Activities to be
Budget Stage setting and
and guests. perfomed. estumation
management
Level 3 Infoming the Inauguration &
tean menmbers
fonal event Stage decoration
Cost of all and seating

Management of
the activities arangements
Cultural
paiticipauts activities etc. Sound&light
settings
Note: Any
general college day event breakdown structure
can be considered.
Scheme: WBS construction 05
marks

Deekshitlh Kunar U R, Lecturer, Mechanical Dept. KVGP, Sullia

(E-mail:
[email protected]:n) age 12 of27
1T
PROJECT MANAGEMENT SKILS (Scheme of valuation & Answer key) - Aug/Sep-2022 [Code: 20PM01T]

3(d) |Analyse the importanee ofcommunication in a project. 05

Effective communication is often the foundation ofsuccessful projects.
Good communication can unite team members and stakeholders to a
project's strategy, objectives and budget.
It can also enable everyone involved in the project to understand his orher
roles, which may make them more likely to support the project.
Without effective communication, projects can incurmore risk ani fail to
meet desired outcomes
According to Peter F Drucker, 63% of management problems are due to
faulty communications.
For a successful project implementation, a two-way communications
system is essential.

For that matter, the entire process of direction, coordination and control in a

project revolves around communication.

Scheme: Brief explanation, 05 marks

OR
4(a) Identify any five advantages of effective team. (05x01=05) 05

Clear objective ofthe project from the initiation to 'completion.

Good decision making process, which speeds up the activities.
Clear roles, responsibilities and leadership.
Ensures smooth progress of the project without overlapping.
Leadership roles are shared by the team hcad.
Trust, co-operation, support and constructive conflict or feedback.
Individual and mutual accountability for performance results.

Scheme: Any five advantages, 05x01=05 marks

Deseribe the use of Projeet Procedure Manual (PPM) and Project Execution |05
4(b) Plan (PEP) for the successful implementation of the projecet. (2.5+2.5=05)

Project Procedure Manual (PPM):

T h e project procedure manual gives a complete picture about the system.
I t is intended to guide project managers.
I t has to be prepared in such a way that the agencies are able to see their
roles and mutual relationships in achieving the common goal.
Preparation of a project procedure manual should start with each project
management sub system.
I t contains the instruction fer handling the project in accordance with the

terns of the contract.

Dcchshith Kunmar UR, Lecturer. Mechanical Dept. VGP, Sullia(E-nmail: dceinechkvepagmil.con) Page 13ot 27
PROJECT MANAGEMENT SKILLS (Scheme of valuation & Answer key) - Aug/Sep-2022 1Code: 20PM0IT|

Project Exrecution Plan (PEP):

The Project Execution Plan is the governing document that establishes the

means to execute, monitor, and control projects.

lt is a document that describes the objectives we wants to achieve in a
company with the time and resources needed along with the costs, quality, |
benefits, etc.
PEP includes four sub-plans. These are:
. Contracting Plan
i. Work packing Plan
ii. Organization Plan
iv. Systems and Procedure Plan

Scheme: [Brief description of PPM (2.5) and PEP (2.5)), 2.5+2.5=05 marks

4(c) Develop the factors to be considered while selecting the team members in a 05
project. (05x01=05)

Knowledge about biodiversity and threat to biodiversity.

Knowledge about political, social and economic ocontext.
Knowledge or experience of stakeholders and their concerns.
>Experience or skill in developing the strategies.
Experience in communication.
Experience in fundraisingg
Experience in budgeting and risk assessment.
Should understand the psychology of the team.
Should not be short tempered.

Scheme: Any five factors, 05x01=05 marks

4(d) Analyse the prerequisites for suecessful project implementation. 05

>Time and cost overruns make the project uneconomical.

>This also leads to shortage of resources for other projects.
I n order to minimize time and cost over-runs during the implementation of
a project, it is
necessary to study about the prerequisites for successful
project implementation.
Keeping checks on these prerequisites help to improve prospects of
successful completion of projects.
Some of the important prerequisites are Adequate formulation, sound
project organization, proper implementation planning, advance action,
timely availability of funds, judicious equipment tendering and
procurement, better contract management, effective monitoring.

Scheme: Brief explanation 05 marks

Deekshith Kumar UR, Lecturcr, Mechanical Dept. KVGP, Sullia (E-mail: [email protected]) Page I4 ot 2
PM0IT] PROJECT MANAGEMENT SKILLS (Scheme of valuation & Answer key) - Aug/Sep-2022 [Code: 20PM01T]

SECTION-3
S(a) List the four phases in Project Management Life eycle and explain any one 05
phase. (04+01=05)

The foir phases of project life cycle are,

Initiation
ii. Planning
ii. Execution
iv. Closure or Termination

i Initiation Phase:
I n this phase we study the project purpose and scope, justification for
taking up the project and the solutions are defined.
This phase ends with selection of project team, setting up ofa project office
and performance review of this phase.

i. Planning Phase:
This phase defines a detailed procedure to undertake the project and how to
complete the project with successful deliverables (output).
Recourse planning is done in this phase.
This phase defines strategic planning and implementation planning.
A performance review is done at the end of this phase.

i. Execution Phase:
This phase carry out or execute the decisions, actions, procedures, steps,
methods etc. that are defined in planning phase.
Actual work is done here and this involves monitoring and controlling
processes.
This phase look for eustomer / stakeholder/ sponsor's satisfaction.
A performance review is done at the end of this phase.

iv. Project closure phase:

This is the final phase to do the official closure of the project.
In this phase project deliverables (output) is handed over to the customers.
Documents are handed over to the authority, contracts are officially closed
with venders and suppliers, staffs are relived and machines or equipment's
are set free for the next project.
A performance review is done at the end of this phase which will identify
the positive and negative points of the project, which will help the project
manager and spencer's to undertake the next project.

Scheme:[List four phuses (04x01=04) and explain any one (01)),

04+01=05 marks

Deckshith Kumar U R, Lecturer, Mechanicai Dcpt. KVGP, Sullia (E-mail: [email protected]) Page 15 of27
PROJECT MANAGEMENT SKILLS (Scheme of valuation & Answer key)- AugSep-2022 [Code: PRO
20PMM.
(b) Explain Best and Worst case analysis and mention its limitations.
(02+03=05) 5
Best case
analysis assumes the best scenario with high demand, high
selling price, and low variable cost and so on.
Worst case a'ralysis assumes the low
demand, low selling price, high|
variable cost and so on.

Limitations:
I t is based on the
assumptions
The assumptions are not true inthat there
are a few described scenarios.
most of the cases.
The demand in the
market is based on
difficult to predict and the economy of the state which is very
assumption model can fail.
Scheme: [Explain
(02), limitations any three
(03x01=03)}, 02+03=05 marks
5(c)Show the different types of project risks and
explain any two. (03+02=05) 05
i. Technical Risks: Technical
risks refer to
specifications of the product results in loss. changes in
technical
1. Social Risks: Social risks
refer to risks
and
preferences of customers. Lack of arising from changes in the needs|
unrest, agitations and social necessary natural resources, labour
movements against
social risks. the project
also constitute
ii. Economic Risks: Economic risks
refer to an increase in the
inflation, changes in the economic rate of
iv. Political Risks: Nationalisation policies of governments.
or
privatisation
political instability, and trade restriction are of a particular industry,
risks. The project
manager should ensure that the
some
examples of political
against the political interests of the project does not go
V. country.
Production Risks: Production risks refer
to the
materials, sudden breakdown of key shortage of necessary raw
and maintenance costs. machinery huge rise in installation
and
Vi.
Marketing Risks: Marketing risks refer to failure of the
or service in the market due to
developed product
changes in market demand, errors
forecasting of demand, or difficulties in distribuion. in
vii. Financial Risks: Financial risks refer to
bad debts, change in the
rate, wrong choice of investments interest
and mistakes in the
procedures. accounting
vii. Human Risks: Human risks refer
to the sudden
demise of key
limited availability of skilled employee,
employees, inter-group politics, etc.
Scheme: [Name any three
types (03x01=03), erplain any two (02x01=02)],
03+02=05 marks

Deekshith Kunar U R,
Lecturer, Mechanical Dept. KVGP, Sullia (E-mail: deemee
[email protected]) Page 16 ot 27
101T
PROJECT MANAGEMENT SKILLS (Scheme of valuation & Answer key) -Aug/Sep-2022 1Code: 20PM01T
5(d) A metro project was planned with an estimated budget of 4000 crores. |05

However, after the completion of the project, it was found that the total
project cost was 4300 erores. Analyse the possible reasons for the increase in
cost of the projeet. (05«01=05)

The possible reasons for the given project cost overruns:

Unplanned expansion of the projet scope.
Inaccurate initial cost estimation.
Failures in project performance.
Errors in project design.
Improper risk management.
Improper project team building.
Wrong choice of equipment.
Incompetent material suppliers.
>Time overrun.
Scheme: Any five reasonsfor cost overrun, 05x01=05 marks

OR
6(a) Define project risk and list the different types of risk assessment techniques. | 05
(02+03-05)
Risk is defined as the possibility of an outcome being different from the expected
outcome.
OR

Risk are uncertainties in any project, they can adversely affectthe desired outcome
of the project unless they are minimized

Project risk assessment techniques are as follows:

1. Sensitivity analysis
2. Scenario analysis
3. Best and worst case analysis
4. Simulation analysis

Scheme: /Definition (02) and list any three types (03x01=03), 02+03=05 marks

6(6) Explain time overrun and cost overrun in a project. (2.5+2.5=05) 05

Time overrun:
I t is the condition where the project does not complete within the scheduled
time (given time).
This may be the result of poor planning and deviation from time schedule.
Proper planning, controlling and monitoring with review systeny can always
reduce or avoid time overun.

Deekshith Kunar U R, Lecturer, Mechanical Dept. KVGP, Sullia (E-mail: [email protected]) Page 17 ot 27
 PRO

PROJECT MANAGEMENT SKILLS (Scheme of valuation & Answer key) - Aug/Sep-2022 [Code: 20PMa.

Following may the reasons for time overrun:

Changing project objective or events.
Delay in start-up, execution and closure.
Delay in undertaking dependent project stages.
Poor time table or poor follow up.
Management or administrative failure.
Possible interruption from public, politicians or government authorities.
Cost overrun:
I t is the condition
where the project does not complete within the given
budget.
This may be the result
of poor planning and poor management.
Proper planning, controlling, tracking and monitoring with review system
can
always reduce or avoid cost overrun.
Following may the reasons for cost overrun:
Re-work or re-assembly.
Fail to track
project spending.
Poor resource utilization
plan.
Fail to make work breakdown
structure.
Fail to review similar
projects past.
in
Lack of detailed
project budget outline.
Scheme: Brief description
of time overrun and cost overrun, 2.5+2.5=05 marks
6(¢) List the role of
project minimize risk in a
manager to
>Project manager place an important roll ensures project.team
(05x01=05) 05
all the activities. and project managers
He holds the overall control of the project and
and performance. responsible for its execution
He is involved in
planning of work, monitoring, directing and leading team
members and makes sure that
project goals are reached in time, cost and
quality.
He should maintain a
project dairy to
records the activities and progress of
the project.
He should ensure timely availability of the action to reduce the wastage
resources. of
He should be flexible and
adoptable to any situation.
Project manager should be confident, verbally
specialist in communication. fluently and must be a
He should be able to identify the
H e should be able to maintain a
problems ahead.
He must take form decision and it
proper balance between time and money.
must be accepted by his team
members.
|Scheme: Listing any five roles, 05x01 05 murks

Deckshitlh Kumar U R,
Lecturer, Mechanical Dept. KVGP, Sullia (l-nail: [email protected] Page 18 of 27
MOrTI PROJECT MANAGEMENT SKILLS (Scheme of valuation& Answer key) - Aug/Sep-2022 [Code: 20PMOTTJ|

estimated time duration of 6 05

6(d) A Highway road Project was planned with
months. However, the p-oject took 13 months for its completion. Evaluate the

possible reasons for the delay in the project. (05%01=05)

The possible reasons for the given project time overruns:
A change in the scope ofthe project.
Ineffective project time management.
Delays in starting und executing some of the project activities.
A delay in one project, results in delays in subsequent projects.
Use of out-dated technology.
Political interference.
Poor administration.
Poor planning
Scheme: Any five reasons for time overrun, 05x01=05 marks

SECTION4
() Define Project evaluation (ii) List why the project evaluation is important 05
7(a)
(02+03-05)
() Project evaluation: Project Evaluation is a step-by-step process of collecting,

recording and organizing information about project results, including short-term

and longer-term project outcomes

(i) Importance of project evaluation

Project evaluation provides answers to several aspects such as:

Progress made.
Effective and efficient use of resources.
Desired output achieved.
Improvements to be made for better outcome.
Success factors
Whether the results justify the input etc.

Scheme: [) Definition (02) (i) Listing any three reasons (03x01=03)],

02+03=05 marks

7(b) Describe any five functions of Project planning. (05%01=05) 05

Following are the functions ofprojectplanning:
I t should provide a basis for organizing the work on the project.
It allocates the responsibilities to individuals.
I t is a means of communication and coordination between all those
involved in the project.
I t induces the people to look ahead.
It gives a sense of urgency and time consciousness.
It establishes the basis for monitoring and controlling.

Scheme: Listingany five functions, 05x1=05 marks

Deck:hith Kumar U R, Lecturcr, Mechanical Dept. KVGP, Sullia (E-1nail:
decrnechkvypgiail.com) Page 19 of 27
 PROJECT
PROJECT MANAGEMENT SKILLS (Scheme of valuation & Answer key) - Aug/Sep-2022[Code: 20PMe
=
MOT
( c ) ) Explain Project scheduling(i) List any three purpose of project 05
scheduling. (02+03-05)
) Project scheduling : (02 Marks)
I t is a procedure of assigning tasks or activities to get them completed w ll
within an allocated budget and specified time schedule.

Scheduling suggests when to start and how much to be done.

Scheduling usually consists of the planned start date and finish date.
Scheduling is critical component for effective time management.
(i) Purpose of project scheduling: (03 Marks) [Any three]
To obtain time
based commitment to various project activities.
To communicate these commitments to
To ensure coordination
project manage.
with respect to the
among the project leader and the team members
commitments and the activities to be carried out.
To adopt the schedule or
commitment to the changing circumstances
(unavoidable risks).
Scheme: [)
Explanation (02) (i) Listing any three purpose
02+03=05 marks (03x01=03)),
7(d) Analyse the importance of project
objectives and policies. 05
The objectives and policies are very important while
If the project team lacks a clear goal even excellence planning the project.
skills and the best
equipment will not enable the team to do a good job.
Well defined
objectives and policies serve as the framework for
decisions to be made by the
project manager. the|
The objectives of
the project may be technical objectives,
objectives, time and cost goals. perfomance
Policies are the general guide for decision
Some of the policies of the
making on individual actions.
project are extent of work given to
outside
contractors, number of contracts to be employed, terms of the contract, etc.
Scheme: Brief explanation, 05 marks

OR
8(a) ) Define Project Planning (i) List the tools used in
(02-+03-05) project planning. | 05
(i) Project Planning: It is all about
designing effective policies and methodologies
in order to attain fulfil
or
project deliverables or project seope or project
Project planning is thinking before doing. objectives.

Deekshith Kumar U R, Lecturer.

Mechnic:l Dept. KVGP, Si:llia (E-mail:
[email protected]) Page 20 of 27
PROJECT MANAGEMENT SKILLS (Scheme of valuation & Answer key) - Aug/Sep-2022 ICode:20PMO1T

(i) Tools used in project, planning:

Following lools are available for making project planning:
i. Santt chart
ii. Network Techniques
ii. Project design
V. Time estimates

Scheme: [() Definition (02) (i) Listing any three tools (03x0l=03),
02+03-05 marks

8(b) Explain time estimate (ii) Distinguish optimistic time,

most likely time and | 05
pessimistic time. (02+03-05)

() Time estimate:
for
When the project is to be designed, it is essential to fix the time targets
each activity of the project.
time schedule which gives the
This helps to complete the project as per the
optimum benefits (profit) to enjoy.
be done by making the work break
T h e time estimate for the project can

down of the project, estimating the time schedules for each activity, putting
them in a proper sequence as per the technical or logical manner and finally
with the available resources.
matching their build up on a time scale
the factors like
The time estimation for completing the project depends
on

constraints and also on the data

work content, sequence, resources,
available.
This also involves the calculation ofthree time values for each activity of a
most likely time and pessimistic
project and these are optimistic time,
time

time and pessimistic time

(i) Distinguish optimistic time, most likely
to complete the activity if no hurdles
a) Optimistic time (t): It is the time required
or complications arise.

which the activity is most likely to be

b) Mostlikely time (): It is the time in
and making allowance for
completed by considering the normal circumstances
some unforeseen delays.

It is the time required to complete the activities if unusual

c) Pessimistic time (tp):
complications or unforeseen difficulties arise.

Scheme:1(i) Explanation (02) (i) Distinguish one euch (03x01=03)),

02+03=05 marks

cckshitl Kumar U R, i.ecturer, Meclanical Dept. K VGP, Sullia (E-m:ii: [email protected]) 'age 2i of'27
 PROJECT MANAGEMENT SKILLS PROJE
(Scheme of valuation & Answer key) AugSep-2022 [Code: 20n
-

8(c) Develop the Gantt chart for the given project

0S
JOBS START DAY DURATION
J-1
MANPOWER
5 7
J-2
J-3 3
J-4 8 4 2
J-5 11 4 4
Solution:

GANTT CHART
-

JOBJ-3

DAYS

Scheme: Developing Gantt

chart, 05 marks
8d) Analyse "SMART" tool for
A goal is a setting goals and objectives.
general statement of what should be 05
Objectives are finite subset of a done to solve a
achievable.
a
goal and should be problem.
specific in order to be
The
objectives should be "SMART"
They should be:
i.
Specific: clear about what, where,
be changed when, and how the
situation will
ii. Measurable: able to quantify the
ii. Achievable: able to attain the targets and benefits
iv. Realistic: able to
objectives
obtain the level of
objective and change reflected in the
V. Time bound:
stating the time
period in which
accomplished. they will cach be

Scheme: Brief explanation, 05 marks

Deckshith Kumar U R.
Lecturer, Mechanical Dept. KVGP,
Sullia (E-mail:
[email protected]) Page 22
or 27
101T PROJECT MANAGEMENT SKILLS (Scheme of valuation & Answer key) - Aug/Sep-2022 [Code:20PM0DT

SECTION-5
05
9(a) List any five uses of Network Techniques. (05x01=05)
Following are the uses of network technique to the management:
i. It indicates the start and finish time of each activity of the project.
of project activities.
ii. t helps in better scheduling, monitoring and control
ii. It helps in better execution of the project.
These techniques can serve as indicators of bottle necks and potential
iv.
trouble spots which help in preventing the pitfalls and progress of the
project as per plan.
among the
V. This will illustrate the type and extent of co-ordination required
of the project team.
designers, contractors and other members
vi. It helps in identifying the critical path.
to these
and diversion ofresources
vii. It helps in identifying the critical tasks
the schedule.
tasks so that they can be completed as per
machines etc.
vii. It helps in resource allocation such as labour,
and the
advisable to crash project time
ix. It helps to find whether or not
impact of crashing on the cost of the project.
so as to minimise the
are to be speeded up
X. Helps to find which activities
cost of escalation due to the crashing.
xi. It helps in controlling the project cost.

marks
Scheme: Any five uses, 05x01=05
between PERT and CPM in Project Management. (05x01=05) 05
9(b) Distinguish

SI.# PERT CPM

is appropriate when the time
|1. It is appropriate where the time | It
estimates are uncertain in the estimates are found with certainty in
duration of activities. the duration of activities.
the
2. It uses | It uses only one time estimate for
three time estimates for
the performance of an event. activity and which is constant.
with the activity.
3. It is concerned with the events. | It is concerned

It is suitable for non-repetitive It is suitablefor repetitive projects.

projects.
3.
It can be analysed statistically. |It cannot be analysed statistically.
6. Time is the direct controlling Cost is the direct controlling factor.
factor.
The circle stands for an event The circle stands for an activity and
and the line connecting the | the line joining the circles represents
circles represents an activity. an cvents.
8. Tt is applied to research It is applied to the construction.
development industries.

Scheme: Any five differences, 01 marks for each difference, 05x01=05 marks

Deckslith Kumar U R, Lecturer. Mechanical Dept. K VGP, Sullia (E-mail: [email protected]) Page 23 of 27
 PROJECT
FROJECT MANAGEMENT SKILLS (Scheme of valuation & Answer key) - Aug/Sep-2022 [Code: 20PMa
T
9(c) Develop a network diagram for a project whose activities and preceding |0s
activities with duration are given below.

Activity Predecessor Duration(days)_

A

G
H

Solution
D

2
Scheme: Developing a network diagram, 05 marks

9(d) Analyse the functions of

Project auditor. (05x01=05)
>Providing the actual status
of project from time to time.
the
05
He has to examine the
project methodology and techniques to achieve the
project objectives.
Identification of factors which
may create the
project work and giving the
quality problems during the
recommendations to overcome those
problems.
Auditor is required to give advice to make
He should be competent to recommendations.
Auditor has
prepare the action plans.
to evaluate the contract base lines and
their give his judgment on
adequacy for achieving the project objectives.
>Auditor has to measure the prescnt and future
of the project.
state
Timely spotting of different problems
relating te thc execution
of the
project and suggesting to overcome the above
Establishing a good infor1nation base for a properproblemns.
the project. estimation and costing of

Deekshith Kumar UR,

Lecturer, Mechanica! Dept. KVGP, Sullia (E-niail:
de.meuhkvgp@nai!.con) Pge 24 ot2i
M01T PROJECT MANAGEMENT SKILLS
(Scheme of valuation & Answer key)- Aug/Sep-2022 |Code: 20PMOL
ASSIsting in establishing appropriate standards and systems and
recommending suitable work techniques.
ldentification and recommendations of specific training needd with
reference to the project tasks.
Investing the underlying records, and the tangible results ofwork done.
Continuous observations over the process and calibre of project
and
management, and get a clear picture of the project organization
controls.

Scheme: Any five functions, 05x01=05 marks

OR
1Oa) ) List any three purposes of project control (ii) List any four objectives of
| 05
Project Review. (03+02-05)

() Purposes ofproject control:

To control the progress of the activities.

To control the performance of the project activities.

T o control the project schedule.
T o have control over the project cost.

To have control overdelays in project activities.

the
evaluation.
T o motivate project personnel through performance
To achieve the project goals effectively and efficiently.

ii) Objectives ofproject review:

or not.
T o examine whether the project is implemented in a specified ways
To assess the impact ofthe project.
To examine the project efficiency.
T o measure the quality ofthe project.
T o review the safety aspects followed during the project.
T o examine the methods, process, procedures followed during the project.
T o assess the outcome ofthe project.

Scheme:[()List any three purposes (03x0103), (ii) List any four objectives
(04x0.5-02)}, 03+02=05 marks

10(b) | Explain initial review in a project. 05

Initial project review is the first siage in the project review process.
I t consists oftwo types:

Control of Project in progress:

I t specifies expenditure, how much can be spent by whom and when.
It ensures that the actual expenditure does not deviate from planned one.
It is a periodical control exercised during the project in progress.

Deekshith Kumar UR, Lectuner, Mechanical Dept. KVGP, Sullia (E-nail: deemechkvgp(@ymail.con) P:age 25of27